Sport performance and health Flashcards
What is AAS?
Anabolic - Androgenic Steroids - Synthetic hormones for increased muscle growth and repair, imitating steroids.
Drivers of use of AAS? (6)
Competitive edge in sport
Muscle dysmorphia / Body dissatisfaction
Eating disorders
Adverse childhood experiences
Desire to increase size
What are the groups of harms associated with AAS miss-use?
Cosmetic
Physical
Psychological
Neurological
Cosmetic Harms of AAS?(4)
Acne
Increased bodily hair
Baldness
Abscesses
Physical Harms of AAS? (7)
Muscle/tendon damage
Cholesterol imbalances
Elevated RBCs
Lowering of voice
Gyno
Clitoral enlargement
Psychological Harms of AAS?(7)
Decreased/increased libido
Depression
Increased anxiety
Mood swings
Insomnia
Increased body checking
Describe AAS Dependence ?
Many users develop a dependence on these substances, contributing to worsened physical and mental health outcomes
Neurological Harms of AAS?
Thinner cortices
Reduced brain volume
↑ brain aging
↓ Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - important for memory/learning
Effects of exercise on anxiety/depression?
Positive, as good as treatment but not better.
What is linked to sedentary lifestyle?(6)
Risk of mortality
CV disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Osteoperosis
Mental health issues eg anxiety/depression
What is body image dissatisfaction?
Impaired vision with non existent or slight defect in bodily appearance.
What is muscle dysmorphia?
Pre-occupation that body is insufficiently lean or muscular.
Describe the 2 main eating disorders?
Anorexia nervosa - relentless drive for thinness with fear of weight gain
Bulimia - Binge eating followed by methods to avoid weight gain
Symptom categories for ED? (8)
Oral
Gastrointestinal
Endocrine
Neuropsychiatric
Cardiorespiratory
Musculoskeletal
Dermatological
Renal
What is exercise dependence ?
No single definition but it is a pattern of exercise which if disrupted leads to distress
What is burnout?
Physical, emotional and social withdrawal from a formerly enjoyable sport activity
Effects of burnout?(3)
Physical concerns - injury
Psychological concerns - depression, stress
Social concerns - dissatisfaction with social life
Factors causing burnout ?(2)
Perfectionism
Negative social interaction
AAS Public health issues?
342% increase use
763k using
What is competition ?
Process of comparing an individual’s performance to a standard in the presence of someone familiar with the criteria and able to evaluate the comparison
Effects of competition on exercise?
Resembles an acute psychological stressor, indicating it is arousing, engaging, challenging and effortful
identify and explain 3 modes of social interdependence?
Negative goal interdependence
- one’s goal can only be achieved if others fail
to achieve their goal
- happens when we compete with others
Positive goal interdependence
- one’s goal can be achieved if others also
achieve their goal
- happens when we cooperate with others
Null goal interdependence
- one’s goal can be achieved regardless of
whether others achieve their goal
- happens when we perform as individuals
Types of competition?
Pure Competition - Winner takes all
Pure cooperation - Individuals work together
Individual - Do your best
