Biologics Flashcards
Allograft
A tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical.
Angiogenesis
the development of new blood vessels.
Arthrodesis
surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones.
Arthroplasty
the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint.
Autograft
a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual’s body.
Bone Marrow Aspirate
The removal of a small amount of liquid bone marrow through a needle.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens.
Calcium Sulfate
a white salt CaSO4 that occurs especially as anhydrite, gypsum, and plaster of paris and that in hydrated form is used as a building material and in anhydrous form is used as a drying agent.
Cancellous Bone
also known as spongy or trabecular bone, is one of the two types of bone tissue found in the human body. Cancellous bone is found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, skull, and the vertebrae in the spinal column.
Chemotaxis
movement of a motile cell or organism, or part of one, in a direction corresponding to a gradient of increasing or decreasing concentration of a particular substance.
Cortical Bone
Cortical bone is the dense outer surface of bone that forms a protective layer around the internal cavity. This type of bone also known as compact bone makes up nearly 80% of skeletal mass and is imperative to body structure and weight bearing because of its high resistance to bending and torsion.
Demineralized Bone Matrix
is allograft bone that has had the inorganic mineral removed, leaving behind the organic “collagen” matrix.
Donor-site Morbidity
Donor site morbidity refers to complications at this site as it heals.
Fibrosis
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.
Gold Standard
The best person or thing or the best example:ideal, perfection, optimum…
Hydroxyapatite
a mineral of the apatite group that is the main inorganic constituent of tooth enamel and bone, although it is rare in rocks.
Idiopathic
relating to or denoting any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
Load Sharing
Structural support through grafts and/or implants
Mesenchymal Cells
Cells that have yet to be differentiated into a particular cell type
Multi-potent
Having the ability to differentiate to a limited number of cell fates or into closely related family of cells.
Non-Union
permanent failure of healing following a broken bone.
Osteoarthritis
degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints
Osteoblast
a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.
Osteoclast
a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing.
Osteoconduction
when bone graft material serves as a support for new bone growth, scaffolding
Osteocyte
a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
Osteogenesis
the formation of bone.
Osteoinduction
in which immature cells are recruited and stimulated to develop into bone-forming cells or “osteoblasts” and osteogenesis, the production of new bone.
Osteoprogenitor
A mesenchymal cell that differentiates into an osteoblast. Also called preosteoblast.
Osteotomy
the surgical cutting of a bone or removal of a piece of bone.
Platelet Rich Plasma
is blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets.
Pseudarthrosis
is a bone fracture that has no chance of mending without intervention.
rhBMP
Recombinant human Bone morphogenetic proteins - used in orthopedic applications such as spinal fusions, nonunions and oral surgery.
Stress Shielding
refers to the reduction in bone density (osteopenia) as a result of removal of typical stress from the bone by an implant (for instance, the femoral component of a hip prosthesis).
Tri Calcium Phosphate
is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.
Type 1 Collagen
is the most abundant collagen and is found in scar tissue, skin, tendons, artery walls, and bones. It is a very strong type of collagen, with good tensile strength.
Wolff’s Law
developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed.
Xenograft
a tissue graft or organ transplant from a donor of a different species from the recipient.
