Sport and Society Applied to Equal Opportunity Flashcards
Define Society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
Define socialisation
A lifelong process where members of society learns the norms and values of society.
Name the two types of socialisation
Primary
Secondary
Define primary socialisation
Socialisation during early childhood through influence of immediate family.
Core values are created during primary socialisation
Define secondary socialisation
Socialisation in teenage years through the influence of peer groups, friends, schools, TV/Social Media and local clubs.
Can occur over a long period of time and change core values due to peer pressure, choice and broad range of sources it can come from
Define social control
The way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems.
E.g. Mother’s may not give themselves time to play sport due to feeling pressured about childcare
Define social change
An alteration in the social order of a society.
E.g. More leisure centres now offer creches/childcare as part of the membership to increase female participation
Define social issues
Problems that affect many people within a society
Define inequality
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities and distributed unequally within a society
Define social stratification
Society is divided (into different levels/classes) based on wealth/status.
Explain why private school students have better access to sport than state school students
- Better facilities
- Better equipment
- Specialist coaching e.g. ‘head of rugby’
- Higher levels of competition
- Opportunities for foreign training camps
- More time dedicated to sport e.g. Wednesday afternoon and Saturday morning
- Wider range of sports available
Define social action theory
A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
Name 3 of the main concepts of social action theory
- Social action theory considers how sport can impact society
- Society is an interactionist theory
- By interacting with others, people create organisations e.g. schools/clubs/campaign groups
- These organisations influence people/shape wider society, eg expecting people to obey the rules of the organisation
- Interactions lead to change in the social processes that exist
- Social institutions are the product of the interaction of the people with and within the institution
- Promotes sports becoming more democratic/preventing the dominance of one group
- Individual motives/meanings for sports participation can vary
Define equal opportunities
The right to access the same opportunities regardless of factors such as race, age, sex or disability status
Define prejudice
To form an unfavourable opinion of an individual based on inadequate facts
Define discrimination
Unfair treatment of a person based on a stereotype or prejudice
Name the two types of discrimination
Overt
Covert
Define overt discrimination
Visible/obvious e.g. verbal racist abuse
Define covert discrimination
Hidden/less obvious e.g. an athlete not being selected as captain because of their race
Define stereotyping
Making generalisations about all members of a group/an individual due to them belonging to a certain group.
Name the 4 main groups who are underrepresented in sport
Ethnic minorities
Women
Those with a disability
Disadvantaged groups
Name two examples of racism in sport
Stacking
Channelling
Define stacking
The disproportionate concentration of ethnic minority groups in certain positions in a sports team based on the assumption that they are physically superior
Define Channelling
Minority groups being forced into certain sport/positions within sport based on assumptions on them
Name 3 causes of under-representation based on ethnicity
Conflict with religion
Education
Racism
Lack of role models
Fear of rejection
Channelling
Language barriers
Name 3 strategies to improve participation in BME communities
Training of more coaches
Single-sex provision
Punishments
Improving PE
Organising campaigns
Legislation
Name 3 causes of under-representation based on gender
Stereotypes
Lack of media coverage
Lack of role models
Sponsorship
PE Programmes
Lack of leisure time
Fewer clubs/opportunites
Name 3 strategies to improve participation for females
Introduction of new laws
Societal change
Increased media coverage
Increased sponsorship
Improving PE
Improved opportunities
Name 3 causes of under representation based on disability
Lack of confidence
Disposable income
Lack of access
Lack of media coverage
Lack of specialist coaching
Stereotypes
Fewer clubs/opportunities
Name 3 strategies to improve participation for those living with a disability
More opportunity
Increased investment
Improved transport
Improved technology
Increased media coverage
Specialist facilites
Name 3 causes of under representation based on socio-economic status
Lack of disposable income
Lack of facilities
Lack of equipment
Location
Emotional well being
Schooling
Name 3 strategies to improve participation for those from a low socio-economic status
Discounted rates at leisure centres
Volunteers
Sponsorship
Schools
Define health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Not merely the absence of disease.
Name 3 health benefits of participating in sport
- Decreased risk of heart disease
- Avoidance of high/low blood pressure
- Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
- Decreased risk of obesity
- Strengthening of bones
- Improved mental health
- Decreased risk of some cancers
Name 3 fitness benefits of taking part in sport
- Improved posture
- Improved cardiovascular fitness
- Improved strength
- Improved flexibility
- Improved speed
- Improved power
Name 3 social benefits of taking part in sport
- Hormonal levels
- Sleep
- Mood
- Confidence
- Friendships
What is the overall mission of Sport England?
TO ‘CREATE A SPORTING HABIT FOR LIFE’.
Name 3 ways that Sport England off support to local partners
Club development
Coaching development
Education programmes
Targeted campaigns
Facility development
Funding and support
Marketing
Safeguarding
Strategic Networks
Volunteer development
Name national partners of Sport England
NGBs
Activity Alliance/English federation of disability sport
Sporting equals
Women in sport
Street games
Sports aid
UK Sport
Youth Sport Trust
What is the primary aim of Activity Alliance
Activity Alliance supports organisations to include more disabled people and provide accessible, welcoming experiences.
What is the primary aim of Sporting Equals
Raise awareness of the needs of ethnically diverse communities within sport
What is the primary aim of Women in Sport?
That’s why at Women in Sport, our vision is that no-one is excluded from the joy, fulfilment and lifelong benefits of sport.
What is the primary aim of Street Games?
Providing accessible and attractive sport and physical activity offers for young people
What is the primary aim of SportsAid
SportsAid is the only national charity of its kind - helping young British sportsmen and women aspiring to be the country’s next Olympic, Paralympic, Commonwealth and world champions.
What is the primary aim of UK Sport
We are the UK’s trusted high-performance experts, powering our greatest athletes, teams, sports and events to achieve positive success.
What is the primary aim of Youth Sports Trust?
The Youth Sport Trust is the UK’s leading children’s charity for improving the education and development of every child through play and sport.
