Sport And Society And The Role Of Technology In Physical Activity And Sport (paper 2) Flashcards
What is data integrity?
-Maintaining and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of stored data over a lifetime
-Ensuring data is the same at the time of original recording and the time of information retrieval
How can data integrity be compromised?
-Human error when data is entered
-Errors occurring when data are transmitted from one computer to another
-Software bugs or viruses
-Hardware malfunctions such as disk crashes
How to minimise threats to data integrity?
-Regularly backing up data
-Controlling access to data and protecting against malicious intent via security mechanisms
-Designing interfaces which prevent the input of invalid data
-Taking care when entering data
-Using error detection and correction software when transmitting data
-Not leaving a compute unattended for unauthorised individuals to access
What are the possible sources of error when using a metabolic cart?
-Leakage of air
-Overfeeding or underfeeding may occur post-results, it also measures consumption not calorie needs
-Single snapshots are not as good as average results over longer time periods
-Human errors in taking measurements may occur
What Is an indirect calorimetry?
-A technique where the headgear from the cart is attached to the subject while they breathe for a specific amount of time.
-The subject’s inspired and expired gas flows, volumes and concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are all continually measured.
-These measurements are then translated into a head equivalent
-It is a non-invasive technique and is regarded as being relatively accurate.
What is a metabolic cart?
A device which works by attaching headgear to a subject while they breathe a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time.
What is a calorimetry?
The measurement of the heat and energy eliminated or stored in any system
What is an indirect calorimetry?
The measurement of the heat and energy generated in an oxidation reaction (ie a reaction where oxygen is gained)
What is validity?
An indication of whether the data collected actually measures what it claims to measure
What is reliability?
Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time
What is electrostimulation and how can it prevent injuries?
-The production of muscle contraction using electrical impulses
-Can prevent injuries by strengthening and toning the muscles
-helping to prevent losses in fitness levels via application to specific muscle groups, which maintains muscle tone during periods of inactivity
-Assisting in rehabilitation through the gradual strengthening of injured muscles via small incremental increases in workload on the muscles
-helping to get rid of lactic acid after a training session or competition, as well as decreasing muscle tension and potential injury by providing a relaxing effect to muscles.
Quantitative data
-numerical data
-data written/measured precisely
-eg. VO2 max test, heart rate monitor, statistical analysis from matches, surveys, questionnaires
-advantages: extremely factual, formal objective data, easy to compare
-disadvantages- not much detail, depth for whole performance
Qualitative data
-descriptive data and looks at the way people think or feel eg. Interviews/observations
-advantages: gain clear understanding of athlete experience, lots of detail
-disadvantages: open to interpretation/opinion (subjective), time consuming when analysing data, less meaningful data
How do Sport England work with national partners? (Active partnerships)
-Club development: better clubs allows more people to participate
-Coaching development: better coaches and more coaches improves the standard of performance
-Education programmes: increased awareness of the importance of health and fitness
-Equality/targeted campaigns: working to increase participation amount under-represented groups
-Facility development: more and better facilities allow more people to participate
-Funding and support: for grassroots sports to provide the facilities, coaches and equipment to increase participation
-Marketing and communication: to allow local clubs to spread the word about the opportunities which are available
-Safeguarding: allows local clubs to provide safe environments so everyone feels comfortable taking part
-Strategic network: working with other organisations to increase participation
-Volunteer development: provide more volunteer coaches and officials so clubs can effectively cater for more participants
Characteristics of commercial sport
(PEACS)
P- Professionalism
E- Entertainment industry
A- Athletes as commodities
C- Contracts
S- Sponsorship
