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CABS MSK exam > Skull pathophys > Flashcards

Skull pathophys Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three fossa within the skull

A

Anterior
middle
posterior

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2
Q

What makes up the hard palate

A

Maxilla
Palatine bone

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3
Q

What comes through the foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord and vertebral arteries

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4
Q

What are the types of skull trauma

A

Basilar
depressed
orbital
scalp lac

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5
Q

What are the layers of the skull (outside to inside)

A

skin
periosteum
bone
periostea
meninges

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6
Q

What is important to think about with skull fractures

A

The surrounding structures

TBI
CSF leak
C-spine injury

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7
Q

What is the thinnest bone on the adult skull

A

temporal

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8
Q

What skull fractures have a higher rate of complications

A

When the fracture involves high vascular area

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9
Q

What type of fracture has a higher risk of infection

A

open fracture or fracture involving the sinus

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10
Q

How does a skull fracture present

A

Hematoma
depression or step off
neurologic findings
periorbital or retroauricular bruising
hemotympanum

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11
Q

What is a linear skull fracture

A

Fx that goes through the entire calvarium

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12
Q

Where are linear fractures most common

A

temporal, frontal or occipital

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13
Q

What does a linear skull Fx look like

A

diastases at suture lines

not typically life threatening

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14
Q

What is a depressed skull Fx

A

section of skull pushed inward by significant external force

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15
Q

What is often associated with depressed skull fractures

A

parenchymal injury or intracranial hemorrhage

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16
Q

What are some complications with depressed skull fractures

A

seizures
infection
high morbidity / mortality

open to dura which increases risk of infection (most are open fx)

17
Q

What is a basilar skull fx

A

base of the skull gets fractured

18
Q

What bones are broken in a basilar skull fx

A

cribriform plate
orbital plate
petrous aspect of temporal bone
sphenoid
occipital bone

19
Q

What is the presentation of an anterior basilar skull fx

A

raccoon eyes
evidence of CSF leak
change in vision / smell
change in EOM

20
Q

What is the presentation of a middle basilar skull fx

A

loss of hearing/balance
carotid artery injury
battle sign

21
Q

What is a “battle sign”

A

Bruising behind the ear

22
Q

What is the presentation for a posterior basilar skull fx

A

vertebral artery injury
c-spine injury

23
Q

What bones make up the orbit

A

sphenoid bone
lacrimal bone
Palentine bone
maxilla
zygomatic
ethmoid
frontal

24
Q

What is the most common orbital fracture

A

orbital zygomatic

25
Q

What is a potential complication of a fx of the nasoethmoid bone

A

entrapment of the medial cantal ligament, lacrimal duct or medial rectus

26
Q

What are the complications of an orbital floor fx

A

inferior rector muscle may become entrapped causing decreased EOM

Infraorbital nerve entrapment

27
Q

What is the biggest concern with orbital roof fx and who are they seen in most commonly

A

Children

concern for intracranial injury

28
Q

What is the biggest concern with a zygomatic fracture

A

facial nerve palsy from injury to infraorbital nerve or zygomaticotemporal nerve

29
Q

What is the purpose of a fontanel

A

allow for brain growth

30
Q

What is craniosynostosis

A

premature closure of cranial sutures

31
Q

When do the skull sutures typically seal

A

18-20 months

32
Q

What suture closes prematurely most often

A

Sagittal

33
Q

What are some things that commonly are associated with craniosynostosis

A

abnormal dural attachment sites

intrinsic abnormality with increased osteoblastic activity

hyperthyroidism

medication in utero

34
Q

What is positional plagiocephaly

A

Flat spot from being on their back too long

35
Q

What may be done to correct craniosynostosis

A

A surgical spacer may be placed

36
Q

What may cause mastoiditis

A

untreated otitis media

37
Q

How does otitis media cause mastoiditis

A

the area becomes blocked and unable to drain

38
Q

What pathogen is associated with mastoiditis

A

s. pneumoniae

streptococcus pyogenes

p. Aeruginosa

39
Q

What are the common symptoms of mastoiditis

A

typical otitis media findings plus…

pain
erythema
swelling

all around the mastoid

CABS MSK exam (9 decks)

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