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Medical Sales College > Sports Medicine > Flashcards

Sports Medicine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abduction

A

movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.

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2
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament. One of the main internal “crossed” ligaments inside the knee and
one of the most commonly injured. Injury to this ligament results in increased “anterior drawer”. This
ligament is the main restraint against the tibia siding too far forward on the femur.

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3
Q

ACL Graft

A

transplanted/ implanted new “ligament” to replace former ACL.

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4
Q

Adduction

A

movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

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5
Q

ALRI

A

Anterolateral rotatory instability. This is associated with a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. When this instability occurs, the lateral (outside) plateau of the tibia moves forward when loaded.

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6
Q

AMRI

A

Anteromedial rotatory instability. this is associated with a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. When this instability occurs, the medial (inside) plateau of the tibia moves
forward when loaded.

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7
Q

Analgesics

A

Pain relievers, both narcotic and non-narcotic

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8
Q

Anamoly

A

refers to an anatomical finding which is not considered normal, yet it occurs commonly
enough and without detrimental effects to be considered abnormal. Abnormal findings typically require correction. Anomalous findings typically are asymptomatic and do not require repair.

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9
Q

Anesthetic

A

medication that is used to put a patient to sleep or to completely numb a local area

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10
Q

Anterior Capsular Repair

A

refers to the reconstruction of the anterior shoulder ligaments
and capsule. This procedure is performed to correct instability of the shoulder. It can be conducted via an arthrotomy or an arthroscopy.

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11
Q

Anterior Drawer/ Anterior Translocation

A

Movement of the tibia forward on the

femur. Occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament is torn.

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12
Q

Anterior Labral Repair

A

a surgical procedure to repair torn labral cartilage in the shoulder
complex. The procedure restores the anatomical position of the torn anterior labrum. This procedure is typically conducted arthroscopically.

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13
Q

Arthritis

A

by definition literally “inflamed joint”. Commonly used to globally describe
degenerative joint disease.

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14
Q

Arthrogram

A

an x-ray procedure where dye and air are injected in a joint for contrast. Used to
diagnose tears of the meniscus or cruciate ligaments.

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15
Q

Arthroplastry

A

a surgical procedure to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional
power of a joint.

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16
Q

Arthroscopy

A

an examination of the internal structures of the knee using a special small scope
(arthroscope). Removal of the meniscus and repair of the anterior cruciate ligaments are done through
the arthroscope.

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17
Q

Arthrotomy

A

to surgically open a joint

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18
Q

Articulation

A

where tow bones meet to make a joint

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19
Q

Articular Surface

A

the surface junction between two bones forming a joint

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20
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Cartilage covering the ends of bones which form a joint

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21
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting or reduction in size of tissues following injury or surgery. (Occurs because of disuse)

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22
Q

Bankart Procedure

A

Surgical technique to treat recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

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23
Q

Calcaneus

A

An anatomical term for the heel bone

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24
Q

Capsule

A

tough fibrous sleeve enclosing a joint

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25
Q

Catheter

A

a tube used to dispense fluid into a space

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26
Q

Chondromalacia

A

a painful softening or degeneration of the articular cartilage on the underside of the kneecap. This is frequently associated with an anatomical or biomechanical problem such as patellar subluxation.

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27
Q

Chondroplasty

A

refers to the surgical process of smoothing chondromalacia within a joint. This can be performed by use of a laser, shaver or heat probe.

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28
Q

Collateral

A

on the sides, the collater ligaments of the knee are on either side of the knee.

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29
Q

Condyle

A

a rounded projection on a bone, usually adjacent to a joint

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30
Q

Congenital

A

existing at birth

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31
Q

Consignment

A

vendor offers product up front at no charge to customer, customer billed on reorder supplies typically

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32
Q

Contracture

A

shortening of a ligament, tendon or muscle due to scar formation

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33
Q

Cryotherapy

A

refers to cold application as a form of medical treatment. Specifically, Polar Care is technique or modality of cryotherapy

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34
Q

DJD

A

abbreviation for degenerative joint disease

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35
Q

DME

A

durable medical equipment, wheel chars, 02, bracing…

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36
Q

Degenerative Joint Disease

A

arthritic caused by thinning or complete wearing away of articular carticlage

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37
Q

Direct Bill

A

biller bills insurance company directly from office, no 3rd party involvement

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38
Q

Dislocation

A

occurs when a joint moves beyond the normal joint play intended. Dislocations
are caused by a high force load. A dislocation incurs damage to joint ligaments that stabilize the shoulder.

