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CABS MSK exam > Sprains strains and fractures > Flashcards

Sprains strains and fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a linear fracture

A

Fx that runs along the axis to the bone, parallel to the outer cortex

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2
Q

What is the most common fracture orientation

A

Transverse

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3
Q

What is a transverse fracture and how does it occur

A

Fx line perpendicular to the length of the bone

involves are cortices

Can be displaced

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4
Q

What is an oblique fracture

A

Fx line that runs diagonally to the length of the bone

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5
Q

How is an oblique fx different from a spiral fx

A

Oblique is shorter than spiral

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6
Q

What is a spiral fx

A

Fx that runs around the bone encircling it

Look for rotational lines and listen to hx

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7
Q

What causes a spiral fx

A

High energy impact

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8
Q

What is an impacted fx

A

Fx fragments get pushed together (Typically in vertebrae)

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9
Q

What disease is often associated with compression fx

A

Osteoporosis

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10
Q

What is an enthesis

A

Insertion site for a tendon or ligament

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11
Q

What is an adventitious bursa

A

Those that develop over time, secondary to chronic friction

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12
Q

If a patient comes in with normal ROM, Swelling, Warmth, and erythema over a joint… what might their diagnosis be

A

Bursitis

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13
Q

Which type of bursa are more likely to become infected

A

Superficial

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14
Q

What is generally the mechanism behind a muscle strain

A

Quick, forced motion such that muscles are strained beyond normal

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15
Q

What is a grade 1 muscle strain

A

Pain but no deformity, seen in untrained athletes

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16
Q

What is a grade 2 muscle strain

A

Muscle body is intact but there are some torn fibers, swelling, pain, and bruising

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17
Q

What is a grade 3 muscle strain

A

Trauma resulting in tearing of fascia and muscle. Will see notable deformity

18
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a transverse fx

A

Direct blow to the bone

19
Q

What is an avulsion fx

A

Piece of bone breaks off at the ligament or tendon insertion site

20
Q

What is an intracapsular fx

A

Fx line that extends into the joint capsule

21
Q

If a patient comes in with an intracapsular fx what are they at higher risk for

A

Osteoarthritis and long term joint dysfunction

22
Q

What is an extra capsular fx

A

Joint capsule is not violated

23
Q

What is a greenstick fx

A

Outer cortex of one side of the bone fractures with splintering extending into the spongy bone

24
Q

Who generally gets greenstick fx

A

Children and elderly

25
Q

Which bone is generally affected by a greenstick fx

A

Tibia, radius, ulna

26
Q

What is another name for a buckle fx

A

Torus fx

27
Q

What is a buckle fx

A

Cortex squishes down and bulges outward but the bone does not break

28
Q

What is the mechanism of injury with a buckle fx

A

FOOSH
Axial loading of the bone

29
Q

What is a bowing fx

A

Bone will bend instead of break

30
Q

What is the mechanism of injury with a bowing fx

A

Longitudinal force

31
Q

What is a stress fx

A

pathological fx where the stress placed on the bone is greater than it can handle

32
Q

What type of people generally have stress fx

A

Military or runners

33
Q

Which bones are generally affected by stress fx

A

Lower extremities

Spine in elderly

34
Q

What is a pathologic fracture

A

Fracture that occurs at the site of disease or weakness

35
Q

What pathologies can lead to a pathologic fx

A

Osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, bone tumor

36
Q

Where are the most common areas for a pathologic fx

A

Subtrochanteric, humeral head, and vertebral body

37
Q

What are the two different forms of the healing process

A

Direct and indirect

38
Q

What is part of the direct healing process

A

Primary healing of the cortex (Bone aligns)
Often through ORIF

39
Q

What is part of the indirect healing process

A

Secondary healing where callus forms around uneven bone surfaces, eventually leading to remodeling

40
Q

What is a non-union healing complication

A

Gap edges between the fracture pieces of bone fills with tissue instead of bone

41
Q

What is a delayed union healing process

A

Healing is still occurring 8-9 months after initial injury

42
Q

What is a malunion healing complication

A

Incorrect alignment of bone

CABS MSK exam (9 decks)

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