Sport Psychology - Group Cohesion Flashcards
Define cohesion
Forces acting to keep members of a team within the group integrated and focused
What are the types of cohesion
- task
- social
Task cohesion is focused on…
The results/outcomes
Social cohesion is focused on…..
The team working together
Define interaction
Everyone completing different roles but having to integrate them all together
Define co-action
Everyone completes the task at the same time but separately - e.g. rowing
What is carrons antecedents
- the factors that may affect cohesion
- can be: Environmental, Personal, Team and Leadership factors
What do environmental factors refer to
- age
- contractual obligation
- time spent as group
- size of the group
What does personal factors refer to
- aspirations
- work ethic
- opinions
- happiness
What does leadership factors refer to
- leadership style (autocratic, democratic, laissez faire etc.)
- the leaders relationship with teammates
What do team factors refer to
- team ability
- shared experience
What is cohesion affected by
- unequal pay
- size of the group
- likelihood of future success
Lack of cohesion is caused by
- poor tactics
- social loafing
- misunderstanding of roles
What is Steiner’s Model
Actual Productivity = Potential Productivity - Faulty Process
What does actual productivity refer to
The performance of the team in the game
What does potential productivity refer to
The groups best performance when at optimal cohesiveness
What does faulty process refer to
Factors that could go wrong and reduce cohesiveness
Faulty processes could be
- coordination problems (poor tactics, poor communication)
- motivational problems (Ringelmann effect, social loafing)
What is the ringelmann effect
When group performance decreases when the group size increases
Define social loafing
Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to a lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised
What causes social loafing
- lack of fitness
- poor leadership
- high state/trait anxiety
- social inhibition
How do you avoid social loafing
- encouraging group identity (sense of belonging motivation increases etc.)
- use statistics tell and/or punish social loafing
- praise rewarding behaviour
- develop social cohesion
