Sports Medicine Flashcards
Abduction
movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament. One of the main internal “crossed” ligaments inside the knee and
one of the most commonly injured. Injury to this ligament results in increased “anterior drawer”. This
ligament is the main restraint against the tibia siding too far forward on the femur.
ACL Graft
transplanted/ implanted new “ligament” to replace former ACL.
Adduction
movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
ALRI
Anterolateral rotatory instability. This is associated with a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. When this instability occurs, the lateral (outside) plateau of the tibia moves forward when loaded.
AMRI
Anteromedial rotatory instability. this is associated with a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. When this instability occurs, the medial (inside) plateau of the tibia moves
forward when loaded.
Analgesics
Pain relievers, both narcotic and non-narcotic
Anamoly
refers to an anatomical finding which is not considered normal, yet it occurs commonly
enough and without detrimental effects to be considered abnormal. Abnormal findings typically require correction. Anomalous findings typically are asymptomatic and do not require repair.
Anesthetic
medication that is used to put a patient to sleep or to completely numb a local area
Anterior Capsular Repair
refers to the reconstruction of the anterior shoulder ligaments
and capsule. This procedure is performed to correct instability of the shoulder. It can be conducted via an arthrotomy or an arthroscopy.
Anterior Drawer/ Anterior Translocation
Movement of the tibia forward on the
femur. Occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament is torn.
Anterior Labral Repair
a surgical procedure to repair torn labral cartilage in the shoulder
complex. The procedure restores the anatomical position of the torn anterior labrum. This procedure is typically conducted arthroscopically.
Arthritis
by definition literally “inflamed joint”. Commonly used to globally describe
degenerative joint disease.
Arthrogram
an x-ray procedure where dye and air are injected in a joint for contrast. Used to
diagnose tears of the meniscus or cruciate ligaments.
Arthroplastry
a surgical procedure to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional
power of a joint.
Arthroscopy
an examination of the internal structures of the knee using a special small scope
(arthroscope). Removal of the meniscus and repair of the anterior cruciate ligaments are done through
the arthroscope.
Arthrotomy
to surgically open a joint
Articulation
where tow bones meet to make a joint
Articular Surface
the surface junction between two bones forming a joint
Articular Cartilage
Cartilage covering the ends of bones which form a joint
Atrophy
Wasting or reduction in size of tissues following injury or surgery. (Occurs because of disuse)
Bankart Procedure
Surgical technique to treat recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation
Calcaneus
An anatomical term for the heel bone
Capsule
tough fibrous sleeve enclosing a joint
Catheter
a tube used to dispense fluid into a space
Chondromalacia
a painful softening or degeneration of the articular cartilage on the underside of the kneecap. This is frequently associated with an anatomical or biomechanical problem such as patellar subluxation.
Chondroplasty
refers to the surgical process of smoothing chondromalacia within a joint. This can be performed by use of a laser, shaver or heat probe.
Collateral
on the sides, the collater ligaments of the knee are on either side of the knee.
Condyle
a rounded projection on a bone, usually adjacent to a joint
Congenital
existing at birth
Consignment
vendor offers product up front at no charge to customer, customer billed on reorder supplies typically
Contracture
shortening of a ligament, tendon or muscle due to scar formation
Cryotherapy
refers to cold application as a form of medical treatment. Specifically, Polar Care is technique or modality of cryotherapy
DJD
abbreviation for degenerative joint disease
DME
durable medical equipment, wheel chars, 02, bracing…
Degenerative Joint Disease
arthritic caused by thinning or complete wearing away of articular carticlage
Direct Bill
biller bills insurance company directly from office, no 3rd party involvement
Dislocation
occurs when a joint moves beyond the normal joint play intended. Dislocations
are caused by a high force load. A dislocation incurs damage to joint ligaments that stabilize the shoulder.
Distal
farther away from a reference point
Dorsal
refers to anatomical position, typically the back or top if a body part. (i.e.) dorsal hand =
back of the hand, dorsal musculature = back muscles, dorsal fin = fin on top of the fish.
