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AQA A Level PE > Sport and Society (2) > Flashcards

Sport and Society (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical recreation ?

A

The active aspect of leisure, that is voluntary and in a persons free time, and they have a choice over what they do

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of physical recreation ?

A

Available to all

Modified rules

Limited competition

Self officiated

Limited skill and fitness

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3
Q

What are the induvial benefits of physical recreation ?

A

Improved health and wellbeing

Learn new skills

Stress relief and relaxation

Meet new people and be social

Enjoyment, self fulfilment, non-serious

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4
Q

What are the societal benefits of physical recreation ?

A

Reduces strain on the NHS

Increased employment

Occupies individuals

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5
Q

What is physical education ?

A

Curriculum timetabled time, which is delivered to all, and consists of a broad range of activities and extends understandings beyond physical activity

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of physical education ?

A

School environment

Adapted rules

Limited competition

Teacher led

Range of skill/ ability

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7
Q

What are the benefits of physical education ?

A

Health and fitness

Teamwork

Problem solving

Sportsmanship

Respect for others

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8
Q

What is sport ?

A

Institutionalised competitive activities that involve exertion and are complex physical skills, and players are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of sport ?

A

High level of organisation/ structure

Specialised kit and equipment

Strategies and tactics

Officials and formal rules

NGB’s

High level of competition

Commitment

Training and coaching

Sportsmanship

Media coverage

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10
Q

What are the benefits of sport ?

A

Health and fitness

Team work

Decision making

Problem solving

Rewards, fame, career

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11
Q

What is school sport ?

A

Structed learning that is beyond the curriculum, that takes place in school settings but is out of school hours and it forms a vital link with community sport

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of school sport ?

A

School environment

Adapted rules

Teacher led

Range of skill/ ability

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13
Q

What are the benefits of school sport ?

A

Health and fitness

Team work

Decision making

Problem solving

Responsibility

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14
Q

What is an amateur ?

A

Participation for the love of the sport and not monetary gains

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15
Q

What is sportsmanship ?

A

Fair and generous behaviour or treatment of others

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16
Q

What is gamesmanship ?

A

The art of winning games by using various ploys and tactics to gain a psychological advantage

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17
Q

What is the win ethic ?

A

A ‘win at all costs’ attitude, which may lead to deviant behaviour

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18
Q

What is deviancy ?

A

Behaviour that falls outside the norms or outside what is deemed to be acceptable

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19
Q

What is positive deviance ?

A

Behaviour outside the norms, but has no intention to harm or break the rules

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20
Q

What is negative deviance ?

A

Behaviour outside the norms, and has a detrimental effect on individuals and on society in general

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21
Q

How can we encourage sportsmanship ?

A

Fair play schemes and campaigns

Positive role models

Better quality of officials and use of technology

Development of positive values early on in childhood

Encourage codes of conduct for player, spectators and clubs

22
Q

How can we discourage deviance ?

A

Being booked/ fined

Points deducted/ clubs being fined

Games behind closed doors

Better qualified officials/ full-time officials

Increased use of technology (VAR)

Fair play awards

23
Q

What causes violent behaviour in players ?

A

Pressure from media

High expectation of supporters/ supporters behaviour

Financial rewards

Fear of losing contract

Retaliation due to foul play

Officials decision

Poor performance

Frustration

Learned behaviour

24
Q

What are the implications of violent behaviour in players ?

A

Penalties/ bookings/ sending off

Players cited after games for fines/ bans

Club fined/ points deducted

Games played behind closed doors

Poor role models/ children copy idols

Poor reputation of the sport

Spectator violence

25
Q

What are the strategies for violent behaviour in players ?

A

Training officials to deal with violence

Match officials and their decisions are supported

Punishing players post match

Use of post match video evidence

Good disciplinary record as role models

Fair play awards

26
Q

What are the causes of hooliganism ?

A

Provides entertainment

Alcohol consumption

To create social drama

Triggered by on field events

Provoked by the media

27
Q

What are the implications of hooliganism ?

A

Pitch invasions

Obscene chanting - arrests

Foul language - banned from games

Racism - arrested and banned

Hooligan behaviours - prison sentences

28
Q

What are the strategies for controlling hooliganism ?

A

Police presence / stewards

Intelligence network - CCTV

Laws - no pitch invasions

Hooligans to be banned

Community and female involvement

Restrictions on alcohol

Acts deemed ‘offences’ - throwing missiles/ racism

High ticket prices

More season ticket holders

29
Q

Why do elite performers use illegal drugs ?

