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Pharmacology > Spring FPMQ MOAs > Flashcards

Spring FPMQ MOAs Flashcards

1
Q

Doxazosin

A

Block alpha 1 or 2 in the periphery causing vasodilation

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2
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Positively charged resins bind negatively charged bile acids – the resins & bound bile acids are excreted in the stool

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3
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) to suppress genes associated with lipid metabolism
• Reduces triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
• Increases HDLs

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4
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Inhibit the activity of HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A) reductase – catalyzes the early rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis

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5
Q

Levalbuterol

A

Beta-2 receptor activation leading to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP, which leads to bronchodilation

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6
Q

Ipratropium

A

Blocks vagally-mediated airway tone, including vagally-mediated bronchoconstriction

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7
Q

Ramipril

A
  • Counter the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by blocking the conversion of ANG-1 to ANG-II and aldosterone secretion
  • Reduce peripheral resistance and reduce afterload, reduce sodium and water retention and reduce preload, reduce long-term remodeling of cardiac tissue
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8
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Alpha stimulation vasoconstricts the nasal mucosa vessels, shrink swollen mucosa and improve breathin

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9
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Relax vascular smooth muscle by stimulating intracellular cGMP production. They cause predominantly venous dilation with some dose dependent arterial effects

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10
Q

Benazepril

A
  • Counter the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by blocking the conversion of ANG-1 to ANG-II and aldosterone secretion
  • Reduce peripheral resistance and reduce afterload, reduce sodium and water retention and reduce preload, reduce long-term remodeling of cardiac tissue
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11
Q

Losartan

A

Block the actions of ANG-II by blocking binding to ANG-II receptors leading to vasodilation and decrease in BP

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12
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal tubules, resulting in increased urinary excretion of sodium and chloride

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13
Q

Montelukast

A

Antagonist at the leukotriene LTD4 and LTE4 receptor

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14
Q

Labetalol

A

Alpha-1 antagonists causes vasodilation decreasing peripheral resistance

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15
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Relax vascular smooth muscle by stimulating intracellular cGMP production. They cause predominantly venous dilation with some dose dependent arterial effects

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16
Q

Niacin

A

Inhibits triglyceride synthesis
• Inhibits lipase to reduce free fatty acids
• Inhibits synthesis and esterification of fatty acids
– reduces LDL levels

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17
Q

Omega-3-fatty acids

A

Lower triglycerides – mechanism may be similar to fibrates

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18
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Select alpha-1a, primarily in prostate – good for BPH not HTN - can have BP changes

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19
Q

Irbesartan

A

Block the actions of ANG-II by blocking binding to ANG-II receptors leading to vasodilation and decrease in BP

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20
Q

Ranolazine

A

Believed inhibition of the inward sodium channel in ischemic myocardium, resulting in decreased calcium influx and decreased ventricular tension and oxygen consumption

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21
Q

Omalizumab

A

IgE binder - Recombinant DNA-derived monoclonal antibody directed to IgE, important in releasing mediator of the allergic response

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22
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Anti-inflammatory action by suppression of inflammatory gene expression (cytokines & chemokines)
-Reduce expression of the inflammatory cyclooxygenase II (COX II)

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23
Q

Nifedipine

A

Prevents release of internal calcium stored into the cell cytosol → heart muscle cell does not respond to calcium ion signal - Leading to relaxation of vessels in the periphery & decreased contractility in the heart

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24
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Relax vascular smooth muscle by stimulating intracellular cGMP production. They cause predominantly venous dilation with some dose dependent arterial effects

