Exam Mistakes Flashcards
What is acclimatisation?
It’s when the body adapts to lower O2 level
What is an example of acclimatisation?
Higher number of red blood cells
Why is the ATP store used for short sporting movements?
- because ATP breakdown provides energy for immediate need
-ATP breakdown provides energy for very high intensity
What is explosive strength?
The ability to produce maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid muscular contractions
What is is strength endurance?
The ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions over a period of time with standing fatigue
Describe limb kinematics?
-It’s the 3D analysis of a sporting action
- can be used to spot poor technique and improve it
What is the energy continuum?
-The relative contribution of each energy system
What is the energy continuum based upon?
It’s based upon the intensity and duration of the sport
Describe the mechanism of vascular shunt?
-vasomotor control is used
- arterioles leading to the working muscles vasodilate
- Pre capillary sphincters dilate leading to working muscles
- the arterioles to the organs Vaso constrict to reduce blood flow
-pre capillary sphincters leading to organs constrict
Describe why the tidal volume between a trained athlete is different to an untrained athlete?
-trained athlete= more efficient O2 utilisation
-higher red blood cell count
- fewer breaths per minute to bring more air in
Describe the process of blood doping?
-blood is removed and stored and then it’s re injected into the athlete after 4 weeks
Describe an accute injury?
They are injuries which occur suddenly while participating in physical activity, associated with trauma e.g: fraction
Describe what a chronic injury is?
Injury which occurs over a period of time, it’s slow and due to poor technique
Give 2 examples of chronic injuries?
Shin splints, stress fracture
Give 2 examples of an a cute injury?
Sprain and fraction
Describe the process of treating acute injuries?
-P- protection= stop playing and protect player and injury
-R-rest= allow injury to heal and prevent further damage
-I- ice= apply ice indirectly to skin to reduce inflammation
-C-compression= compress the injury with tear tape
-E- elevation= raise the injury above heart leaves to reduce blood flow to area
Describe factors which allow gymnast to perform the splits?
-warm up- increased temperature of tissue which leads to greater ROM at hips
-greater elasticity of connective tissue= greater ROM at hips
-younger people= greater ROM at hips
Describe an adaptation of flexibility training?
-increased elasticity of connective muscle tissue
- reduced inhibition of stretch reflex
Describe HITT training?
-periods of high intensity work followed by periods of rest
-full sessions last for 20-60 minutes
-exercise= cycling running, star jumps
- work intensity= 80-90%
What’s an advantage of using HITT?
Individuals with all different fitness levels can train together as a group
Describe how inspiration changes during exercise?
-external intercostal contract with more force= volume of thoracic cavity
- greater decrease in pressure= more air enters lungs
- sterncleidomastid/ pectoralis minor assist= greater volume= more air in
Describe how expiration changes during excercise?
-internal intercostals/ rectus abdomins contract= reducing volume of thoracic cavity
-increase in pressure in lungs forcing more air out of the lungs
- expiration becomes an active process
-greater volume out/ in= greater rate of gas exchange
Describe adaptations made by the metabolic system after aerobic training?
-increased aerobic enzyme activity= increased metabolism of glycogen
- reduced fat mass= increased lean mass
Describe muscular adaptations made by aerobic training?
-muscle hypertrophy of slow oxidative twitch
-increased size of mitochondria= more aerobic energy produced
&
Increased endurance
Describe dynamic strength?
Force applied with movement
E.g: throwing javelin
Describe static strength?
Force applied with no force
E.g: crufix ring in gymnastics
Describe maximum strength?
Greatest force applied in a single contraction
E.g: deadlift
Why is flexibility needed for a javelin thrower?
So they can gain more distance
What are adaptations of flexibility training?
-increased ROM= reduced risk of injury- side step in rugby
- increased elasticity of muscle tissues= stretch reflex is initiated at a greater range of motion
-increased power can be generated= increased stretch/ relaxation of antagonists
- improved posture= prevent chronic injuries
Give structural adaptation of FOG fibres?
- large motor unit- allows large force of contraction
-high capillary density- allows more oxygenated blood to muscles
- good mitochondrial density- more sites of aerobic respiration
What is a structural feature of the fast oxidative fibres?
Good resistance to fatigue- high intensity work
= good for game players= football
How can injuries be assessed?
S- see what happens
A- ask what happened
L- look for swelling
T- touch injures area
A-Active, ask player if they can move the injury
P-passive- move injury through full range of motion
S-strength- ask player to stand and put pressure on injury
How can injuries be treated?
P- protection- protect injury
R-rest- allow injury to heal
I- apply ice to the injured area ti get rid of swelling
C-compress the injured area
E-elevate injury to prevent blood going to it
How do you treat concussions?
R-recognise
R- remove
R-refer (hospital)
R-rest
R- recover
R-return
Describe intrinsic factors?
-previous injury
-posture and alignment issues
-Age
-nutrition
Describe extrinsic factors?
-Incorrect equipment and clothing
-poor technique and training
- inappropriate intensity, duration or frequency
