Memory Models (skill Acquisition)

Question 1

Components of Baddeley and Hitch (1978) Working memory model

Answer 1

-Central executive (general controller)
Slave systems:
-Phonological loop
-Visiospatial sketchpad
-Episodic buffer

Question 2

Describe the role of the Phonological loop

Answer 2

-Deals with auditory information from senses to produce the memory trace. Consists of the phonological store and articulatory control processes.
-Memory trace can be sent to the LTM to trigger a motor programme and produce movement
-Eg. When a teammate calls for the ball, the sound of the communication would be stored in the phonological loop

Question 3

Episodic buffer

Answer 3

-Retrieves information from LTM to help you understand what is in the working memory
-Communicates with other subsystems to send modified information from working memory back to LTM

Question 4

Central executive

Answer 4

Control centre of the working memory; controls information moving in and out and allocates tasks to slave systems

Question 5

Visio-spatial sketchpad

Answer 5

-Temporarily stores visual and spatial information and kinaesthetic information.
-eg. Your position in hockey vs where your teammate is positioned.

Question 6

Using a sporting example, describe the role of the episodic buffer

Answer 6

-The episodic buffer coordinates the work from the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad into sequences which is sent to the LTM.
-links the WM with LTM.
-Gathers information such as flight of the ball (VSS) and sound of teammates call (PL)

Question 7

Explain how the working memory and LTM work together

Answer 7

1) The working memory picks up relevant information from the display and selective attention
2)Working memory sends coded information to the LTM for future use and storage
3)Working memory produces a memory trace
4)Working memory works with the LTM to send the memory trace to the LTM so it can be compared to info already i the storage of the LTM.
5) The LTM sends information back to the working memory for use in the current sporting situation.

Question 8

Give a sporting example of how the WM and LTM work together

Answer 8

-In tennis, the working memory would send a image/ trace of the position of the opponent and the flight of the ball to the LTM so that the situation could be compared to information already Stored into the LTM.
-This would allow for an appropriate return shot to be decided upon.