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25
Carvedilol
Alpha-1 antagonists causes vasodilation decreasing peripheral resistance
26
Amlodipine
Prevents release of internal calcium stored into the cell cytosol → heart muscle cell does not respond to calcium ion signal - Leading to relaxation of vessels in the periphery & decreased contractility in the heart
27
Diphenhydramine
Histamine – 1 blocker
28
Lisinopril
- Counter the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by blocking the conversion of ANG-1 to ANG-II and aldosterone secretion - Reduce peripheral resistance and reduce afterload, reduce sodium and water retention and reduce preload, reduce long-term remodeling of cardiac tissue
29
Theophylline
Phosphodiesterase inhibition (3,4,5) increases cAMP & cGMP in bronchial smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation
30
Felodipine
Prevents release of internal calcium stored into the cell cytosol → heart muscle cell does not respond to calcium ion signal - Leading to relaxation of vessels in the periphery & decreased contractility in the heart
31
Milrinone
Increase in cAMP activates cAMP-depended protein kinase activity that promotes phosphorylation of voltage-dependent calcium channels – increase in calcium influx during action potential increases force of contraction
32
Nicotine
Stimulates acetylcholine (nicotinic) receptors in the CNS, producing psychoactive effects as mood elevation, decreased anxiety, decreased appetite, improved attentiveness, cognitive enhancement, etc.
33
Atenolol
Beta-1 antagonists slow down HR by decreasing cardiac output – decreased HR & force of contraction
34
Dobutamine
- Short-term Tx of cardiac decompensation - Beta effect predominates – increase HR & force of contraction - Alpha effects may contribute to increased force of contraction
35
Norepinephrine
- Heart – rate may decrease by vagal reflex - Arteries – vasoconstriction - Veins – Venoconstriction
36
Beclomethasone
Anti-inflammatory action by suppression of inflammatory gene expression (cytokines & chemokines) -Reduce expression of the inflammatory cyclooxygenase II (COX II)
37
Nebivolol
Beta-1 antagonists slow down HR by decreasing cardiac output
38
Diltiazem
- Block movement of calcium ions across cell membranes. Leading to relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation. Also increase myocardial oxygen delivery and depress both impulse formation and conduction velocity in the AV node - Negative inotrope, negative chronotrope
39
Sotalol
- Potassium channel blocker – increases action potential duration and refractory period - Beta blocker activity – inhibits phase 4 depolarization (K channels)
40
Bumetanide
Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle, increasing the excretion of sodium, water, chloride, calcium, and magnesium
41
Atorvastatin
Inhibit the activity of HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A) reductase – catalyzes the early rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis
42
Hydralazine
Cause vasodilation through release of NO
43
Promethazine
H1-Receptor Antagonist | -Dopamine antagonism as well as H1 and muscarinic receptor antagonism
44
Torsemide
Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle, increasing the excretion of sodium, water, chloride, calcium, and magnesium
45
Epinephrine
- Emergency Tx of anaphylactic shock & cardiac stimulation during arrest - Heart – Increased force of contraction (+ inotropic action), increase in rate (+ chronotropic action) - Arteries – Vasoconstriction in most arterial beds - Lungs – Bronchodilation, decongestion
46
Hydroxyzine
H1-Receptor Antagonist on vestibular afferents in the CTZ and STN, Anti-cholinergic properties on M1 receptors in the CTZ and STN
47
Mometasone
Anti-inflammatory action by suppression of inflammatory gene expression (cytokines & chemokines) -Reduce expression of the inflammatory cyclooxygenase II (COX II)
48
Fexofenadine
Anti-histamine effects
49
Albuterol
Beta-2 receptor activation leading to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP, which leads to bronchodilation
50
Guaifenesin
Increases respiratory tract fluid secretions which helps loosen phlegm and bronchial secretions
51
Terazosin
Block alpha 1 or 2 in the periphery causing vasodilation
52
Valsartan
Block the actions of ANG-II by blocking binding to ANG-II receptors leading to vasodilation and decrease in BP
53
Verapamil
Block movement of calcium ions across cell membranes. Leading to relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation. Also increase myocardial oxygen delivery and depress both impulse formation and conduction velocity in the AV node -Negative inotrope, negative chronotrope
54
Cetirizine
Anti-histamine effects
55
Salmeterol
Beta-2 receptor activation leading to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP, which leads to bronchodilation
56
Spironolactone
Blocks up regulation of Na+ & Na+/K+ ATPase leading to decreased Na+ resorption and increased K+ resorption
57
Dopamine
- Short-term cardiovascular support – effects highly dependent on dose - Increased cardiac output - Increased BP - Improved renal and intestinal perfusion
58
Propranolol
- non-selective block beta 1 & 2 - Beta-1 decreased HR and force of contraction - Beta-2 predominates in bronchial tissue get bronchoconstriction
59
Fluticasone
Anti-inflammatory action by suppression of inflammatory gene expression (cytokines & chemokines) -Reduce expression of the inflammatory cyclooxygenase II (COX II)
60
Pravastatin
Inhibit the activity of HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A) reductase – catalyzes the early rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis
61
Varenicline
Partial agonist-antagonist and is highly selective for the alpha-4-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
62
Enalapril
- Counter the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by blocking the conversion of ANG-1 to ANG-II and aldosterone secretion - Reduce peripheral resistance and reduce afterload, reduce sodium and water retention and reduce preload, reduce long-term remodeling of cardiac tissue
63
Digoxin
- Blocks the Na+/K+ ATPase, which leads to increased intracellular sodium, which stimulates sodium calcium exchange. Which leads to increased intracellular calcium increasing contractility. Increases vagal tone which suppressed the AV node increasing refractory period and decreasing conduction velocity
64
Clonidine
Bind the alpha-2 autoreceptor leading to decreased release of catecholamines (NE, Epi) form presynaptic cleft → leads to vasodilation since less catecholamines are present to bind other receptors such as alpha-1
65
Loratadine
Anti-histamine effects
66
Levocetirizine
Anti-histamine effects
67
Simvastatin
Inhibit the activity of HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A) reductase – catalyzes the early rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis
68
Tiotropium
Blocks vagally-mediated airway tone, including vagally-mediated bronchoconstriction
69
Olmesartan medoxomil
Block the actions of ANG-II by blocking binding to ANG-II receptors leading to vasodilation and decrease in BP
70
Phenylephrine
Alpha-1 selective leading to vasoconstriction
71
Benzonatate
Acts as a local anesthetic on stretch receptors that trigger cough located in respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura
72
Gemfibrozil
Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) to suppress genes associated with lipid metabolism • Reduces triglyceride-rich lipoproteins • Increases HDLs
73
Amiodarone
- Has class I, II, II, and IV activity - Blocks NA channels slowing HR, impedes AV node conduction through beta blockade and calcium channels, prolongs atrial ventricular repolarization by inhibiting potassium channels
74
Metoprolol tartrate
Beta-1 antagonists slow down HR by decreasing cardiac output – decreased HR & force of contraction
75
Ezetimibe
Inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and related phytosterols by interacting with specific intestinal transporters – does NOT effect absorption of fat soluble vitamins
76
Captopril
- Counter the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by blocking the conversion of ANG-1 to ANG-II and aldosterone secretion - Reduce peripheral resistance and reduce afterload, reduce sodium and water retention and reduce preload, reduce long-term remodeling of cardiac tissue
77
Furosemide
Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle, increasing the excretion of sodium, water, chloride, calcium, and magnesium

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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