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A-level P.E > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

How long does ATP last for?

A

Lasts for 3 seconds

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2
Q

Where is ATP broken down?

A

ATP is broken down in the muscles

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3
Q

How is ATP broken down?

A
  1. ATPase attaches to third phosphate molecule and breaks it off
  2. Energy is then released
  3. Energy released gives us 3 seconds of work as it allows our muscles to contract
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4
Q

identify these 3 things for the breakdown of ATP: the fuel, enzyme, products?

A

-fuel= ATP
-enzyme= ATPase
-products= ADP + (P) phosphate + (E) energy

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5
Q

What is the ATP-PC energy system used for?

A

To resynthessize ATP after it runs out

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6
Q

Where is phosphocreatine located?

A

In the muscles

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7
Q

What enzyme breaks down phosphocreatine?

A

Kinase

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8
Q

When PC is broken down what is the products?

A

(P) phosphate + (C) creatine + energy

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9
Q

how is ATP resynthesized from the energy produced from the break down of PC?

A

Used to fuse the spare phosphate (from ADP + P from the breakdown of ATP) to turn ADP to ATP

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10
Q

What is the equation for the resynthezize of ATP?

A

E + P + ADP = ATP

e-energy
p-phosphate

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11
Q

How many moles of ATP is produced for the resynthesize of ATP and how long does it last for?

A

1 mole

lasts for 10 seconds

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12
Q

For the PC-ATP energy store identify the fuel, the enzyme, products?

A

Fuel- PC
enzyme- creatine kinase
products- phosphate (P) + (C) creatine + energy

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13
Q

What type of sport is the PC-ATP store used in?

A

Low duration/ anerobic work/ high intensity

e.g: sprint in football & scoring in football

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14
Q

When is the glycolic system used?

A

After the first 1-2 minutes of high intensity excersise

&

After the PC and ATP stores have been exhausted

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15
Q

Describe the process of how glucose gets broken down in the glycolytic system?

A

Glucose is broken down via glycolysis to release enough energy to resynthesise 2 moles of ATP and a side product of pyruvic acid (which is a weak acid)

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16
Q

What type of system is the glycolytic system?

A

An anaerobic system so there is no oxygen available

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17
Q

Describe how Latic acid is produced in the glycolytic system?

A

-due to no oxygen being available pyruvic acid is converted into latic acid

18
Q

What are the effects of lactic acid on the body?

A

Due to lactic acid being a strong acid it causes pain, soreness and fatigue- which is caused by lactic acid inhibiting enzymes

19
Q

What are the positives of the glycolytic system?

A
  • it’s anaerobic so it’s quick energy production as we don’t have to wait for oxygen to become available
  • we can produce this rapid energy source up to 2 minutes
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of the glycolytic system?

A

-in the absence of oxygen pyruvic acid is going to turn into lactic acid which creates pain, soreness and fatigue

-when breaking down 1 molecule of glucose 2 moles of ATP are formed- which isn’t a lot= low energy yield

21
Q

What is the equation for the release of enough energy to resynthesis 2 moles of ATP in the glycolysis system?

A

Energy + 2P + 2ADP -> 2ATP

22
Q

What are the stages of the aerobic system?

A
  1. Aerobic glycolysis
  2. Kerbs cycle
  3. Electron transport chain
23
Q

Describe the process of aerobic glycolysis in the aerobic system?

A
  1. Muscle and liver glycogen is broken down into glucose which releases 2 moles of ATP- by the enzyme GPP
  2. Then glucose is further broken down into pyruvate by the enzyme PFK
  3. then in the presence of oxygen pyruvate binds to co enzyme A to produce A cetyle Co enzyme A
24
Q

Where does aerobic glycolysis in the aerobic system take place?

A

In the sacoplasam

25
Q

Describe stage 2 of the kerb cycle in the aerobic system?

A

Co enzyme A reacts with oxaloacetic acid to produce citric acid with makes its way into the kerb cycle what produces:

-electrons
-carbon dioxide
-2 moles of ATP
-protons

26
Q

Where does the kerb cycle take place?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

27
Q

Describe stage 3, the electron transport chain, of the aerobic energy system?

A
  1. NAD & FAD bind to the electrons and protons to produce reduced NAD & FAD (NADH & FADH)
  2. Then the electrons bind to the electron transport chain producing 34 moles of ATP
  3. Protons bind to the electron transport chain which produces water
28
Q

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

A

The cristae of the mitochondria

29
Q

What are the advantages of the aerobic energy system?

A
  1. Large fuel stores of glycogen/ fats allowing long duration of ATP resynthesis
  2. High ATP yield (38 ATP)
  3. No fatiguing bi products
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of the aerobic energy system?

A
  1. Delay of O2 delivery and a series of complex reactions delays ATP resynthesis
  2. Slow energy re-synthesise limits intensity to sub-maximal
31
Q

What is the energy continuum?

A

The relative contribution of each energy system in exercise based upon intensity and duration

32
Q

How is the energy continuum structured ?

A

At the short duration end: you have ATP, then ATP/PC, then Lactic acid then closest to the long duration is aerobic system

33
Q

What is intermittent excercise?

A

This is a type of exercise where the level of intensity changes, this could be during interval trading or due to stops/ breaks in a game

E.g: footballer changes between sprints, jogs and walks

34
Q

What is the threshold in intermittent exercise?

A

This is the point at which a performers predominant energy system changes

35
Q

What type of sports is the aerobic system involved in?

A

Low-moderate/ sub-maximal intensity

36
Q

What are the advantages of the atp-pc system?

A

-No delay for oxygen, as PC readily available in the muscle cell

-simple and rapid breakdown of PC and resynthesis of ATP provides energy for very high intensity activities

37
Q

What are disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?

A

Low ATP yield and small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds

38
Q

What is the threshold?

A

Point at which the predominant fibre type switches

39
Q

Explain the changes in predominant energy systems in an event?

A

1st threshold= ATP/PC system but runs out after 10 seconds so then…
2nd threshold= lactic acid because there’s still a high intensity but due to the high blood acidity pain and fatigue…
3rd threshold= aerobic system takes over because there’s now a decreased intensity

40
Q

What does it mean when lactic acid inhibits PFK?

A

Absence if O2 means pyruvic acid is converted lactic acid by LDH

Which causes quality of performance to decease because there’s less ATP which causes OBLA

41
Q

How does recovery effect intermittent exercise?

A

The greater the recovery/ rate the greater the fuel of anaerobic energy systems (PC/glycolytic) can be replenished

42
Q

How does intensity effect intermittent exercise?

A

The higher the intensity the greater the use of anaerobic energy systems (PC/ Glycolytic) because…

Of all the positives of these systems

A-level P.E (12 decks)

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