Joints overview Flashcards
What is another name for a joint
Articulation
How are joints classified
shape
degree of movement
involved CT
what does Synarthrosis mean
Immovable
What does amphiarthrosis mean
some movement
What does diarthrosis mean
Mobile
What are the three main types of connective tissue
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What is a fibrous joint
Direct connection of bone to bone via fibrous CT
What are the main types of fibrous joints
Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
What is a suture fibrous joint
Interlocking of flat bones with dense fibrous tissue
What is a syndesmosis joint
Ligaments are attached to permit some movement
What is a gomphosis joint
Projection from one bone will fit into socket with stability gained from ligament
What is a cartilaginous joint
Slightly mobile joint held together with cartilage
What are the main types of cartilaginous joints
Symphyses
synchondrosis
What is a symphyses joint
Connected via a pad/disk of fibrocartilage allowing for shock absorption (Costal)
What is a synchondroses joint
Bones connected via hyaline cartilage (Epiphyseal plate)
What are the main types of cartilage
Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic
What is the function of hyaline cartilage
Shear at the surface with compressive viscoelastic behavior
What is the function of fibrous cartilage
Compressive tensile hoop (Tense/tough)
Provides the tough material of the intervertebral spaces
What is the function of elastic cartilage
Highly elastic and Durable
How do synovial joint move
Diarthrosis (greatest mobility)
What are the parts of synovial joints from the outside in
Fibrous joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
What is the joint capsule created by
White fibrous tissue
What do nerves in the joint capsule allow for
Sensation and direction of movement
How is the joint capsule attached to the periosteum
Sharpey fibers
Where is the synovial membrane found
Inner layer of the joint capsule
Adhered to the nonarticular surface
What are the 2 layers of the synovial membrane
Outer aspect: Vascular, subintima layer
Inner layer: intima
What cells are found in the outer aspect of the synovial membrane
Leukocytes
Elastin
Fibrous tissue
What cells are found in the intimate later of the synovial membrane
Synovial cells
What are the types of synovial cells
A. Phagocytes
B. Secrete hyaluronate
What does hyaluronate do
Makes the joint fluid viscous (oily)
What is synovial fluid
Highly filtrated plasma with bound hyaluronate that lubricates the joint
brings nutrients to the articular cartilage
Does articular cartilage contain blood?
no
What type of cartilage does the periosteum not cover
Articular
What covers the articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage (2-5mm thick)
What is articular cartilage made up of
cross-linked collagen fibers and chondrocytes
high water content
What is the purpose of articular cartilage
Decrease joint friction
What do proteoglycans do
Pump fluid into the cartilage and reabsorb the synovial fluid
What is a condyloid joint
Similar to ball and socket
allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
What is an example of the saddle joint
Thumb
What type of joint have the maximal amount of mobility
Ball and socket
