Energy Systems Flashcards
How long does ATP last for?
Lasts for 3 seconds
Where is ATP broken down?
ATP is broken down in the muscles
How is ATP broken down?
- ATPase attaches to third phosphate molecule and breaks it off
- Energy is then released
- Energy released gives us 3 seconds of work as it allows our muscles to contract
identify these 3 things for the breakdown of ATP: the fuel, enzyme, products?
-fuel= ATP
-enzyme= ATPase
-products= ADP + (P) phosphate + (E) energy
What is the ATP-PC energy system used for?
To resynthessize ATP after it runs out
Where is phosphocreatine located?
In the muscles
What enzyme breaks down phosphocreatine?
Kinase
When PC is broken down what is the products?
(P) phosphate + (C) creatine + energy
how is ATP resynthesized from the energy produced from the break down of PC?
Used to fuse the spare phosphate (from ADP + P from the breakdown of ATP) to turn ADP to ATP
What is the equation for the resynthezize of ATP?
E + P + ADP = ATP
e-energy
p-phosphate
How many moles of ATP is produced for the resynthesize of ATP and how long does it last for?
1 mole
lasts for 10 seconds
For the PC-ATP energy store identify the fuel, the enzyme, products?
Fuel- PC
enzyme- creatine kinase
products- phosphate (P) + (C) creatine + energy
What type of sport is the PC-ATP store used in?
Low duration/ anerobic work/ high intensity
e.g: sprint in football & scoring in football
When is the glycolic system used?
After the first 1-2 minutes of high intensity excersise
&
After the PC and ATP stores have been exhausted
Describe the process of how glucose gets broken down in the glycolytic system?
Glucose is broken down via glycolysis to release enough energy to resynthesise 2 moles of ATP and a side product of pyruvic acid (which is a weak acid)
What type of system is the glycolytic system?
An anaerobic system so there is no oxygen available
Describe how Latic acid is produced in the glycolytic system?
-due to no oxygen being available pyruvic acid is converted into latic acid
What are the effects of lactic acid on the body?
Due to lactic acid being a strong acid it causes pain, soreness and fatigue- which is caused by lactic acid inhibiting enzymes
What are the positives of the glycolytic system?
- it’s anaerobic so it’s quick energy production as we don’t have to wait for oxygen to become available
- we can produce this rapid energy source up to 2 minutes
What are the disadvantages of the glycolytic system?
-in the absence of oxygen pyruvic acid is going to turn into lactic acid which creates pain, soreness and fatigue
-when breaking down 1 molecule of glucose 2 moles of ATP are formed- which isn’t a lot= low energy yield
What is the equation for the release of enough energy to resynthesis 2 moles of ATP in the glycolysis system?
Energy + 2P + 2ADP -> 2ATP
What are the stages of the aerobic system?
- Aerobic glycolysis
- Kerbs cycle
- Electron transport chain
Describe the process of aerobic glycolysis in the aerobic system?
- Muscle and liver glycogen is broken down into glucose which releases 2 moles of ATP- by the enzyme GPP
- Then glucose is further broken down into pyruvate by the enzyme PFK
- then in the presence of oxygen pyruvate binds to co enzyme A to produce A cetyle Co enzyme A
Where does aerobic glycolysis in the aerobic system take place?
In the sacoplasam
Describe stage 2 of the kerb cycle in the aerobic system?
Co enzyme A reacts with oxaloacetic acid to produce citric acid with makes its way into the kerb cycle what produces:
-electrons
-carbon dioxide
-2 moles of ATP
-protons
Where does the kerb cycle take place?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
Describe stage 3, the electron transport chain, of the aerobic energy system?
- NAD & FAD bind to the electrons and protons to produce reduced NAD & FAD (NADH & FADH)
- Then the electrons bind to the electron transport chain producing 34 moles of ATP
- Protons bind to the electron transport chain which produces water
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
The cristae of the mitochondria
What are the advantages of the aerobic energy system?
- Large fuel stores of glycogen/ fats allowing long duration of ATP resynthesis
- High ATP yield (38 ATP)
- No fatiguing bi products
What are the disadvantages of the aerobic energy system?
- Delay of O2 delivery and a series of complex reactions delays ATP resynthesis
- Slow energy re-synthesise limits intensity to sub-maximal
What is the energy continuum?
The relative contribution of each energy system in exercise based upon intensity and duration
How is the energy continuum structured ?
At the short duration end: you have ATP, then ATP/PC, then Lactic acid then closest to the long duration is aerobic system
What is intermittent excercise?
This is a type of exercise where the level of intensity changes, this could be during interval trading or due to stops/ breaks in a game
E.g: footballer changes between sprints, jogs and walks
What is the threshold in intermittent exercise?
This is the point at which a performers predominant energy system changes
What type of sports is the aerobic system involved in?
Low-moderate/ sub-maximal intensity
What are the advantages of the atp-pc system?
-No delay for oxygen, as PC readily available in the muscle cell
-simple and rapid breakdown of PC and resynthesis of ATP provides energy for very high intensity activities
What are disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?
Low ATP yield and small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds
What is the threshold?
Point at which the predominant fibre type switches
Explain the changes in predominant energy systems in an event?
1st threshold= ATP/PC system but runs out after 10 seconds so then…
2nd threshold= lactic acid because there’s still a high intensity but due to the high blood acidity pain and fatigue…
3rd threshold= aerobic system takes over because there’s now a decreased intensity
What does it mean when lactic acid inhibits PFK?
Absence if O2 means pyruvic acid is converted lactic acid by LDH
Which causes quality of performance to decease because there’s less ATP which causes OBLA
How does recovery effect intermittent exercise?
The greater the recovery/ rate the greater the fuel of anaerobic energy systems (PC/glycolytic) can be replenished
How does intensity effect intermittent exercise?
The higher the intensity the greater the use of anaerobic energy systems (PC/ Glycolytic) because…
Of all the positives of these systems
