ORT - Knee Flashcards
Abduction
the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body
Acetabulum
the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament
Adduction
the movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body
Anatomic Axis
The anatomical axis refers to a line drawn along the length of the intramedullary canal of either the femur or the tibia.
Anteversion
Anteversion means rotated forwards
Arthrodesis
surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones.
Arthrofibrosis
is a complication of injury or trauma where an excessive scar tissue response leads to painful restriction of joint motion, with scar tissue forming within the joint and surrounding soft tissue spaces and persisting despite rehabilitation
Articular Cartilage
is the highly specialized connective tissue of diarthrodial joints. Its principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient
ASIS
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Bilateral
having or relating to two sides; affecting both sides.
Condyles
a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone.
Crepitus
a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone.
Debridement
the removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound.
Degenerative Joint Disease
another term for osteoarthritis. degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints.
Diaphysis
the shaft or central part of a long bone.
Epicondyles
a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone, especially either of the two at the elbow end of the humerus.
Femoral head
The highest part of the thigh bone
Femoral neck
a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.
Femoral offset
the distance from the center of rotation of the femoral head to a line dissecting the long axis of the femur
Femoral roll back
the posterior translation the femur with progressive flexion.
Flexion Contracture
deformity of the knee is the inability to fully straighten the knee
Gap balance
balance the flexion gap before the extension gap
Hypertrophy
the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.
Intercondylar notch
a deep notch between the rear surfaces of the medial and lateral epicondyle of the femur, two protrusions on the distal end of the femur (thigh bone) that joins the knee
Ischium
the curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis.
Kinematics
the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces that cause the motion.
LCL
Lateral collateral ligament
MCL
Medial collateral ligament
Metaphysis
the wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the narrow diaphysis. It contains the growth plate, the part of the bone that grows during childhood and as it grows, it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses
Osteoarthritis
DJD. degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints.
Osteolysis
the pathological destruction or disappearance of bone tissue.
Osteophytes
a bony outgrowth associated with the degeneration of cartilage at joints.
Osteotomy
the surgical cutting of a bone or removal of a piece of bone.
Patella
the kneecap
PCL
Posterior cruciate ligament
PMMA
Polymethyl methacrylate, commonly known as bone cement, and is widely used for implant fixation in various Orthopaedic and trauma surgery.
Prosthesis
an artificial body part, such as a leg, a heart, or a breast implant.
Quad mechanism
extensor mechanism
Radiolucent
transparent to X-rays.
Screw home mechanism
considered to be a key element to knee stability for standing upright, is the rotation between the tibia and femur. It occurs at the end of knee extension, between full extension (0 degrees) and 20 degrees of knee flexion.
Synovium
is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath
Tibial Tuberosity
is a large oblong elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia, just below where the anterior surfaces of the lateral and medial tibial condyles end.
Trochlear Groove
is the concave surface where the patella (kneecap) makes contact with the femur (thighbone).
UHMWPE
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
Valgus
a deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb away from the midline.
Varus
a deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb toward the midline.
Mechanical axis
a line drawn from the centre of the femoral head to the centre of the ankle joint, and passes through the knee just medial to the tibial spine
Retroversion
means rotated backwards
