Sports Med 2 Flashcards
Avulsion fractures at the hip or pelvis are usually treated how>
Non-operably
Most common casue of a pelvic avulsion fracture?
-strong muscular contraction during sports activities in skeletally immature patients
Most common pelvic avulsion fracture sites?
ASIS (anterior superior illiac spine), AIIS, IT (Ischial tuberosity
Hip Laberal tear symptoms
Groin Pain, clicking and snapping of hip joint, limited range of motion of hip joint
THree types of femeroacetabular impingement
CAM, Pincer, Combined
Quadriceps and Hamstring tears?
Once you’ve had one you are prone to more because the muscle heals with scar tissue and not muscular tissue. Scar tissue is not as flexible
New treatment method for hamstring and quad tears?
Platelett rich plasma,,,plateletts have healing factors and growth factors which help with healing
Meniscus repair options>
non-operative, repair, remove (used to be done all the time) With arthroscopic surgery we can now do some repairs.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament causes
Deceleration, cutting, jumping
70% of ACL tera patients….
hear or feel a pop.
- often say they felt like their knee was being hyperextended
- walking is difficult
- knee swells within hours
What is the difference between the swelling time with ACL and meniscus
ACL swells within hours,
Meniscus take a few days
THis is because tendons have vasculature (ACL bleeds and you get hemiarthrosis.
women have increased risk of ACL injury
yes, why? muscle strength, hormonal influences, limb alignment, notch dimensions, ligament size
What is the most sensitive ACL test?
Lachman test- looks like the anterior drawer test, feel for end mark.
Most accurate radiological study for ACL tear
MRI, non-orthogonal plane with the knee externally rotated 15 degrees, identify associated meniscal/chondral injuries, collateral ligaments
Characteristic bone bruise pattern of ACL
Lateral Femoral Condyle (mid third) and post 1/3 of lateral tibial plateau….very sensitive…know
PCL tear cause?
Direct blow to the shin (tibia), fall on flexed knee, hyperextension
PCL tear signs
posterior sag
PCL injury treatment
non-operative: immobilize, rehab arthroscopic reconstruction (surgery is not great)
Long term risk of PCL injury not being repaired?
arthritis
MCL/ LCL treatment?
Often non-operative
WHy should you be aware of knee dislocations
highincidence of neurovascular injury
definition of a knee dislocation
3 out of 4 ligaments torn
common cause of knee dislocation
high velocity fall (over 5 feet and MVA), low velocity ( falls under 5 feet), ultra low velocity Obesity
Most common nerve injury in knee dislocation
Peroneal, half result in permanent neurological defect,
Popliteal artery injury in knee dislocation can lead to amputation if not repaired in under 8 hours
true. know
What is one structral feature that can pre-dispose to patella injury
patella alta, patellar tendon is just a little too long
OCD of the knee usuallu occurs where
lateral wall of the medial chondyle
Cause of OCD injury of the knee
Vascular, traumatic, genetic
Most common ankle sprain?
Inversion, sprain of the lateral ligaments
Syndesmosis
high sprain…anterior ligaments that hold tibia to fibula
psuedo jones fracture is what and what is the healing like
It is an avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal and usually heals in 3-6 weeks
Jones fracture
Very difficult to heal due to poor blood flow
Lisfranc injury
look at
Which is more common, MCL tear or LCL tear?
MCL, most often due to valgas blow to knee.
Patellar rupture results in high riding patella.
true. Quadriceps rupture does not