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39
Q

Distal

A

farther away from a reference point

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40
Q

Dorsal

A

refers to anatomical position, typically the back or top if a body part. (i.e.) dorsal hand =
back of the hand, dorsal musculature = back muscles, dorsal fin = fin on top of the fish.

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41
Q

Dorsi Flexion

A

backward flexion, turning toes or foot upward toward leg

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42
Q

Edema

A

Swelling

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43
Q

Effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in a joint

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44
Q

Epicondyle

A

a bony prominence above a condyle

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45
Q

Extension

A

to straighten

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46
Q

External Rotation

A

rotation of a body segment away from the midline of the body

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47
Q

Fascia

A

a thick band of fibrous tissue

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48
Q

Femur

A

thigh bone, runs from pelvis to knee

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49
Q

Fibula

A

the lateral (outside) and smaller of the two bones in the lower leg

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50
Q

First-Degree Strain/Sprain

A

stretch or tear of less than 25% of the fibers

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51
Q

Flexion

A

to bend

52
Q

Function Knee Brace

A

knee orthosis to help patient in daily activities

53
Q

Generucurvatum

A

Refers to a joint anomoly that is characterized by natural unforced hyperextension

54
Q

Graft Site

A

refers to a surgical site from which tissue is being harvested

55
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

same as articular cartilage. Specific type of cartilage which covers the end of any bone forming a joint surface.

56
Q

Hyperextension

A

excessive extension of a body part or to extend beyond the normal range of motion

57
Q

Inferior

A

Below or downward

58
Q

Infusion

A

in this context, refers to the action of applying fluid into another space via a catheter or needle

59
Q

Insertion

A

refers to the location where tissues attach to the bone

60
Q

Insidious Onset

A

refers to a mechanism of injury, specifically, the occurrence of symptoms devoid of injury mechanism

61
Q

Insurance Bill

A

office bills insurance company for medical services/ products

62
Q

Internal Derangement

A

abnormality within a joint

63
Q

Internal Rotation

A

rotation of a body part toward the midline of the body

64
Q

Intramuscular medication

A

(IM) refers to a location where medication can be infused. The infusion occurs within the muscle tissue and is slowly dissipated and transported via circulation to
other organs of the body.

65
Q

Intravenous Medication

A

(IV) refers to the administration of medicine via a catheter or needle directly into the circulatory system. This method is rapidly transported to other organs of the body.

66
Q

LCL

A

lateral cruciate ligament

67
Q

Lateral

A

denotes a position farthest away from the midline of the body; outside.

68
Q

Lateral Release

A

surgical procedure where the retinacular bands which attach to the lateral aspect of the patella are detached.

69
Q

Laxity

A

looseness, refers to the condition of a joint when ligaments are torn or disrupted.

70
Q

Local Analgesic

A

refers to the medication that is specifically placed into or onto a tissue plane or space. The medication works rapidly in desensitizing the local pain receptors, thus decreasing the amount of pain perceived by the brain.

71
Q

Local Anesthetic

A

refers to a medical procedure whereupon a numbing agent is applied to a nerve, nerve plexus, nerve root or spinal cord area to completely block all sensory signals to the spinal cord or brain.

72
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament, may be found in the foot, knee, elbow, fingers, hand and toes

73
Q

Mal-Alignment

A

refers to body position that is anomalous. Often mal-alignment is great enough to cause abnormal function and symptoms..

74
Q

Maltracking Knee

A

abnormal patella tracking causing swelling/pain

75
Q

Medial

A

denotes a position closest to the midline of the body; inside.

76
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament

A

joins the medial border of the femur to the medial border of the tibia. Most commonly injured knee ligament. Maintains side to side stability of the knee.

77
Q

Meniscal Repair

A

defined as a direct surgical repair of a meniscus lesion. It is performed by use of suture or specialized tacks.

78
Q

Meniscus

A

fibrocartilage located between the carticular surfaces of the femur and tibia. (No instability is associated with a torn meniscus. Frequently torn at the same time ligaments are injured.)

79
Q

Modality

A

refers to the different therapeutic treatments rendered by mechanical and no-mechanical means. Mechanical = ultrasound, electrical simulation, polar care. Non-mechanical = ice packs, heat packs, magnets

80
Q

Narcotic

A 
in this reference, a class of pain relievers considered a controlled substance. It is some
derivative of the opiate family. Typically, narcotics have severe side effects (i.e.) nausea, possible
addition, cognitive depression, emotional depression, respiratory depression, urinary depression, constipation.
81
Q

Necrosis

A

the death of cells or tissues that form part of a living body

82
Q

Non-Narcotic

A

non-opiate type typically not physiologically addictive neither does
it have as severe side effects. Often does not have the same pain masking capabilities neither does it
have the same mind altering effects. Some analgesics are over-the-counter medications. (Tylenol)

83
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis, degenerative/progressive disease characterized by articular cartilage damage and new bone formation in chrondral regions

84
Q

OTS

A

off the shelf

85
Q

Oral Medication

A

refers to medicine taken by mouth, which is then absorbed by the stomach or
small intestine. Transport of the medicine is via the circulatory system. Action upon targeted tissues may take varying times.

