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Pharmacology > Drug quiz 2 MOA > Flashcards

Drug quiz 2 MOA Flashcards

1
Q

Epoetin alfa

A

Glycoprotein that stimulates RBC production. Stimulates division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Reversibly inhibit coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects, such as cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation

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3
Q

Dabigatran

A

Reversibly inhibit coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects, such as cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation

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4
Q

Metformin

A

Improve glucose tolerance by lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Decrease hepatic glucose production and intestinal absorption of glucose and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization through activation of AMPK

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5
Q

Alendronate

A

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction

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6
Q

Glyburide

A

Lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets

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7
Q

Teriparitide

A

Stimulates new bone formation/growth

• Stimulates osteoblast function, increases calcium absorption from GI tract & kidneys

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8
Q

Insulin glargine

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

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9
Q

Empagliflozin**

A

Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, leads to reduced reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen and lowers the renal threshold for glucose

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption

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11
Q

Unfractionated heparin

A

Binds to antithrombin and accelerates antithrombin’s ability to inhibit factors IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, IIa

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12
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Increase insulin sensitivity by affecting PPAR-y. Decreases insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver

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13
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation by selectively and reversibly inhibiting factor Xa

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14
Q

Vancomycin

A

Bind to D-alanyl-D-alanine in the growing bacterial cell wall, preventing the elongation of peptidoglycan strands and halting cell wall synthesis.

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15
Q

Darbepoetin alfa

A

Glycoprotein that stimulates RBC production. Stimulates division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow

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16
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Synthetic T4 that functions to replace deficient levels of thyroid hormone
• Believed to be exerted through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis

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17
Q

Penicillin

A

Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins). Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

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18
Q

Apixaban**

A

Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation by selectively and reversibly inhibiting factor Xa

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19
Q

Benztropine

A

Decrease activity of acetylcholine to balance out the production of dopamine and ACh

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20
Q

Nystatin

A

Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell wall, causing cell-wall instability and leakage of cytoplasmic contents

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21
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Prevent unraveling of DNA off histones → Deacetylation
• Cause lysis and redistribution of lymphocytes resulting in a reduction in total blood lymphocyte numbers
• Increase apoptosis of lymphocytes
• Inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines

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22
Q

Ibandronate

A

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction

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23
Q

Exenatide**

A
  • Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Decreases/inhibits glucagon secretion
  • Increases B-cel growth/replication
  • Slows gastric emptying/decreases foot intake and promotes satiety
24
Q

Cephalexin

A

Inhibits bacterial cell growth in susceptible bacteria by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin binding proteins) thus preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, therby inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

25
Q

Risedronate

A

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction

26
Q

Insulin NPH

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

27
Q

Glimepiride

A

Lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets

28
Q

Alteplase

A

Tissue plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA. Hs high affinity to fibrin bound plasminogen that stimulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots

29
Q

Dulaglutide**

A
  • Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Decreases/inhibits glucagon secretion
  • Increases B-cel growth/replication
  • Slows gastric emptying/decreases foot intake and promotes satiety
30
Q

Clindamycin

A

Binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, suppressing protein synthesis

31
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

Prevent unraveling of DNA off histones → Deacetylation
• Cause lysis and redistribution of lymphocytes resulting in a reduction in total blood lymphocyte numbers
• Increase apoptosis of lymphocytes
• Inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines

32
Q

Prasugrel

A

Irreversibly inhibit platelet aggregation by selectively blocking adenosine diphosphate binding to its platelet receptor and the subsequent ADP mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation

33
Q

Allopurinol

A

Decreases production of uric acid by blocking the action of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine and then xanthine to uric acid

34
Q

Insulin lispro

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

35
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell wall, causing cell-wall instability and leakage of cytoplasmic contents

36
Q

Raloxifene

A

Mixed agonist/antagonist (estrogenic effects)
• Agonist action in bone
• Antagonist breast and uterine tissue

37
Q

Daptomycin

A

Inserts itself into the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria through a calcium dependent process, leading to holes in the membrane that leak essential intracellular cations and cell death

38
Q

Insulin detemir

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

39
Q

Meclizine

A

Centrally acting agent with anticholinergic, antihistaminic and antiemetic activity; decrease excitability of the labyrinth of the middle ear and block conduction of the middle ear vestibular pathways

40
Q

Insulin aspart

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

41
Q

Filgrastim

A

Human granulocyte colony stimulating factors. regulates the production of neutrophils within bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, differentiation and selected end-cell functional activation

42
Q

Warfarin

A

Inhibits carboxylation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X; increases time it takes blood to clot

43
Q

Canagliflozin**

A

Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, leads to reduced reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen and lowers the renal threshold for glucose

44
Q

Insulin Regular

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

45
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Irreversibly inhibit platelet aggregation by selectively blocking adenosine diphosphate binding to its platelet receptor and the subsequent ADP mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation

46
Q

Glipizide

A

Lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets

47
Q

Pegfilgrastim

A

Human granulocyte colony stimulating factors. regulates the production of neutrophils within bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, differentiation and selected end-cell functional activation

48
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Binds to antithrombin and accelerates antithrombin’s ability to inhibit factors Xa, IIa

49
Q

Insulin glulisine

A

Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production

50
Q

Prednisone

A

Prevent unraveling of DNA off histones → Deacetylation
• Cause lysis and redistribution of lymphocytes resulting in a reduction in total blood lymphocyte numbers
• Increase apoptosis of lymphocytes
• Inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines

51
Q

Zolendronic acid

A

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption – decreased osteoclast activity and the prevention of bone destruction

52
Q

Aspirin, Dipyridamole

A

Aspirin irreverisibly inhibits COX enzyme while dipyridamole decreases platelet aggregation and platelet activation by increasing endogenous concentrations of adenosine & cAMP

53
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme enhancing activity of active Glucagon like peptide increasing glucose dependent insulin secretion and decreasing levels of circulating glucagon ad hepatic glucose production

54
Q

Linagliptin

A

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme enhancing activity of active Glucagon like peptide increasing glucose dependent insulin secretion and decreasing levels of circulating glucagon ad hepatic glucose production

55
Q

Liraglutide

A
  • Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Decreases/inhibits glucagon secretion
  • Increases B-cel growth/replication
  • Slows gastric emptying/decreases foot intake and promotes satiety
56
Q

Cefazolin

A

Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins). Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

57
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Inhibits transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins). Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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