Dorsi Flexion
backward flexion, turning toes or foot upward toward leg
Edema
Swelling
Effusion
Accumulation of fluid in a joint
Epicondyle
a bony prominence above a condyle
Extension
to straighten
External Rotation
rotation of a body segment away from the midline of the body
Fascia
a thick band of fibrous tissue
Femur
thigh bone, runs from pelvis to knee
Fibula
the lateral (outside) and smaller of the two bones in the lower leg
First-Degree Strain/Sprain
stretch or tear of less than 25% of the fibers
Flexion
to bend
Function Knee Brace
knee orthosis to help patient in daily activities
Generucurvatum
Refers to a joint anomoly that is characterized by natural unforced hyperextension
Graft Site
refers to a surgical site from which tissue is being harvested
Hyaline Cartilage
same as articular cartilage. Specific type of cartilage which covers the end of any bone forming a joint surface.
Hyperextension
excessive extension of a body part or to extend beyond the normal range of motion
Inferior
Below or downward
Infusion
in this context, refers to the action of applying fluid into another space via a catheter or needle
Insertion
refers to the location where tissues attach to the bone
Insidious Onset
refers to a mechanism of injury, specifically, the occurrence of symptoms devoid of injury mechanism
Insurance Bill
office bills insurance company for medical services/ products
Internal Derangement
abnormality within a joint
Internal Rotation
rotation of a body part toward the midline of the body
Intramuscular medication
(IM) refers to a location where medication can be infused. The infusion occurs within the muscle tissue and is slowly dissipated and transported via circulation to
other organs of the body.
Intravenous Medication
(IV) refers to the administration of medicine via a catheter or needle directly into the circulatory system. This method is rapidly transported to other organs of the body.
LCL
lateral cruciate ligament
Lateral
denotes a position farthest away from the midline of the body; outside.
Lateral Release
surgical procedure where the retinacular bands which attach to the lateral aspect of the patella are detached.
Laxity
looseness, refers to the condition of a joint when ligaments are torn or disrupted.
Local Analgesic
refers to the medication that is specifically placed into or onto a tissue plane or space. The medication works rapidly in desensitizing the local pain receptors, thus decreasing the amount of pain perceived by the brain.
Local Anesthetic
refers to a medical procedure whereupon a numbing agent is applied to a nerve, nerve plexus, nerve root or spinal cord area to completely block all sensory signals to the spinal cord or brain.
MCL
medial collateral ligament, may be found in the foot, knee, elbow, fingers, hand and toes
Mal-Alignment
refers to body position that is anomalous. Often mal-alignment is great enough to cause abnormal function and symptoms..
Maltracking Knee
abnormal patella tracking causing swelling/pain
Medial
denotes a position closest to the midline of the body; inside.
Medial Collateral Ligament
joins the medial border of the femur to the medial border of the tibia. Most commonly injured knee ligament. Maintains side to side stability of the knee.
Meniscal Repair
defined as a direct surgical repair of a meniscus lesion. It is performed by use of suture or specialized tacks.
Meniscus
fibrocartilage located between the carticular surfaces of the femur and tibia. (No instability is associated with a torn meniscus. Frequently torn at the same time ligaments are injured.)
Modality
refers to the different therapeutic treatments rendered by mechanical and no-mechanical means. Mechanical = ultrasound, electrical simulation, polar care. Non-mechanical = ice packs, heat packs, magnets
Narcotic
in this reference, a class of pain relievers considered a controlled substance. It is some derivative of the opiate family. Typically, narcotics have severe side effects (i.e.) nausea, possible addition, cognitive depression, emotional depression, respiratory depression, urinary depression, constipation.
