Goal Setting

Question 1

What are the two types of goals?

Answer 1

Objective goal
Subjective goal

Question 2

What’s the difference between Objective and Subjective goals?

Answer 2

An objective goal is attaining a specific standard within a time limit whereas a subjective goal is mainly the statement of intent

Question 3

What are the 3 sub types of goals?

Answer 3

Outcome goals
Performance goals
Process goals

Question 4

What is the focus of Outcome goals? (3)

Answer 4

Focus on results.
Product orientated
Based off of social comparisons

Question 5

What is the focus of Performance goals? (2)

Answer 5

Specify end product of performance
Achieved independently

Question 6

What is the focus of Process goals?

Answer 6

Specify behaviour/actions during performance
Improving form/technique/strategies

Question 7

+ of Outcome goals? & example?

Answer 7

Facilitate movement away from the competition
Eg hard gym sessions, aids in completing unenjoyable activities

Question 8

— of Outcome goals? (3)

Answer 8

Often uncontrollable
Can increase anxiety/negative thoughts
Can distract and/or increase irrelevant thoughts during competition

Question 9

+ of Performance and Process goals?

Answer 9

More controllable (as it is more yourself)
Less dependable on others

Question 10

– of Performance and Process goals?

Answer 10

Can lead to overthinking and anxiety (more performance goals)
Difficult to prioritise them

Question 11

What does a SMART goal stand for?

Answer 11

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time based

Question 12

Describe Specific goals?(2)

Answer 12

Focused and easy to understand
Show others exactly what they’re trying to achieve and can easily see whether goal has been achieved.

Question 13

Describe difficult but realistic goals?

Answer 13

Strike the right balance, if it is too easy it has little value and when it is too hard it causes frustration, lack of confidence and poor performance etc.

Question 14

Describe long term and short term goals?

Answer 14

Long term goals provide direction, short term goals help make the long term goal achievable by maintains focus.

Question 15

Study findings on performance, process and outcome goals?

Answer 15

Early research found encouraged use of performance/process goals, perceived control and self confidence
More recently research found a balanced use of all 3 types of goals is effective

Question 16

Explain Mastery Approach x Performance Avoidance? (4)

Answer 16

Mastery approach - improve
Mastery avoidance - don’t do worse
Performance approach - finish
Performance avoidance - don’t finish worse

Question 17

Describe practice and competition goals?

Answer 17

Emphasise often on competition goals
Spent lots of time practicing so set goals in practice

Question 18

Describe record goals?

Answer 18

Goals should be recorded not displayed to be easily seen Eg diary, phones, apps, cards
The more efficient method of recording the more useful

Question 19

Describe goal achievement strategies?

Answer 19

No point in setting goals if you don’t identify specific strategies to achieve them.
Strategies can be thought as mini goals to help achieve the main goal.

Question 20

what to consider with participant personalities and motivations?

Answer 20

Personality, motivation and goal tendencies will influence the type of goals and effectiveness of the process
High achievers readily seek out and adopt challenging but realistic goals.

Question 21

Describe foster individuals goal commitment as a goal setting principle?

Answer 21

A goal will not be achieved without commitment
Must have feedback - from coaches/instructors
Own it

Question 22

Describe how providing goal support is an effective principle?

Answer 22

Others beyond coaches should support the person
Support can come from reviewing goals, asking about progress, empathising with struggles.

Question 23

Describe effectiveness of evaluation and feedback of goals?

Answer 23

Feedback is essential for progress
Important to follow up on goal evaluation and be specific

Question 24

Goal setting problems?(6)

Answer 24

Convincing people to set goals
Failing to set specific goals
Failing to adjust goals
Failing to recognise individual differences
Not providing follow up evaluation
Setting unrealistic goals

Question 25

How does goal setting work? - Mechanistic view

Answer 25

Goals influence performance in one of four direct ways…
1) Direct attention to important elements of the skill performed
2) Mobilise efforts
3) Prolong persistence
4) Foster development of new learning strategies

Question 26

How does goal setting work? - Indirect thought-process view

Answer 26

performance is influenced by goals leading to changes
in psychological factors like
1) Lowered anxiety
2) Greater confidence
3) Improved self-regulation
4) Being better at coping with failure