Sport In The 20th Century

Question 1

Gender in sport in the 20th century

Answer 1

(early 20th century)
• women still fulfilled traditional roles
• little time for sport
• women viewed as weaker sex
• limited range of sports available
• cultural views - stereotypes and discrimination
• lack of role models because:
• lack of professional athletes
• lack of media coverage
(late 20th century)
• traditional roles changed (more free time)
• more range of sports
• breakdown of stereotypes e.g. women’s rugby
• increased number of role models
• increased media coverage
• increased financial equality

Question 2

Social class and sport in the 20th century

Answer 2

• social class less defined
• some sports still linked to class (football - lower, rugby - upper)
• some sports accessible to all (cricket)
• increase in spectatorism in working class

Question 3

Education and sport in the 20th century

Answer 3

• public schools - games to promote ethics + values
• state schools - mass participation, fitness and discipline
• 1944 - education act - P.E. is compulsory

Question 4

Availability of time and sport in the 20th century

Answer 4

• working week continued to get shorter (57 hrs)
• work less manual
• home life more automated

Question 5

Availability of money and sport in the 20th century

Answer 5

• disposable income/wages increase
• opportunity still linked to income

Question 6

Transport and sport in the 20th century

Answer 6

• significant increase in private car ownership, opportunity to participate
• gradual increase in air travel, international fixtures, altitude + heat training

Question 7

Law and order and sport in the 20th century

Answer 7

• rules became more complex + structured e.g. shirt numbers
• all sports less violent

Question 8

What caused a rise in spectatorism in the 20th century

Answer 8

• half day Saturday - more time to attend
• income increased - more money for tickets/transport
• public transport - buses, trams made travel easier
• improved facilities - purpose built stadiums
• printed media - advertising in newspapers increased awareness
• club influence - clubs encouraged spectators to attend, to increase revenue
• paid players - professionalism raised standards and made games more entertaining