Necrosis
the death of cells or tissues that form part of a living body
Non-Narcotic
non-opiate type typically not physiologically addictive neither does
it have as severe side effects. Often does not have the same pain masking capabilities neither does it
have the same mind altering effects. Some analgesics are over-the-counter medications. (Tylenol)
OA
osteoarthritis, degenerative/progressive disease characterized by articular cartilage damage and new bone formation in chrondral regions
OTS
off the shelf
Oral Medication
refers to medicine taken by mouth, which is then absorbed by the stomach or
small intestine. Transport of the medicine is via the circulatory system. Action upon targeted tissues may take varying times.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
overuse condition involving irritation/ inflammation-in younger males (ages 10-16) of the juncture of the patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity
Osteochondritis Dissecans
a lesion that affects the subchondral bone and the articular
cartilage of the joint, i.e. in the knee but can also occur in the elbow, ankle, hip and shoulder, possibly
resulting in a loose body within the joint.
PCL
posterior crucial ligament
Patelar Subluxation
the tendency of the patella to partially dislocate repeatedly. Associated with an anatomical abnormality in the knee.
Patella
kneecap
Patellar Alta
high riding or elevated patella position
Patella Baja
lower riding patella position
Patellar Tendon
the large tendon from the quadricep, (thigh) muscles which attaches on and extends the tibia. The patella is incorporated in this tendon.
Patellar Tendonitis
“jumper’s knee”. Chronic overuse lesion typically near patellar tendon insertion site at patella.
Plantar Facsiitis
an inflammation of the plantar fascia, the thick fibrous tissue that runs the length of the long arch on the sole of the foot, resulting in heel pain, stiffness and, potentially, a bone
spur at the attachment site of the plantar fascia and the calcaneus (heel bone).
Plantar Flexion
turning toes or foot downward toward floor
Plica
commonly referring to a fold of synovial tissue around the knee
Portal
(arthroscopic) small surgical incision used during an arthroscopy
Posterior
in back of
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
one of the main internal “crossed” ligaments of the knee.
Primarily responsible for preventing the tibia sliding backward on the femur.
Post-operative
refers to a patient or body part that has received surgical intervention. It can
be used in an unlimited time frame reference.
Post-op Knee Brace
brace typically used for rehabilitation immediately after surgery
Prone
lying face down
Proximal
closest to reference point
Rheumatoid Arthritis
a chronic inflammatory disease involving the joints with a systemic
(heart, vascular, nervous system) origin versus osteoarthritis which is not primarily inflammatory but
more traumatic in origin.
ROM
range of motion
Rotator Cuff
refers to a group of four muscles that form together a common tendon that
controls the primary functional movements of the shoulder complex.
Rotator Cuff Repair
shoulder surgery repairing at least 1 of shoulder muscles.
Rotator Cuff Instability
instability about a vertical axis. Instability in more than one plane
Second-degree Strain/ Sprain
tear of between 25- 75% of the fibers
Sprain
Stretching type of injury to a ligament
Stock & Bill
a program wherein a manufacturer, O&P or DME business places their inventory of
soft goods into a doctor’s office, bills and collects from the respective insurance companies and pays
the doctor’s office a fair and reasonable rent for the space used for storing the soft goods inventory.
Strain
stretch type of injury to a muscle or tendon
Subacromial Decompression
surgical procedure intended to eliminate a pressure
phenomenon upon the rotator cuff. It involves removal of bursa, corocoacromial ligament and bone.
This procedure is typically performed arthroscopically.
Subluxation
partial dislocation or incomplete separation from joint complex
Superior
above
Supine
lying on your back
Syringe
the cylindrical container that holds and applies a force high enough to infuse liquid
medication into the body via a needle or catheter.
Tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or overstress
Third-degree Strain/ Sprain
Complete rupture of the fibers
Tibia
larger and innermost bone of the lower leg
Tubercle
a bump or protuberance
Unicompartmental
a condition (i.e. osteoarthritis) affecting either the medial or lateral side of the knee as opposed to bicompartmental which describes a knee with OA on both the medial and lateral sides of the knee.
Unloading Knee Joint
adding exterior force (knee brace) to offload joint area for improved
joint function.
VMO
Vastus Medialis Obliqus
Valgus
bending toward the midline. Valgus at the knee is a knock-knee
Varus
bending away from the midline. Varus at the knee is bowlegs.