86
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A

overuse condition involving irritation/ inflammation-in younger males (ages 10-16) of the juncture of the patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity

87
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

a lesion that affects the subchondral bone and the articular
cartilage of the joint, i.e. in the knee but can also occur in the elbow, ankle, hip and shoulder, possibly
resulting in a loose body within the joint.

88
Q

PCL

A

posterior crucial ligament

89
Q

Patelar Subluxation

A

the tendency of the patella to partially dislocate repeatedly. Associated with an anatomical abnormality in the knee.

90
Q

Patella

A

kneecap

91
Q

Patellar Alta

A

high riding or elevated patella position

92
Q

Patella Baja

A

lower riding patella position

93
Q

Patellar Tendon

A

the large tendon from the quadricep, (thigh) muscles which attaches on and extends the tibia. The patella is incorporated in this tendon.

94
Q

Patellar Tendonitis

A

“jumper’s knee”. Chronic overuse lesion typically near patellar tendon insertion site at patella.

95
Q

Plantar Facsiitis

A

an inflammation of the plantar fascia, the thick fibrous tissue that runs the length of the long arch on the sole of the foot, resulting in heel pain, stiffness and, potentially, a bone
spur at the attachment site of the plantar fascia and the calcaneus (heel bone).

96
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

turning toes or foot downward toward floor

97
Q

Plica

A

commonly referring to a fold of synovial tissue around the knee

98
Q

Portal

A

(arthroscopic) small surgical incision used during an arthroscopy

99
Q

Posterior

A

in back of

100
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A

one of the main internal “crossed” ligaments of the knee.

Primarily responsible for preventing the tibia sliding backward on the femur.

101
Q

Post-operative

A

refers to a patient or body part that has received surgical intervention. It can
be used in an unlimited time frame reference.

102
Q

Post-op Knee Brace

A

brace typically used for rehabilitation immediately after surgery

103
Q

Prone

A

lying face down

104
Q

Proximal

A

closest to reference point

105
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

a chronic inflammatory disease involving the joints with a systemic
(heart, vascular, nervous system) origin versus osteoarthritis which is not primarily inflammatory but
more traumatic in origin.

106
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

107
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

refers to a group of four muscles that form together a common tendon that
controls the primary functional movements of the shoulder complex.

108
Q

Rotator Cuff Repair

A

shoulder surgery repairing at least 1 of shoulder muscles.

109
Q

Rotator Cuff Instability

A

instability about a vertical axis. Instability in more than one plane

110
Q

Second-degree Strain/ Sprain

A

tear of between 25- 75% of the fibers

111
Q

Sprain

A

Stretching type of injury to a ligament

112
Q

Stock & Bill

A

a program wherein a manufacturer, O&P or DME business places their inventory of
soft goods into a doctor’s office, bills and collects from the respective insurance companies and pays
the doctor’s office a fair and reasonable rent for the space used for storing the soft goods inventory.

113
Q

Strain

A

stretch type of injury to a muscle or tendon

114
Q

Subacromial Decompression

A

surgical procedure intended to eliminate a pressure
phenomenon upon the rotator cuff. It involves removal of bursa, corocoacromial ligament and bone.
This procedure is typically performed arthroscopically.

115
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation or incomplete separation from joint complex

116
Q

Superior

A

above

117
Q

Supine

A

lying on your back

118
Q

Syringe

A

the cylindrical container that holds and applies a force high enough to infuse liquid
medication into the body via a needle or catheter.

119
Q

Tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or overstress

120
Q

Third-degree Strain/ Sprain

A

Complete rupture of the fibers

121
Q

Tibia

A

larger and innermost bone of the lower leg

122
Q

Tubercle

A

a bump or protuberance

123
Q

Unicompartmental

A 
a condition (i.e. osteoarthritis) affecting either the medial or lateral side of the knee as opposed to bicompartmental which describes a knee with OA on both the medial and
lateral sides of the knee.
124
Q

Unloading Knee Joint

A

adding exterior force (knee brace) to offload joint area for improved
joint function.

125
Q

VMO

A

Vastus Medialis Obliqus

126
Q

Valgus

A

bending toward the midline. Valgus at the knee is a knock-knee

127
Q

Varus

A

bending away from the midline. Varus at the knee is bowlegs.

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