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PE ALEVEL > SKILL ACQ > Flashcards

SKILL ACQ Flashcards

1
Q

Massed practice

A

continious practice without rest periods

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2
Q

when to use massed practice

A
  • discrete skills
  • closed skills
  • self paced skills
  • simple skills
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3
Q

distributed practice

A

practice with rest periods

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4
Q

when to use distributed practice

A
  • continous skill
  • complex skill
  • serial skill
  • low organisation skill
  • dangerous skill
  • externally paced
  • open skill
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5
Q

variable practice

A

practicing skills in a constantly changing environment

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6
Q

when to use variable practice

A
  • open skill
  • externally paced skill
  • complex skill
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7
Q

mental practice

A

going over a skill in the mind without moving internal and external

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8
Q

when to use mental practice

A
  • complex skill

- serial skill

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9
Q

cognitive stage of learning

A

performer begins to create clear mental image, many mistakes are made through trial and error, movements are uncoordinated and jerky, has to think about skill

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10
Q

cognitive stage feedback

A
  • reliant on extrinsic feedback
  • should be positive
  • knowledge of results so actions are repeated
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11
Q

associative stage of learning

A

makes fewer mistakes, movements smoother and more coordinated, focus on finer aspects of skill, motor programmes are developing, some never past this stage

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12
Q

associative stage feedback

A
  • begins to develop kinaesthesia uses intrinsic
  • extrinsic to refine mistakes
  • knowledge of performance
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13
Q

autonomous stage of learning

A

movements are fluent, efficient and habitual. Executed automatically and motor programmes fully formed.

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14
Q

autonomous stage feedback

A
  • intrinsic
  • extrinsic
  • knowledge of performance to know why an action was unsuccessful
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15
Q

learning plateaus

A

period during performance where there is no improvement.

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16
Q

causes of learning plateaus

A
  • loss of motivation
  • fatigue
  • limit of ability reached
  • poor coaching
  • incorrect goal set
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17
Q

solutions of learning plateaus

A
  • set new challenges
  • use variable practice
  • offer rewards
  • allow rest
  • compete against others of same ability
  • variety of coaching methods
  • set goals using smarter principles
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18
Q

open skill

A

when the environment is stable so skill performed same way everytime

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19
Q

closed skill

A

environment unstable and changing so player adapt to situation.

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20
Q

gross skill

A

large muscle groups used to perform skill

21
Q

fine skill

A

small muscles used for skill

22
Q

self paced skill

A

perfromer in control of speed and timing if skill

23
Q

externally paced skill

A

performer hs no control over speed and timing of skill

24
Q

highly organised skill

A

hard to break down into subroutines due to speed

25
Q

low organisation skill

A

easily broken into parts and can be practiced in isolation

26
Q

simple skill

A

limited decision making required

27
Q

complex skill

A

several decisions to be made

28
Q

discrete skill

A

clear beginning and end one distinct action

29
Q

serial skill

A

number of skills performed together sequentiallu

30
Q

continious skill

A

no clear beginning and end movement is cyclical

31
Q

visual guidance

A

demonstration makes clear mental image and can be used in conjucntion with verbal

32
Q

verbal guidance

A

instructs and explains skill useful for advanced perfromers

33
Q

manual guidance

A

coach used own body to support performer useful for cognitive performers during danger

34
Q

mechanical guidance

A

any equiptment used to aid movement

35
Q

types of feedback

A
  • intrinsic
  • extrinsic
  • positive
  • negative
  • knowldeg of results
  • knowledge of performance
36
Q

whitings model of info processing

A

display, receptor systems, perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanisms, muscular system, output data and feedback data

37
Q

perceptual mechanism WM

A

judgement is made including DCR process detection, comparison and recognition. Selective attention occurs.

38
Q

translatory mechanisms WM

A

decision is made on what action to perform with help of previous info motor programme selected

39
Q

effector mechanisms WM

A

imulses sent to relevant msucles

40
Q

effective storage of memory

A

Chunking, mental rehearsal, reinforcement, enjoyable, linking, chaining and meaningful

41
Q

reaction time definition

A

time from onset of stimulus to onset of response. Simple and Choice

42
Q

movement time definition

A

onset of movement to completion of task

43
Q

response time defintion

A

reaction time plus movement time

44
Q

hicks law

A

impact of choice reaction time. Number of choices increases reaction time

45
Q

anticipation

A

temporal and spatial

46
Q

single channel hypothesis

A

we can only process one piece of information at a time

47
Q

psychological refractory period

A

delay in processing when 2 stimuli arrive at same time

48
Q

recall schema

A

Stores info about and initiates the movement. initial conditions and response specifications

49
Q

recognition schema

A

Controls and evaluates the movement. sensory consequences and response outcome

PE ALEVEL (8 decks)

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