Sports Psychology - Personality And Attitude

Question 1

What is the trait theory?

Answer 1

This is a theory that suggests we are born with characteristics called traits which are stable, consistent and enduring.

Question 2

What is the Social learning approach

Answer 2

This theory suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation. We learn from people we hold in high esteem.

Question 3

What is the interactionist perspective

Answer 3

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation.

Question 4

What are the 3 features of Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory?

Answer 4

1) The core of the performer
2) Typical responses
3) Role related behaviour

Question 5

What is the core of an individual?

Answer 5

Their values and beliefs

Question 6

Describe role related behaviour

Answer 6

Suggests that a performer may adapt or adopt a very specific role when the situation demands.

Question 7

What are the 4 steps to Bandura’s social learning theory?

Answer 7

• Observe
• Identify
• Reinforced
• Copy

Question 8

What are the three parts to an individual’s attitude (CAB)

Answer 8

Cognitive - Your beliefs and thoughts
Affective - Your feelings or emotional response
Behavioural - Your actions or intended behaviour

Question 9

What are the two concepts which show how an attitude can be changed

Answer 9

• Cognitive dissonance

- Persuasive communication

Question 10

Define cognitive dissonance

Answer 10

New information given to the performer to cause unease and motivation to change

Question 11

What are the 4 ways cognitive dissonance can be done

Answer 11

• Give new information to promote a person to question their current behaviour and motivate them to change.
• Making the activity more fun than expected
• Using rewards to promote positive behaviour
• Bring in a specialist role model to promote the topic

Question 12

Define attitude

Answer 12

Attitudes are values aimed at an attitude object.

Question 13

How are attitudes formed

Answer 13

They are formed via socialisation.

Question 14

What are the 5 requirements which are needed for persuasive communication to be effective and work.

Answer 14

1) The message needs to be understood
2) The information needs to be new and quality
3) Situation of when the message is given is important
4) New information should outweigh old beliefs
5) The message should by given by someone of high status.

Question 15

What is the formula for the interactionist perspective?

Answer 15

B = f ( P x E ) Behaviour = function of personality times environment