APPLIED ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
altitude training
2500 m above sea level where partial pressure of 02 is lower. So not as much o2 can diffuse into blood and haemoglobin cant be fully saturated with it. O2 carying capacity of blood decreases and less o2 is delivered to muscles.
altitude training advantages
- increased red blood cell count
- increased concentration of haemoglobin
- increased oxygen transport
altitude training disadvantages
- altitude sickness
- difficault
- benefirs lost quickly
- expensive
HIIT
Interval training works aerobic and anerobic energy systems. Involves short high intensity periods and periods of low intensity rest periods. increases amount of calories burnt and fat burning potential and aerobic and anaerobic endurance.
plyometric
improves power and speed. Involves high intensity explosive activities such as hopping and jumping. Works on concept that muscles can generate more force if they have previously been stretched or contracted.
3 stages of plyometrics
stage 1 eccentric phase where it lengthens under tension
stage 2 amortisation phase time between eccentric ad concentric phase energy is stored
stage 3 concentric phase use stored energy to increase force of contraction
speed, agility and quickness
aims to improve multi directional movement through developing neuromuscular system drills inc zig zags. Activities are performed with max force at high speed, energy is provided anaerobicallu.
factors affecting rate of lactate accumulation
- fitness of performer
- exercise intensity
- muscle fibre type
- rate of blood lactate removal
- respiratory exchange ratio
how exercise intensity affects lactate accumalation
the higher the intensity the greater the demand for energy and faster OBLA occurs because glycogen is broken down anaerobically
how fitness of performer affects lactate accumulation
more trained will delay bola as adaptations occur to muscles eg. increased mitochondria and myoglobin improving the capacity for aerobic respiration.
how muscle fibre type affects lactate accumulation
slow twitch fibres produce less lactate then fast twitch fibres.
how the RER affects lactate accumulation
when value is close to 1.0 it uses glycogen greater chance accumulation of lactate.
how the rate of blood lactate removal affects lactate accumulation
if rate of removal is lower than rate of accumulation OBLA will be reached
submaximal oxygen deficit
when there is not enough oxygen available at start of exercise to prove all energy aerobically.
EPOC
amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would be consumed at rest
fast replenishment stage of epic
restoration of tap and pc stores res saturation of myoglobin with oxygen
slow replenishment stage of epic
- removal of lactic acid
- maintenance of breathing and heart rate
- glycogen replenishment
- increase in body temperature
removal of lactic acid ways:
- oxidation into carbon dioxide and water in the inactive muscles and used as an energy source
- cori cycle
- converted into protein
- removed in sweat and urine
cori cycle
lactic acid is transported to the liver where its converted into blood glucose and glycogen
maintenance of heart and breathing rates EPOC
extra oxygen replenish ATP and PC stores and remove lactic acid
glycogen replenishment EPOC
high carb meal first 30 mins after 4:1 3:1 ratio of carb and protein. 1-3 hours after a meal high in protein and carbs.
increase in body temp EPOC
respiratory rate remain high helping more oxygen to be taking in.
lactate threshold
the point at which lactate rapidly accumulates in the blood. Body moves from working aerobically to anaerobically.
OBLA
the point at which lactate levels go above 4 mols. Body can’t produce enough oxygen to break down lactate so it builds up.
