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Musculoskeletal > Soft Tissue Tumors > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic definition of a soft tissue tumor

A

Mesenchymal proliferations that occur in the extraskeletal, nonepithelialized tissues of the body, excluding the viscera, coverings of the brain, and the lymphoreticular system.

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2
Q

What do we call a connective tissue neoplasm

A

A sarcoma.

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3
Q

Lipoma

A

Basically a benign adipose tumor

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4
Q

Are Lipomas usually slow growing or fast growing?

A

Usually slow growing

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5
Q

What is the ifference between a Lipoma and Liposarcoma?

A

THE HISTOLOGY. Histology is important in soft tissue tumors.
In a liposarcoma you will generally see atypical cells. For example, a lipoblast may be present. Basically a lipoblast is a weird cell with an atypical nucleus and lipid vesicles in the cytoplasm.

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6
Q

What is a nodular fascitis?

A

Rapidly growing, small benign , fibrous proliferationon the subcutis.

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7
Q

Nodular fascitis is most common in what age group?

A

Young adults

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8
Q

Nodular fascitis characteristically presents with what type of growth pattern?

A

Rapid

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9
Q

Nodular fascitis generally follows what?

A

Injury. It is thought to be a mesenchymal reaction to injury

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10
Q

Nodular fascitis most commonly seen in what areas of the body?

A

Arms. Particularly the flexxor surfaces of the arms

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11
Q

What does the histology look like in nodular fascitis?

A

Said to have a “loose tissue culture appearance”

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12
Q

What is Myositis Ossificans?

A

Reactive bone formation in the muscle as a result of injury. Entirely benign.

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13
Q

Mysositis Ossificans generally occurs in what area of the body>?

A

Lower limb

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14
Q

What is the key feature in differentiating myositis ossificans from a malignancy

A

Myositis ossificans shows a maturation pattern. The maturation pattern is woven bone at the periphery, but immature bone at the center. Malignancy does not show this pattern.

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15
Q

What are the two classifications of fibromatoses?

A

Superficial and deep.

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16
Q

Superficial fibromatoses appear where?

A

Hands, feet, penis

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17
Q

Which of the superficial fibromatoses is most common

A

The palmar one

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18
Q

Does fibromatoses tend to affect one sex more than the other?

A

Yes. Male predominance

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19
Q

Palmar fibromatoses generally appear on one side only?

A

FALSE. Generally bilateral

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20
Q

Plantar fibromatoses

A

Generally appear in a younger age group but are also bilateral in most cases

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21
Q

Penile fibromatoses

A

Rare. Generally accompany other superficial fibromatoses

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22
Q

What is infantile digital fibromatoses

A

superficial fibromatoses that appear in the digits of young children and are characterized by inclusion like condensations of cytoplasmic actin.

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23
Q

What is Dupuytrens’s contracture

A

It is a condition of fixed flexion of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot extend.

24
Q

What fingers are most commonly affected?

A

Ring and pinky

25
Q

Deep Fibromatoses

A

Aggressive, Rare, More common in females until after their 20’s.

26
Q

Deep fibromatoses generally occur where in peds and in whom?

A

Extra-abdominal, females

27
Q

Deep fibromatoses generally appear where pts in their late 20’s and who is generally affected?

A

Abdominal wall, females typically affected still. Past this, however, no sex predisposition and tumors do not occur in the abdomen as often.

28
Q

Does radiation work on these tumors?

A

Nope. They are not malignant….do not divide quickly.

29
Q

Definition of a fibrosarcoma

A

Tumor of mesenchymal origin that is composed of MALIGNANT FIBROBLASTS in a collagen background.q

30
Q

Where may fibrosarcomas develop?

A

THey may be soft tissue masses or bone tumors.

Generally develop in the lower extremities (femur and Tibia if in bone, thigh and posterior knee if in soft tissue)

31
Q

When a fibrosarcoma arises in bone, what part of the bone is it in?

A

METAPHYSIS OF LONG BONES OR THE PELVIS

32
Q

Most frequently diagnosed in pts in what decade of life?

A

4th

33
Q

What is the prognosis of fibrosarcoma

A

Poor in adults. There is an infantile form that has a great prognosis however.

34
Q

Histology of a fibrosarcoma?

A

Herringbone pattern. Nuclei are spindle shaped with pointed ends

35
Q

What the hell is a dermatofibroma

A

Can also be called a fibrous histiocytoma. It basically is a benign growth of dermal dendritic histiocytic cells.

36
Q

Dermatofibroma may arise after….

A

relatively minor trauma like an insect bite or thorn prick

37
Q

DF Generally look like what

A

firm nodules, small

38
Q

DFSP

A

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

39
Q

DFSP common or uncommon

A

Uncommon, Locally aggressive though with a high recurrence rate, It is a cutaneous malignancy that arises from the dermis and invades deeper subcutaneous tissue.

40
Q

DFSP exhibits partial features of three cell types, they are?

A

fibroblastic, histiocytic, neuroectodermal.

41
Q

malignant fibrohistiocytoma

A

MOst common soft-tissue sarcoma

42
Q

Most important prognostic factor for malignant fibrohistiocytoma?

A

Clinical stage ( tumor grade, size, presence of metastases)

43
Q

Distant metastasis of malignant fibrohistiocytoma seems to go where?

A

lung, bone, liver

44
Q

Histiologic appearance of malignant fibrohistiocytoma?

A

Storiform, woven mat appearance

45
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma definition

A

tumor made up of cancerous muscle cells,

46
Q

Two thirds of rhabdomyosarcomas are found in what age group

A

children under ten

47
Q

Most common sites of Rhabdomyosarcoma development>

A

Adjacent to the skull, Around the eye, Nose and throat, arms and legs, urinary system and reproductive organs

48
Q

Prototypical cell type in rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Strap cell. ELongated bizzarre looking cells

49
Q

Leiomyoma definition

A

Tumor of the smooth muscle. Usually the wall of the uterus

50
Q

Leiomyomas affect what percentage of reproductive age women?

A

25-40%

51
Q

Most Leiomyomas

A

regress after menopause, are asymptomatic, may be found anywhere in the body on smooth muscle

52
Q

Typical cell appearance in a Leiomyoma

A

Cigar shaped

53
Q

Leiomyosarcoma are most common where

A

uterus, abdomen, or pelvis

54
Q

If you see cigar shaped cells indicative of a Leiomyosarcoma but also see mitotic figures

A

This is bad.

55
Q

Sarcomas tend to metastasize where and why?

A

Lungs, because they typically spread hematogenously.

Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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