SPORT BIOMECHANICS

Question 1

____________________: The physics of athletic performance Gravitational, contact, internal and external forces all act upon the body.

Answer 1

SPORT BIOMECHANICS

Question 2

-
-

Answer 2

• the size of the BOS
• alignment/height of the COM relative to the BOS
• body proportions, friction, movement speed, visual aspects

Question 3

____________ at a joint depends on contact support from the articulating surfaces

Answer 3

FORM CLOSURE

Question 4

___________________= surfaces fit together tightly like a puzzle

Answer 4

HIGH FORM CLOSURE

Question 5

Overhead squat - Feet externally Rotate
Potential tightness -___________________
Potential Weakness- ____________________

Answer 5

PT.- Soleus, lateral Gastrocnemius

PW- Gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior

Question 6

Overhead squat - Feet Flatten Out
PT- _________________
PW- ________________

Answer 6

PT- Peroneal complex

PW- Tibialis posterior

Question 7

_____________________
Role-increase Muscle stiffness to control faulty movements
Functions-control of joint positions, proprioceptions > Activity is independent of movement direction; activation is continuous
EXAMPLE- TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS

Answer 7

LOCAL STABILIZERS

Question 8

__________________
Role- generate force to control range of movement

Functions-control the inner and outer ROM, deceleration forces > Activity is movement-direction dependent; activation is non-continuous

EXAMPLE-INTERNAL OBLIQUES

Answer 8

GLOBAL STABILIZERS

Question 9

________________________
Role- generate torque to produce movement.

Function-produce movement, absorb stress from impacts, acceleration forces.> Activity is movement-direction dependent; activation is non-continuous.

EXAMPLE-RECTUS ABDOMINIS

Answer 9

GLOBAL MOBILIZERS

Question 10

LOCAL TRUNK STABILITY
_______________: group of local muscles that stabilize the spine and the pelvic girdle
>Include the TVA, diaphragm, multidisciplinary and pelvic floor.
>Functions topically or physically to deal with internal and external forces
>considered the local stabilizers of the trunk.

Answer 10

INNER UNIT

Question 11

What are the muscle that make up the Inner Unit ?

Answer 11

TVA, Diaphragm, Pelvic Floor, Multfidus

Question 12

INNER UNIT - ___________

• delayed firing is linked to dysfunction and lower back pain.
• Maintains intra-abdominal Pressure
• Increase rigidity of the thoracolumbar fascia during loading.

Answer 12

TVA

Question 13

Inner UNIT- _____________

• respiratory muscle and local stabilizer with multi-faceted control.
• contraction occurs with the TVA
• Responds topically under sustained loading; physically during upper-body actions

Answer 13

DIAPHRAGM

Question 14

INNER UNIT-______________

• capture forces and anchors the pelvic girdle in response too proper bracing
• when weak, the abdominals take over and rotate the pelvis posteriorly.
• proper contraction while lifting is critical for ensuring spinal stability.

Answer 14

Pelvic Floor

Question 15

INNER UNIT-___________

• connects the moving segments of the vertebrae
• broadens upon contraction to increase rigidity in the thoracolumbar fascia.
• contraction with the TVA increases stiffness in the sacroiliac joint

Answer 15

MULTIFIDUS

Question 16

_________________

• functions to stabilize the spine and pelvis during movements involving the extremities
• works with the inner unit to transfer force from the hands and feet.
• Includes the sling systems-cooperative units of muscle and fascia designed to manage closed-chain actions.

Answer 16

OUTER UNIT

Question 17

Produce ________ of force that transfer loads across the body.

Answer 17

Slings

Question 18

_________________

-stabilize body segments and limit movement compensations.

Answer 18

Sling systems

Question 19

______________

- coordinate global mover activation to maximize acceleration

Answer 19

SLING SYSTEM

Question 20

What are the muscle that make up the sling system?

Answer 20

• Anterior Oblique
• Posterior Oblique
• Deep Longitudinal
• Lateral

Question 21

__________- impair joint function, compromise sling system coordination, reduce local/global system effectiveness and increase the risk for injury.

• genetic predisposition can increase the risk for distortions but many are developed over time.
• heavy loading without adequate form/force closure = movers and stabilizers can switch roles

Answer 21

Postural distortions

Question 22

What are some Postural Muscles at risk for distortion?

Answer 22

• UPPER TRAP
• LEVATOR SCAPULAE
• SPINAL EXTENSORS
• HIP FLEXORS

Question 23

What are some Phasic Muscles at risk for Distortion?

Answer 23

• LOW/MID TRAP
• ABDOMINALS
• GLUTEALS
• VASTUS MEDIALIS