A

Pressure

Money and fame

Shortcut to success

Other athletes are taking drugs - level the playing field

‘Win at all costs’

A lack of serious consequences

I won’t get caught

To maintain a high standard

Poor role models

Improved performance

Increase confidence

30
Q

What are anabolic steroids, and who might take them ?

A

Illegal steroids that increase muscle mass and strength

Power athletes - sprinters and power lifters or to put on weight to get into certain weight classes

31
Q

Why are anabolic steroids used in sport ?

A

Improved performance

Enhanced muscle

Improved training length

Improved recovery time

Increased aggression

32
Q

What are the side effects of anabolic steroids ?

A

Acne

Infertility

Hypertension

Heart attack/ stroke

Depression

Addiction

Paranoia

33
Q

What is erythropoietin (EPO), and who might use it ?

A

EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells in bone marrow, increasing red blood cell content and aerobic capacity

Endurance athletes

34
Q

Why is erythropoietin (EPO) used in sport ?

A

Increases aerobic capacity

Increases performers chance of winning leading to financial gain

Reduces fatigue - train for longer at higher intensity

35
Q

What are the side effects of erythropoietin (EPO) ?

A

Blood can thicken - increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks and strokes

Increased blood pressure

Liver and pancreas damage

Skin reactions

36
Q

What are beta blockers, and who might take them ?

A

Beta blockers prevent adrenaline

Steady hand sports - snooker, golf, darts, shooting, archery

37
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers ?

A

Severe blood sugar changes

Heart failure

Nausea

Dry mouth

Shortness of breath

Unusual weight gain

Irregular heart rate

38
Q

What are the rewards of drug taking for the performer ?

A

Improve performance - win

Increased fame

Financial rewards for wining

Increased confidence in own ability

Can improve health if the drug is actually needed

Givers performer freedom of choice

Belonging to part of a group

39
Q

What are the repercussion of drug taking for the performer ?

A

Potential ban

Not fair/ immoral

Negative role model

Encourages others to take drugs

May demotivate grass roots participation

Loss of earnings

May feel that they cannot perform without them

40
Q

What are the repercussion of drug taking for the sport ?

A

Damages the reputation of sport

Drug association reduces revenue (sponsors and spectators)

If we accept drugs in sport it says to society drugs are okay

41
Q

What are the arguments for drug taking in sport ?

A

Audience gets to see the best performance possible

Drug taking is a personal choice

We celebrate the win at all costs attitude - drug taking is part of that

Some role models are still popular despite taking drugs

Allows us to increase knowledge on the human body

Can level the playing field with those already taking them

42
Q

What are the arguments for drug testing in sport ?

A

Creates a fairer competition/ level playing field

Acts as a deterrent to the people thinking of taking drugs

Catch those who are cheating

Shows society drug taking is not acceptable

It is a responsibility to find and punish those who were cheating

43
Q

What are the arguments against drug taking in sport ?

A

The best/ hardest working athletes don’t win

The ones with the most money/ technology will win

Ethics lost - about winning not taking part

No sense of achievement

Promotes unhealthy and dangerous behaviour

Completely destroys the health and fitness aspects of sport

44
Q

What are the arguments against drug testing in sport ?

A

Legalised drugs would save the money spent on testing - this could be reinvested in grass roots

The drug takers are always one step ahead of the drug testers - so what is the point

45
Q

What are the strategies to eliminate performers from taking drugs in sport ?

A

Drug testing - more frequent random tests and before competitions

Investment in detection and research

Education on harms and side effects

Punishments - long term bans, stripping of medals/ achievements, and prison/ rehab

Drug scandals in media - deterrence

Positive role models

Coordination between nations drug testing regulations

46
Q

What is the Bosman ruling ?

A

Players can move to a new club at the end of their contract without their old club receiving a fee

47
Q

What does SOCCER stand for ?

A

Spectators attacking players

Opponents being too violent

Contractual issues with sponsors

Contractual issues with employer

Equality of opportunity issues

Refereeing negligence

48
Q

What is the officials duty of care ?

A

A moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety or wellbeing of others

49
Q

What is officials negligence ?

A

Failure to take reasonable care over someone which results in a foreseeable injury/ harm

This breaches the duty of care

50
Q

What are some examples of officials negligence ?

A

Failure to stop the game due to an injury to a player

An injury caused by ….

51
Q

What are some examples of a coaches duty of care ?

A

Keeping up to date details (contact, medical, registers)

Appropriate supervision ratios

First aid provision is available

DBS clearance

Risk assessments

52
Q

How does the law protect spectators ?

A

Safety of Sports Grounds Act

Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act

The Football (Offences) Act

AQA A Level PE (6 decks)

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