SPORT PSYCH Flashcards
forming attitudes
- past experiences
- social learning
- media
- socialisation
triadic model
cognitive- beliefs
affective- emotions
behavioral- actions
persuasive communication (attitudes)
individual must want to change. Significant other tries to change negative attitude to a positive one through giving a clear positive message.
cognitive dissonance
when all attitude components match state of cognitive consonance. So create cognitive dissonance by changing on of the components making them question their attitude.
weiner model
internal stable- ability
internal unstable- effort
external stable- task difficualty
external unstable- luck
locus of causality
reason for win/loss:
- internal
- external
locus of stability
how fixed the dimensions are
- stable
- unstable
link between atribution, task persistence and motivation
Should attribute success internally to ability and effort and failure externally this will increase self efficacy and esteem. As it keeps you motivated.
learned helplessness
when performers attribute failure internally to stable reasons. So they are destined to fail. Causes low confidence and stop participating. Similar characteristics to NAF performers.
causes of learned helplessness?
- past experinences
- low self confidence
- unrealistic goals set
how to avoid learned helplessness
attribution retraining changing negative attributions into positive ones. Their perception of why they failed changes. Atrribute success to internal so they know they can succeed in the future.
coach can
- set realsitic goals
- highlight succsses
- give encouragement
Self efficacy
The amount of confidence you have a specific task or situation
Bandura self efficacy
Performance accomlishments, vicarious experiences, emotional arousal and verbal persuasion
Vealey model of sports confidence
Performer produces a response if they percieve the outcome as positive the level of state and trait will increase. This will increase liklihood of approach behaviour and competitive orientation.
Vealey model of sports confidence
Trait confidence-Objective sporting situation-state confidence-performance-outcome-competitiveness
Home field advantage
Suggests that performers usualyy perform better when playing at home this keeps level of uncertainitu and therefore arousal low. Increased confidence. Can become hostile and pressure.
Strategies to develop high levels of self efficacy
-point out successes -ask another performer to show skill -give praise and positive reinforcement -use cognitive or somatic strategies -attribute success internally
Effective leader
-effective communicator -charismatic -knowledgeable -emphatetic -confident -flexible
Prescribed leaders
Outside of group
Emergent leaders
Within group
Autocratic/task orientated leaders features
-Dictatorial -sole decision maker
Autocratic/task orientated when to use
- in dangerous situations -large groups -time is likited -cognitive perfromers
Democratic/social orientated features
- interested in ensuring relations
- group members involved in decisions
Democratic/social orientated when to use
-small groups -lots of time -advanaced performers
Laissez-Faire features
-more of a figurehead -group members make all the decisions
Laissez-faire when to use
-problem solving approach -advanced performers
Fiedler’s contingency model
An effective leader will match their style with the situation facing them
Task orientated leader (fiedler)
Mainly concerned with achieving goals and takes a pragmatic approach. Beat in favourable and least favourable situations.
Person orientated leader fiedler
Focuses on harmony and shoud be used in moderatley favourbale sutuatikns
Most favourable situations fiedler
Is when the leader is in a strong posiiton of authority and respect and everyone has good relations
Least favourable situations fiedler
Is where tge leader has no respect and relations are bad
Moderately favourable situations fiedler
Leaser would fhoose a person orientated style which allows other team members to contribute to decision making provess. Parts of task is clear and some good relations
Chelladurai multi dimensional model
Leader is most successful when they adapt to the situation and the team
3 factors leaders should consider (chelladurai)
- situation - leader - group
Leadership style is affected by (chelladurai)
-actual behaviour -required behaviour -preffered behaviojr
Required behaviour chelladurai
What the situation demands
Actual behaviour chelladurai
What the leader does
Preffered behaviour chelladurai
What the team wants
