Sport Injuries Flashcards
What are the two types of injuries?
Chronic injuries- occurs over a period of time, associated with repetitive/ continuous use or strain
Acute injuries- Sudden injuries associated with a traumatic event
What are hard bone and soft tissue injuries?
Hard tissue- bones, joints and cartilage
Soft tissue- ligaments, tendons and muscles
What is a bone fracture?
Break or crack occurs in part or all of the bone
Identify and describe 4 hard tissue injuries?
Simple- bone breaks but skin remains unbroken
Greenstick- young bones where the bone bends and partially breaks
Comminuted- bone shatters into three or more pieces
Dislocation- caused by sudden impact and forces the bones at the joints to separate from each other. Joint appears deformed, lots of pain and unable to move. Lots of swelling
Identity and describe 4 soft tissue injuries ?
Contusion- technical name for a bruise. Blood vessels tear beneath the skin surface. Caused by impact, collision or fall
Haematoma- heavy bruising cause by ruptured blood vessels.lots of bleeding and swelling in the areas
Sprain- tear to a ligament. Common in ankle
Strain- tear to a tendon and or muscle tissue (grade 1= 5%, grade 2= 5-95%, grade 3= total rupture)
Identify and describe 3 soft tissue acute injuries?
Abrasion- scraping of the skin on a surface. Increased risk of infections particularly if lots of skin is removed. Most serious abrasions could require stitches
Blisters-friction causes layers of skin to separate and fluid to build up between them. Often caused by incorrect footwear
Concussion- trauma to the brain often due to a direct blow to the head. Symptoms include: memory loss- headaches- dizzy-drowsy-vacant
Describe chronic injuries?
Stress fracture- hairline crack on bones surface. Caused by relative forces through the bone.
Shin splints- overuse of the tibilias anterior. Common in distance runners who train repeatedly on hard surfaces. Also caused by inadequate footwear/ or poor running technique. Treatment is rest for prolonged period of time
What acronym is used to assess an injury?
SALTAPS
Describe and identify saltaps?
Stop & see- what happened? Impact, landing, pulled up
Ask- what happened? Severity of pain? Type of pain? Location of pain?
Look?- swelling? Deformity? Bruising?bleeding?
Touch? Will they let you touch it? Can you feel any swelling, deformity? Can they feel you touching them?
Active- can they move the injured area themselves?
Passive- will they let you move the injured area for them
Strength- can they weight bare/ out force through the injured area
How would you deal with a suspected conusssion?
- Recognise- symptoms of a concussion= confusion, memory loss, nausea, dizziness, fatigue
- Remove- take they away immediately if you suspect concussion
- Refer- refer the performer to a neurological specialist who is trained in dealing with concussions
4.rest- performer must rest until they are symptom free
- Recover- performer must fully recover and this must be authorised by a medical professional
- Return- performer is now clear to return to competitive action.
When is “PRICE” used?
To manage the short term injuries a player may experience
Describe PRICE?
Protect- protect your injury from further damage- like using a splint
Rest- rest injury for first two or three days- use crutches if injured and want to be mobile, reintroduce movement gradually so you don’t delay recovery by losing muscle strength
Ice- ice the painful area with a cold compress such as ice or bag of frozen peas wrapped in a towel- helps reduce swelling and bruising-don’t apply ice directly to skin as it may damage it
Compress- compress injured area with an elastic bandage to help limit swelling and movement.- but don’t leave bandage on as you sleep
Elevate- elevate your injury by resting it above the level of your heart and keep it supported- could mean lying on the sofa with your foot on so,e cushions if you’ve injured your leg
