Sport performance and health

Question 1

What is AAS?

Answer 1

Anabolic - Androgenic Steroids - Synthetic hormones for increased muscle growth and repair, imitating steroids.

Question 2

Drivers of use of AAS? (6)

Answer 2

Competitive edge in sport
Muscle dysmorphia / Body dissatisfaction
Eating disorders
Adverse childhood experiences
Desire to increase size

Question 3

What are the groups of harms associated with AAS miss-use?

Answer 3

Cosmetic
Physical
Psychological
Neurological

Question 4

Cosmetic Harms of AAS?(4)

Answer 4

Acne
Increased bodily hair
Baldness
Abscesses

Question 4

Physical Harms of AAS? (7)

Answer 4

Muscle/tendon damage
Cholesterol imbalances
Elevated RBCs
Lowering of voice
Gyno
Clitoral enlargement

Question 4

Psychological Harms of AAS?(7)

Answer 4

Decreased/increased libido
Depression
Increased anxiety
Mood swings
Insomnia
Increased body checking

Question 4

Describe AAS Dependence ?

Answer 4

Many users develop a dependence on these substances, contributing to worsened physical and mental health outcomes

Question 5

Neurological Harms of AAS?

Answer 5

Thinner cortices
Reduced brain volume
↑ brain aging
↓ Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - important for memory/learning

Question 6

Effects of exercise on anxiety/depression?

Answer 6

Positive, as good as treatment but not better.

Question 7

What is linked to sedentary lifestyle?(6)

Answer 7

Risk of mortality
CV disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Osteoperosis
Mental health issues eg anxiety/depression

Question 8

What is body image dissatisfaction?

Answer 8

Impaired vision with non existent or slight defect in bodily appearance.

Question 9

What is muscle dysmorphia?

Answer 9

Pre-occupation that body is insufficiently lean or muscular.

Question 10

Describe the 2 main eating disorders?

Answer 10

Anorexia nervosa - relentless drive for thinness with fear of weight gain
Bulimia - Binge eating followed by methods to avoid weight gain

Question 11

Symptom categories for ED? (8)

Answer 11

Oral
Gastrointestinal
Endocrine
Neuropsychiatric
Cardiorespiratory
Musculoskeletal
Dermatological
Renal

Question 12

What is exercise dependence ?

Answer 12

No single definition but it is a pattern of exercise which if disrupted leads to distress

Question 13

What is burnout?

Answer 13

Physical, emotional and social withdrawal from a formerly enjoyable sport activity

Question 14

Effects of burnout?(3)

Answer 14

Physical concerns - injury
Psychological concerns - depression, stress
Social concerns - dissatisfaction with social life

Question 15

Factors causing burnout ?(2)

Answer 15

Perfectionism
Negative social interaction

Question 16

AAS Public health issues?

Answer 16

342% increase use
763k using

Question 17

What is competition ?

Answer 17

Process of comparing an individual’s performance to a standard in the presence of someone familiar with the criteria and able to evaluate the comparison

Question 18

Effects of competition on exercise?

Answer 18

Resembles an acute psychological stressor, indicating it is arousing, engaging, challenging and effortful

Question 19

identify and explain 3 modes of social interdependence?

Answer 19

Negative goal interdependence
- one’s goal can only be achieved if others fail
to achieve their goal
- happens when we compete with others

Positive goal interdependence
- one’s goal can be achieved if others also
achieve their goal
- happens when we cooperate with others

Null goal interdependence
- one’s goal can be achieved regardless of
whether others achieve their goal
- happens when we perform as individuals

Question 20

Types of competition?

Answer 20

Pure Competition - Winner takes all
Pure cooperation - Individuals work together
Individual - Do your best