Biologics

Question 1

Allograft

Answer 1

A tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical.

Question 2

Angiogenesis

Answer 2

the development of new blood vessels.

Question 3

Arthrodesis

Answer 3

surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones.

Question 4

Arthroplasty

Answer 4

the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint.

Question 5

Autograft

Answer 5

a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual’s body.

Question 6

Bone Marrow Aspirate

Answer 6

The removal of a small amount of liquid bone marrow through a needle.

Question 7

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Answer 7

are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens.

Question 8

Calcium Sulfate

Answer 8

a white salt CaSO4 that occurs especially as anhydrite, gypsum, and plaster of paris and that in hydrated form is used as a building material and in anhydrous form is used as a drying agent.

Question 9

Cancellous Bone

Answer 9

also known as spongy or trabecular bone, is one of the two types of bone tissue found in the human body. Cancellous bone is found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, skull, and the vertebrae in the spinal column.

Question 10

Chemotaxis

Answer 10

movement of a motile cell or organism, or part of one, in a direction corresponding to a gradient of increasing or decreasing concentration of a particular substance.

Question 11

Cortical Bone

Answer 11

Cortical bone is the dense outer surface of bone that forms a protective layer around the internal cavity. This type of bone also known as compact bone makes up nearly 80% of skeletal mass and is imperative to body structure and weight bearing because of its high resistance to bending and torsion.

Question 12

Demineralized Bone Matrix

Answer 12

is allograft bone that has had the inorganic mineral removed, leaving behind the organic “collagen” matrix.

Question 13

Donor-site Morbidity

Answer 13

Donor site morbidity refers to complications at this site as it heals.

Question 14

Fibrosis

Answer 14

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.

Question 15

Gold Standard

Answer 15

The best person or thing or the best example:ideal, perfection, optimum…

Question 16

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 16

a mineral of the apatite group that is the main inorganic constituent of tooth enamel and bone, although it is rare in rocks.

Question 17

Idiopathic

Answer 17

relating to or denoting any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.

Question 18

Load Sharing

Answer 18

Structural support through grafts and/or implants

Question 19

Mesenchymal Cells

Answer 19

Cells that have yet to be differentiated into a particular cell type

Question 20

Multi-potent

Answer 20

Having the ability to differentiate to a limited number of cell fates or into closely related family of cells.

Question 21

Non-Union

Answer 21

permanent failure of healing following a broken bone.

Question 22

Osteoarthritis

Answer 22

degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints

Question 23

Osteoblast

Answer 23

a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.

Question 24

Osteoclast

Answer 24

a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing.

Question 25

Osteoconduction

Answer 25

when bone graft material serves as a support for new bone growth, scaffolding

Question 26

Osteocyte

Answer 26

a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.

Question 27

Osteogenesis

Answer 27

the formation of bone.

Question 28

Osteoinduction

Answer 28

in which immature cells are recruited and stimulated to develop into bone-forming cells or “osteoblasts” and osteogenesis, the production of new bone.

Question 29

Osteoprogenitor

Answer 29

A mesenchymal cell that differentiates into an osteoblast. Also called preosteoblast.

Question 30

Osteotomy

Answer 30

the surgical cutting of a bone or removal of a piece of bone.

Question 31

Platelet Rich Plasma

Answer 31

is blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets.

Question 32

Pseudarthrosis

Answer 32

is a bone fracture that has no chance of mending without intervention.

Question 33

rhBMP

Answer 33

Recombinant human Bone morphogenetic proteins - used in orthopedic applications such as spinal fusions, nonunions and oral surgery.

Question 34

Stress Shielding

Answer 34

refers to the reduction in bone density (osteopenia) as a result of removal of typical stress from the bone by an implant (for instance, the femoral component of a hip prosthesis).

Question 35

Tri Calcium Phosphate

Answer 35

is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.

Question 36

Type 1 Collagen

Answer 36

is the most abundant collagen and is found in scar tissue, skin, tendons, artery walls, and bones. It is a very strong type of collagen, with good tensile strength.

Question 37

Wolff’s Law

Answer 37

developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed.

Question 38

Xenograft

Answer 38

a tissue graft or organ transplant from a donor of a different species from the recipient.