Goal Setting Flashcards
What are the two types of goals?
Objective goal
Subjective goal
What’s the difference between Objective and Subjective goals?
An objective goal is attaining a specific standard within a time limit whereas a subjective goal is mainly the statement of intent
What are the 3 sub types of goals?
Outcome goals
Performance goals
Process goals
What is the focus of Outcome goals? (3)
Focus on results.
Product orientated
Based off of social comparisons
What is the focus of Performance goals? (2)
Specify end product of performance
Achieved independently
What is the focus of Process goals?
Specify behaviour/actions during performance
Improving form/technique/strategies
+ of Outcome goals? & example?
Facilitate movement away from the competition
Eg hard gym sessions, aids in completing unenjoyable activities
— of Outcome goals? (3)
Often uncontrollable
Can increase anxiety/negative thoughts
Can distract and/or increase irrelevant thoughts during competition
+ of Performance and Process goals?
More controllable (as it is more yourself)
Less dependable on others
– of Performance and Process goals?
Can lead to overthinking and anxiety (more performance goals)
Difficult to prioritise them
What does a SMART goal stand for?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time based
Describe Specific goals?(2)
Focused and easy to understand
Show others exactly what they’re trying to achieve and can easily see whether goal has been achieved.
Describe difficult but realistic goals?
Strike the right balance, if it is too easy it has little value and when it is too hard it causes frustration, lack of confidence and poor performance etc.
Describe long term and short term goals?
Long term goals provide direction, short term goals help make the long term goal achievable by maintains focus.
Study findings on performance, process and outcome goals?
Early research found encouraged use of performance/process goals, perceived control and self confidence
More recently research found a balanced use of all 3 types of goals is effective
Explain Mastery Approach x Performance Avoidance? (4)
Mastery approach - improve
Mastery avoidance - don’t do worse
Performance approach - finish
Performance avoidance - don’t finish worse
Describe practice and competition goals?
Emphasise often on competition goals
Spent lots of time practicing so set goals in practice
Describe record goals?
Goals should be recorded not displayed to be easily seen Eg diary, phones, apps, cards
The more efficient method of recording the more useful
Describe goal achievement strategies?
No point in setting goals if you don’t identify specific strategies to achieve them.
Strategies can be thought as mini goals to help achieve the main goal.
what to consider with participant personalities and motivations?
Personality, motivation and goal tendencies will influence the type of goals and effectiveness of the process
High achievers readily seek out and adopt challenging but realistic goals.
Describe foster individuals goal commitment as a goal setting principle?
A goal will not be achieved without commitment
Must have feedback - from coaches/instructors
Own it
Describe how providing goal support is an effective principle?
Others beyond coaches should support the person
Support can come from reviewing goals, asking about progress, empathising with struggles.
Describe effectiveness of evaluation and feedback of goals?
Feedback is essential for progress
Important to follow up on goal evaluation and be specific
Goal setting problems?(6)
Convincing people to set goals
Failing to set specific goals
Failing to adjust goals
Failing to recognise individual differences
Not providing follow up evaluation
Setting unrealistic goals
How does goal setting work? - Mechanistic view
Goals influence performance in one of four direct ways…
1) Direct attention to important elements of the skill performed
2) Mobilise efforts
3) Prolong persistence
4) Foster development of new learning strategies
How does goal setting work? - Indirect thought-process view
performance is influenced by goals leading to changes
in psychological factors like
1) Lowered anxiety
2) Greater confidence
3) Improved self-regulation
4) Being better at coping with failure
