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Pharmacology > Drug quiz 2 MOA > Flashcards

Drug quiz 2 MOA Flashcards

1
Q

Epoetin alfa

A

Glycoprotein that stimulates RBC production. Stimulates division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Reversibly inhibit coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects, such as cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation

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3
Q

Dabigatran

A

Reversibly inhibit coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects, such as cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation

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4
Q

Metformin

A

Improve glucose tolerance by lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Decrease hepatic glucose production and intestinal absorption of glucose and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization through activation of AMPK

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5
Q

Alendronate

A

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction

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6
Q

Glyburide

A

Lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets

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7
Q

Teriparitide

A

Stimulates new bone formation/growth

• Stimulates osteoblast function, increases calcium absorption from GI tract & kidneys

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8
Q

Insulin glargine

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

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9
Q

Empagliflozin**

A

Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, leads to reduced reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen and lowers the renal threshold for glucose

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption

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11
Q

Unfractionated heparin

A

Binds to antithrombin and accelerates antithrombin’s ability to inhibit factors IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, IIa

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12
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Increase insulin sensitivity by affecting PPAR-y. Decreases insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver

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13
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation by selectively and reversibly inhibiting factor Xa

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14
Q

Vancomycin

A

Bind to D-alanyl-D-alanine in the growing bacterial cell wall, preventing the elongation of peptidoglycan strands and halting cell wall synthesis.

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15
Q

Darbepoetin alfa

A

Glycoprotein that stimulates RBC production. Stimulates division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow

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16
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Synthetic T4 that functions to replace deficient levels of thyroid hormone
• Believed to be exerted through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis

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17
Q

Penicillin

A

Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins). Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

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18
Q

Apixaban**

A

Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation by selectively and reversibly inhibiting factor Xa

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19
Q

Benztropine

A

Decrease activity of acetylcholine to balance out the production of dopamine and ACh

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20
Q

Nystatin

A

Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell wall, causing cell-wall instability and leakage of cytoplasmic contents

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21
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Prevent unraveling of DNA off histones → Deacetylation
• Cause lysis and redistribution of lymphocytes resulting in a reduction in total blood lymphocyte numbers
• Increase apoptosis of lymphocytes
• Inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines

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22
Q

Ibandronate

A

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction

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23
Q

Exenatide**

A
  • Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Decreases/inhibits glucagon secretion
  • Increases B-cel growth/replication
  • Slows gastric emptying/decreases foot intake and promotes satiety
24
Q

Cephalexin

A

Inhibits bacterial cell growth in susceptible bacteria by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin binding proteins) thus preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, therby inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

25
Risedronate
Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction
26
Insulin NPH
Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
27
Glimepiride
Lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets
28
Alteplase
Tissue plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA. Hs high affinity to fibrin bound plasminogen that stimulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots
29
Dulaglutide**
* Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion * Decreases/inhibits glucagon secretion * Increases B-cel growth/replication * Slows gastric emptying/decreases foot intake and promotes satiety
30
Clindamycin
Binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, suppressing protein synthesis
31
Methylprednisolone
Prevent unraveling of DNA off histones → Deacetylation • Cause lysis and redistribution of lymphocytes resulting in a reduction in total blood lymphocyte numbers • Increase apoptosis of lymphocytes • Inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines
32
Prasugrel
Irreversibly inhibit platelet aggregation by selectively blocking adenosine diphosphate binding to its platelet receptor and the subsequent ADP mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation
33
Allopurinol
Decreases production of uric acid by blocking the action of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine and then xanthine to uric acid
34
Insulin lispro
Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
35
Amphotericin B
Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell wall, causing cell-wall instability and leakage of cytoplasmic contents
36
Raloxifene
Mixed agonist/antagonist (estrogenic effects) • Agonist action in bone • Antagonist breast and uterine tissue
37
Daptomycin
Inserts itself into the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria through a calcium dependent process, leading to holes in the membrane that leak essential intracellular cations and cell death
38
Insulin detemir
Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
39
Meclizine
Centrally acting agent with anticholinergic, antihistaminic and antiemetic activity; decrease excitability of the labyrinth of the middle ear and block conduction of the middle ear vestibular pathways
40
Insulin aspart
Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
41
Filgrastim
Human granulocyte colony stimulating factors. regulates the production of neutrophils within bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, differentiation and selected end-cell functional activation
42
Warfarin
Inhibits carboxylation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X; increases time it takes blood to clot
43
Canagliflozin**
Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, leads to reduced reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen and lowers the renal threshold for glucose
44
Insulin Regular
Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
45
Clopidogrel
Irreversibly inhibit platelet aggregation by selectively blocking adenosine diphosphate binding to its platelet receptor and the subsequent ADP mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation
46
Glipizide
Lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets
47
Pegfilgrastim
Human granulocyte colony stimulating factors. regulates the production of neutrophils within bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, differentiation and selected end-cell functional activation
48
Enoxaparin
Binds to antithrombin and accelerates antithrombin's ability to inhibit factors Xa, IIa
49
Insulin glulisine
Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
50
Prednisone
Prevent unraveling of DNA off histones → Deacetylation • Cause lysis and redistribution of lymphocytes resulting in a reduction in total blood lymphocyte numbers • Increase apoptosis of lymphocytes • Inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines
51
Zolendronic acid
Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction
52
Aspirin, Dipyridamole
Aspirin irreverisibly inhibits COX enzyme while dipyridamole decreases platelet aggregation and platelet activation by increasing endogenous concentrations of adenosine & cAMP
53
Sitagliptin
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme enhancing activity of active Glucagon like peptide increasing glucose dependent insulin secretion and decreasing levels of circulating glucagon ad hepatic glucose production
54
Linagliptin
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme enhancing activity of active Glucagon like peptide increasing glucose dependent insulin secretion and decreasing levels of circulating glucagon ad hepatic glucose production
55
Liraglutide
* Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion * Decreases/inhibits glucagon secretion * Increases B-cel growth/replication * Slows gastric emptying/decreases foot intake and promotes satiety
56
Cefazolin
Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins). Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall
57
Ceftriaxone
Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins). Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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