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CABS MSK exam > Misc. MSK info > Flashcards

Misc. MSK info Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in the first 6 hours of a joint being immobilized

A

Muscle fiber protein synthesis decreases

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2
Q

What happens in the first 24 hours of joint immobilization

A

Shortening of the muscle fibers

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3
Q

What happens within the first 48 hours of immobilization of a joint

A

Tissue surrounding the muscle fibers have increased collagen deposition

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4
Q

When is a goniometer used

A

Getting accurate joint measurements

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5
Q

What is the most common physical symptom associated with stress and anxiety

A

Stress induced muscle tension

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6
Q

What are tension heads caused by

A

muscle spasms in the neck

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7
Q

What is fibromyalgia

A

Diffuse pain without the structural changes that cause the discomfort

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8
Q

How does fibromyalgia present

A

Pain along fibromyalgia tender points
Decreased ability to inhibit pain
Increased perceived pain
Increased sensation of other stimuli

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9
Q

What are some causes of fibromyalgia

A

Genetic predisposition
Increased substance P in CSF
Serotonin / catecholamine signaling pathways
Decreased overall gray matter
Reduced pain improvement with positive emotion

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10
Q

What are the causes of viral myositis

A

A&B influenza
enterovirus

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11
Q

What does viral myositis lead to

A

muscle necrosis

in extremes can lead to rhabdo or compartment syndrome

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12
Q

What are the causes of bacterial myositis

A

Typically hematogenous spread of a pathogen

pyomyositis (abscess)

S. aureus

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13
Q

What area of the body is most commonly effects with bacterial myositis

A

Legs (pain cramping, discomfort)

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14
Q

What are the causes of parasitic myositis

A

Trichinosis
cysticercosis
Toxoplasmosis
* generally from travel

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15
Q

What is polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

Immune mediated myopathy

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16
Q

What muscle groups are typically effected by polymyositis

A

Proximal with symmetrical muscle weakness

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17
Q

What are the skin presentations that occur with dermatomyositis

A

Gottron papules
heliotrope eruption
facial erythema
holster sign

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18
Q

What is inclusion body myositis

A

idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

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19
Q

Where is inclusion body myositis typically seen

A

Distal finger flexor with asymmetric weakness

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20
Q

What does rhabdomyolysis eventually lead to

A

myoglobinuria from the circulating intracellular contents

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21
Q

What does the shift of the intracellular products during rhabdomyolysis cause

A

Disruption of the NA+K+ATPase pumps and increased intracellular calcium

22
Q

What are complications that can occur with rhabdo

A

Acute kidney injury
Compartment syndrome
DIC

23
Q

How will rhabdo present

A

Myalgia
red/brown urine
Malaise
fever
tachycardia

24
Q

What is the cause of osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D deficiency
malabsorption
hypophosphatemia
ETOH abuse
tumors
drugs

25
Q

How does osteomalacia present

A

Bone and muscle pain
Increased fracture frequency
fatigue

26
Q

What disease causes an insufficient mineralization of the growth plate

A

Rickets

27
Q

What is the cause of rickets

A

Inadequate calcium and/or phosphate

28
Q

In rickets, what will happen in abutting bones

A

osteoid accumulates

29
Q

What is an osteoid

A

Unmineralized bone

30
Q

What is calcipenic rickets associated with

A

Low vitamin D or inability to metabolize vitamin D into their active form

31
Q

What is the most common cause of phosphopenic rickets

A

Renal phosphate wasting

32
Q

In what disease does the osteoclastic activity outweigh the osteoblastic activity during remodeling

A

Osteoporosis / osteopenia

33
Q

What is another name for osteitis deformans

A

Pagets disease

34
Q

What is pagets disease

A

Idiopathic dysregulation of bone remodeling resulting in enlarged, deformed bones

35
Q

What happens cellularly with pagets disease

A

Hyperactive osteoclastic activity followed by abnormal osteoblastic activity

36
Q

What is the most common presentation of pagets disease

A

Hip pain

37
Q

What can happen with vitamin D deficiency

A

Hypocalcemia
hypophosphatemia
Rickets
osteomalacia

38
Q

What occurs with hypocalcemia

A

Decreased circulating calcium causes an increase in parathyroid function = more bone breakdown

39
Q

If a patient has a femoral neck fracture that leads to AVN, what vessel was damaged

A

Circumflex (will experience groin pain from AVN)

40
Q

What can cause a meniscal tear

A

Twisting with planted foot
squatting

41
Q

What is the psoas sign and how do you test it

A

Stretch to test it
Can test for appendicitis

42
Q

What can cause an anterior hip dislocation

A

Ski tip gets stuck and lead to external rotation and abduction of the leg

43
Q

What ligament tears with a patellar dislocation

A

Retinaculum

44
Q

What ligament do you tear with an ankle sprain

A

ATFL

45
Q

what is a Liz franc fracture

A

Separating of metatarsal bones

  • need wt bearing and non wt bearing films
46
Q

What is the diabetic foot collapse known as

A

Charcots foot

47
Q

Why is staph aureus so hard to treat

A

It has coagulase and created a biofilm

Also inhibits osteoblast activity

48
Q

Why are uncontrolled diabetics considered immunocompromised

A

Glucose messes with PMNs

49
Q

What can excessive alcohol cause

A

Leaky gut

50
Q

What does CREST stand for

A

Calcinosis
Raynauds
esophageal
sclerodactyly
telangiectasia

51
Q

Where is the neuromuscular bundle in the ribs found

A

In the costal groove

CABS MSK exam (9 decks)

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