Joints overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for a joint

A

Articulation

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2
Q

How are joints classified

A

shape
degree of movement
involved CT

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3
Q

what does Synarthrosis mean

A

Immovable

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4
Q

What does amphiarthrosis mean

A

some movement

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5
Q

What does diarthrosis mean

A

Mobile

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6
Q

What are the three main types of connective tissue

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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7
Q

What is a fibrous joint

A

Direct connection of bone to bone via fibrous CT

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8
Q

What are the main types of fibrous joints

A

Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis

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9
Q

What is a suture fibrous joint

A

Interlocking of flat bones with dense fibrous tissue

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10
Q

What is a syndesmosis joint

A

Ligaments are attached to permit some movement

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11
Q

What is a gomphosis joint

A

Projection from one bone will fit into socket with stability gained from ligament

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12
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint

A

Slightly mobile joint held together with cartilage

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13
Q

What are the main types of cartilaginous joints

A

Symphyses
synchondrosis

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14
Q

What is a symphyses joint

A

Connected via a pad/disk of fibrocartilage allowing for shock absorption (Costal)

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15
Q

What is a synchondroses joint

A

Bones connected via hyaline cartilage (Epiphyseal plate)

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16
Q

What are the main types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic

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17
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage

A

Shear at the surface with compressive viscoelastic behavior

18
Q

What is the function of fibrous cartilage

A

Compressive tensile hoop (Tense/tough)

Provides the tough material of the intervertebral spaces

19
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage

A

Highly elastic and Durable

20
Q

How do synovial joint move

A

Diarthrosis (greatest mobility)

21
Q

What are the parts of synovial joints from the outside in

A

Fibrous joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage

22
Q

What is the joint capsule created by

A

White fibrous tissue

23
Q

What do nerves in the joint capsule allow for

A

Sensation and direction of movement

24
Q

How is the joint capsule attached to the periosteum

A

Sharpey fibers

25
Q

Where is the synovial membrane found

A

Inner layer of the joint capsule

Adhered to the nonarticular surface

26
Q

What are the 2 layers of the synovial membrane

A

Outer aspect: Vascular, subintima layer

Inner layer: intima

27
Q

What cells are found in the outer aspect of the synovial membrane

A

Leukocytes
Elastin
Fibrous tissue

28
Q

What cells are found in the intimate later of the synovial membrane

A

Synovial cells

29
Q

What are the types of synovial cells

A

A. Phagocytes
B. Secrete hyaluronate

30
Q

What does hyaluronate do

A

Makes the joint fluid viscous (oily)

31
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

Highly filtrated plasma with bound hyaluronate that lubricates the joint

brings nutrients to the articular cartilage

32
Q

Does articular cartilage contain blood?

A

no

33
Q

What type of cartilage does the periosteum not cover

A

Articular

34
Q

What covers the articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage (2-5mm thick)

35
Q

What is articular cartilage made up of

A

cross-linked collagen fibers and chondrocytes

high water content

36
Q

What is the purpose of articular cartilage

A

Decrease joint friction

37
Q

What do proteoglycans do

A

Pump fluid into the cartilage and reabsorb the synovial fluid

38
Q

What is a condyloid joint

A

Similar to ball and socket

allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

39
Q

What is an example of the saddle joint

A

Thumb

40
Q

What type of joint have the maximal amount of mobility

A

Ball and socket