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A-level PE Mr Manley > Sports Psychology - Arousal And Anxiety > Flashcards

Sports Psychology - Arousal And Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Define arousal.

A

An energised state, a readiness to perform.

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2
Q

What is the drive theory and what does it suggest.

A

The drive theory is a theory for arousal which states that as arousal in an individual increases, performance quality also increases in a linear fashion.

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3
Q

What is the formula for the drive theory?

A

P = f ( D x H)

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4
Q

What are the 3 theories which link arousal and performance quality?

A
  • The drive theory
  • The inverted - U theory
  • The catastrophe theory
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5
Q

What is the optimal zone of functioning?

A

The area of controlled arousal and high performance quality.

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6
Q

What does the inverted U theory suggest about arousal and performance?

A

The theory suggests that increased arousal improves performance but only to a moderate level, where more arousal causes performance to suffer.

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7
Q

Why is a moderate level of arousal not always best for a performer?

A

This is because many sports require a high level of arousal such as boxing where if you have a moderate level of arousal, your performance will suffer.

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8
Q

What does the catastrophe theory suggest about arousal and performance?

A

The theory suggests that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance quality when arousal increases beyond the optimal.

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9
Q

What are 6 ways which under arousal affects performance negatively?

A
  • Social loafing
  • Ringelman effect
  • Slower reaction time
  • Attentional wastage
  • Attentional narrowing
  • Failed to reach zone of optimal functioning
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10
Q

What are 6 ways over arousal impacts performance quality negatively?

A
  • Slower reaction time
  • Attentional wastage
  • Attentional narrowing
  • Failed to reach zone of optimal functioning
  • Violence
  • Break rules
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11
Q

Define attentional wastage.

A

When a performer’s concentration is misdirected to irrelevant cues

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12
Q

Define attentional narrowing

A

When a performer is aroused and focussed on certain cues and ignores others

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13
Q

What is social loafing

A

An individual loss of motivation in a team player

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14
Q

What is the ringelman effect

A

When a team’s performance decreases with group size

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15
Q

What is peak flow performance

A

The ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude, with supreme confidence, focus and efficiency.

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16
Q

Three things felt during peak flow performance.

A
  • Movement of skills feel effortless
  • Physical and mental harmony
  • High levels of confidence
17
Q

What is the dominant response?

A

The response which is brought out more when an athlete’s arousal levels increase.

18
Q

Who will have a better dominant response : an amateur or professional athlete?

A

The professional athlete

19
Q

Define anxiety

A

Anxiety is a negative aspect of stress characterised by irrational thinking, loss of concentration and fear of failure.

20
Q

What is the competitive trait anxiety.

A

A disposition to suffer nerves in most sporting situations due to their personality.

21
Q

What is the competitive state anxiety?

A

Anxiety experienced at a specific time during a competitive situation. (Situation dependent).

22
Q

List 5 characteristics of somatic anxiety.

A
  • Physiological responses
  • Shaking
  • Pacing
  • Sweating
  • Increased HR
23
Q

List the 5 characteristics of cognitive anxiety.

A
  • Psychological responses
  • Irrational thinking (nerves)
  • Worrying
  • Confusion
  • Loss of concentration
24
Q

List 5 causes of anxiety.

A
  • Being watched
  • Playing badly
  • Injury
  • Increased competition
  • Letting the team down
25
Q

What are the 3 ways anxiety can be measured?

A

1) Questionnaires
2) Observation
3) Physiological measures

26
Q

What are the two positives of using a questionnaire to test anxiety?

A
  • Quick, cheap and easy

- Results allow easy comparison

27
Q

What are the 3 negatives of using a questionnaire to test anxiety?

A
  • Inaccurate and untruthful answers may be given because people give socially acceptable answers.
  • Misunderstanding of the questions can occur
  • Answers may depend on mood
28
Q

What are the two positives of using observation to test anxiety

A
  • Cheap and easy

- True to life

29
Q

What are the 4 negatives of using observation to test anxiety

A
  • Based on observer’s opinion (subjective)
  • Must know performer
  • Time consuming
  • Behaviour may change if they know they are being observed
30
Q

What are the two positives of using physiological measures to test anxiety

A
  • It is factual and allows clear comparisons

- Can be measured in real life situations

31
Q

What are the 3 negatives of using physiological measures to test anxiety

A
  • May need training to use the equipment
  • Wearing the device may disrupt performance
  • Equipment is expensive.

A-level PE Mr Manley (7 decks)

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