SKILL ACQ

Question 1

Massed practice

Answer 1

continious practice without rest periods

Question 2

when to use massed practice

Answer 2

• discrete skills
• closed skills
• self paced skills
• simple skills

Question 3

distributed practice

Answer 3

practice with rest periods

Question 4

when to use distributed practice

Answer 4

• continous skill
• complex skill
• serial skill
• low organisation skill
• dangerous skill
• externally paced
• open skill

Question 5

variable practice

Answer 5

practicing skills in a constantly changing environment

Question 6

when to use variable practice

Answer 6

• open skill
• externally paced skill
• complex skill

Question 7

mental practice

Answer 7

going over a skill in the mind without moving internal and external

Question 8

when to use mental practice

Answer 8

• complex skill

- serial skill

Question 9

cognitive stage of learning

Answer 9

performer begins to create clear mental image, many mistakes are made through trial and error, movements are uncoordinated and jerky, has to think about skill

Question 10

cognitive stage feedback

Answer 10

• reliant on extrinsic feedback
• should be positive
• knowledge of results so actions are repeated

Question 11

associative stage of learning

Answer 11

makes fewer mistakes, movements smoother and more coordinated, focus on finer aspects of skill, motor programmes are developing, some never past this stage

Question 12

associative stage feedback

Answer 12

• begins to develop kinaesthesia uses intrinsic
• extrinsic to refine mistakes
• knowledge of performance

Question 13

autonomous stage of learning

Answer 13

movements are fluent, efficient and habitual. Executed automatically and motor programmes fully formed.

Question 14

autonomous stage feedback

Answer 14

• intrinsic
• extrinsic
• knowledge of performance to know why an action was unsuccessful

Question 15

learning plateaus

Answer 15

period during performance where there is no improvement.

Question 16

causes of learning plateaus

Answer 16

• loss of motivation
• fatigue
• limit of ability reached
• poor coaching
• incorrect goal set

Question 17

solutions of learning plateaus

Answer 17

• set new challenges
• use variable practice
• offer rewards
• allow rest
• compete against others of same ability
• variety of coaching methods
• set goals using smarter principles

Question 18

open skill

Answer 18

when the environment is stable so skill performed same way everytime

Question 19

closed skill

Answer 19

environment unstable and changing so player adapt to situation.

Question 20

gross skill

Answer 20

large muscle groups used to perform skill

Question 21

fine skill

Answer 21

small muscles used for skill

Question 22

self paced skill

Answer 22

perfromer in control of speed and timing if skill

Question 23

externally paced skill

Answer 23

performer hs no control over speed and timing of skill

Question 24

highly organised skill

Answer 24

hard to break down into subroutines due to speed

Question 25

low organisation skill

Answer 25

easily broken into parts and can be practiced in isolation

Question 26

simple skill

Answer 26

limited decision making required

Question 27

complex skill

Answer 27

several decisions to be made

Question 28

discrete skill

Answer 28

clear beginning and end one distinct action

Question 29

serial skill

Answer 29

number of skills performed together sequentiallu

Question 30

continious skill

Answer 30

no clear beginning and end movement is cyclical

Question 31

visual guidance

Answer 31

demonstration makes clear mental image and can be used in conjucntion with verbal

Question 32

verbal guidance

Answer 32

instructs and explains skill useful for advanced perfromers

Question 33

manual guidance

Answer 33

coach used own body to support performer useful for cognitive performers during danger

Question 34

mechanical guidance

Answer 34

any equiptment used to aid movement

Question 35

types of feedback

Answer 35

- intrinsic - extrinsic - positive - negative - knowldeg of results - knowledge of performance

Question 36

whitings model of info processing

Answer 36

display, receptor systems, perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanisms, muscular system, output data and feedback data

Question 37

perceptual mechanism WM

Answer 37

judgement is made including DCR process detection, comparison and recognition. Selective attention occurs.

Question 38

translatory mechanisms WM

Answer 38

decision is made on what action to perform with help of previous info motor programme selected

Question 39

effector mechanisms WM

Answer 39

imulses sent to relevant msucles

Question 40

effective storage of memory

Answer 40

Chunking, mental rehearsal, reinforcement, enjoyable, linking, chaining and meaningful

Question 41

reaction time definition

Answer 41

time from onset of stimulus to onset of response. Simple and Choice

Question 42

movement time definition

Answer 42

onset of movement to completion of task

Question 43

response time defintion

Answer 43

reaction time plus movement time

Question 44

hicks law

Answer 44

impact of choice reaction time. Number of choices increases reaction time

Question 45

anticipation

Answer 45

temporal and spatial

Question 46

single channel hypothesis

Answer 46

we can only process one piece of information at a time

Question 47

psychological refractory period

Answer 47

delay in processing when 2 stimuli arrive at same time

Question 48

recall schema

Answer 48

Stores info about and initiates the movement. initial conditions and response specifications

Question 49

recognition schema

Answer 49

Controls and evaluates the movement. sensory consequences and response outcome