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A-level P.E > Diet > Flashcards

Diet Flashcards

1
Q

What is a balanced diet made up of?

A

55% carbohydrates, 15% proteins and 30% of fats

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2
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Store excess glucose as glycogen and turn it into glucose when needed

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3
Q

What can athletes gain from carbohydrates?

A

Can allows aerobic and anaerobic energy production

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4
Q

What is an example of a source of carbohydrates?

A

Potatoes and fruit

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5
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Allow growth and repair of muscles, makes haemoglobin and enzyme and muscle production

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6
Q

What can athletes gain from proteins?

A

Faster recovery from training

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7
Q

What is an example of a source of protein?

A

Eggs and meat

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8
Q

What is the function of fats?

A

Aerobic energy production- 2x the energy yield of carbohydrates

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9
Q

What are the two types of fats?

A

Saturated and unsaturated

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10
Q

What type of fat is unhealthy for an individual?

A

Saturated fat and it can lead to weight gain/ cardiovascular disease

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11
Q

What is an example of saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

-saturated- bacon

-unsaturated- avocado

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12
Q

What is the function of minerals?

A

Increase in enzyme production which breaks down fuel

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13
Q

What can athletes gain from minerals?

A

Prevents bones from fracturing

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14
Q

What is an example of a source of minerals?

A

Calcium and iron

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15
Q

What is the function of vitamins?

A

Increased immunity

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16
Q

What can athletes gain from vitamins?

A

Increases the ability to train and perform without disruption

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17
Q

What is an example of a source of vitamin?

A

A-antioxidant, B-breakdown of food

18
Q

What is the function of fibre?

A

Used for the Efficiency of the digestive system

19
Q

What do athletes gain from fibre?

A

Allows athletes to absorb more nutrients for energy production

20
Q

What is a source of fibre?

A

Cereal

21
Q

What is the function of water?

A

-allows blood transport, due to 90% of blood plasma being water which delivers glucose to the muscles

-regulates temperature via sweat- lack of water leads to dehydration which decreases blood plasma volume and increases heart rate

-

22
Q

What is energy expenditure a sum of?

A

Basal metabolic rate (BMR), the térmica effect of food (TEF) and the energy expenditure in physical activity.

23
Q

What is Thermic effect of food?

A

It’s the energy required to absorb food

24
Q

What is the physical activity energy expenditure?

A

The total number of calories required to perform daily tasks in estimated MET values

25
Q

What is MET?

A

The ratio of of a performers metabolic rate to restring metabolic rate

26
Q

What is BMR?

A

The calories needed to maintain vital functions

27
Q

What are ergogenic aids?

A

A substance, object or method used to improve or enhance performance

28
Q

What are pharmacological aids?

A

A group of ergogenic aids taken to increase the levels of hormones or neural transmitters naturally produced in the body.

29
Q

Why are anabolic steroids taken?

A

To promote protein synthesis and muscle growth

30
Q

What sports is anabolic steroids usually associated with?

A

Sprinters, throwers and rugby players

31
Q

What are the positives of anabolic steroids?

A

-increased speed of recovery
- increased intensity and duration of trading
- increased muscle mass and strength

32
Q

What are the risks of anabolic steroids?

A

-aggression
-mood swings
- Acne

33
Q

Why is RhEPO taken by athletes?

A

To increase red blood cell production

34
Q

What sport performers is RhEPO associated with?

A

Endurance performers

35
Q

What are the positives of RhEPO?

A

-increase red blood cells & haemoglobin count

  • increased intensity and duration of performance before fatigue
36
Q

What are the negatives of RhEPO?

A

increased risk of blood clots and heart failure

  • decreased natural production of EPO
37
Q

Why is human growth hormone taken?

A

Increases protein synthesis for muscle growth, recovery and repair

38
Q

What sports performers is human growth hormone associating with?

A

-power lifters
-body builders

39
Q

What are the positives of human growth hormone?

A

-increased muscle mass and strength
- increased speed of recovery
-increased blood glucose levels

40
Q

What are the negatives of human growth hormone?

A

increased risk of certain cancers and diabetes
- abnormal bone and muscle development

A-level P.E (12 decks)

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