Joint Diseases Handorff

Question 1

Osteoarthritis most commonly affects which joints

Answer 1

Back, knee, hand, hip…joints that bear a lot of stress

Question 2

Symptoms of osteoarthritis

Answer 2

painful joints, pain after joint has been used, discomfort during significant weather changes, swelling in a joint, stiffness in a joint, bony lumps in the joint

Question 3

What is the bony growth in joints that appears during osteoarthritis

Answer 3

This is the body’s attempt to repair the joint

Question 4

Risk factors of Osteoarthritis

Answer 4

Being a woman, over 45, previous injury, obesity, diseases that cause malformation of bone structure

Question 5

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disease stemming from a disorder of what?

Answer 5

The immune system

Question 6

Rheumatoid arthritis is most common in who>

Answer 6

Women. Between the ages of 20 and 50

Question 7

RA tends to affect which joints

Answer 7

small joints of the hands and feet, loss of range of motion, loss of muscular strength in the muscles attached to the affected joints
also:
-low grade fever
- fatigue which can be severe during flare ups
- stiffness or aching
- malaise
-

Question 8

Too many notecards….probably

Answer 8

ok

Question 9

What is the cause of RA

Answer 9

Unknown really. CD4 cells aggregate and secrete cytokines to attract B cells and macrophages. These B cells and macrophages form the inflammatory response

Many patients have IgM antibodies to the Fc receptors on IgG. These immune complexes form extra-articular manifestations and can be measured as rheumatoid factor

Question 10

20% of pts with rheumatoid arthritis get a

Answer 10

Rheumatoid nodule

Question 11

What does a rheumatoid nodule look like?

Answer 11

consists of an acellular center of eosinophillic material surrounded by palisaded histiocytes and other cells, maybe with a rim of granulation tissue

Question 12

Where do Rheumatoid nodules occur?

Answer 12

Generally on

• Extensor surfaces
• Aortic valve, pericardium, lung parenchyma

Question 13

What the fuck is a pannus

Answer 13

Basically you get this acute and chronic synovitis during RA which leads to proliferation of vascular connective tissue in the synovium.
This later fills with Polys, T cells, and plasma cells
Pannus means a membrane of granulation tissue. It can proliferate over time and contribute to joint destruction. It erodes cartilage and bone.

Question 14

Gouts main cause

Answer 14

high levels of uric acid

Question 15

Joint may swell, become warm to the touch and red in appearance. Pt may develop a fever and a skin lump that is white and chalky in appearance.

Answer 15

ok

Question 16

Joint pain in gout often affects

Answer 16

Great toe, knee, and ankle

Rare that only one joint is affected

Question 17

Higher risk for gout in

Answer 17

Men, postmenopausal women, alcohol drinkers

Question 18

Urate chrystals form when the concentration of uric acid in the body reaches

Answer 18

7 mg/dl at normal body temperature. These chrystals form faster at lower temps that why they usually form in the toes and fingers (furthest from the heart, where the temp is lowest)

Question 19

yellow= urate= parallel

Answer 19

ok

Question 20

calcium = yellow= perpendicular

Answer 20

ok

Question 21

Pseudogout

Answer 21

calcium phosphate deposition

Question 22

Infectious arthritis

Answer 22

bacterial infection in joint

Question 23

How do these organisms arrive?

Answer 23

blood

Question 24

Infectious arthritis usually infects what joints?

Answer 24

Large ones

Question 25

Giant cell tumor of Tendon sheath

Answer 25

Basically you look for a bunch of multinucleated giant cells and a background of histiocytes. DONT CONFUSE WITH TB

Question 26

Pigmented Villonodular synovitis

Answer 26

Localized destructive lesion within a single joint (usually the knee), proliferation of synovium, hemosiderin pigmentation, destroys the joint