Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA A Level PE > Exercise Physiology and Biomechanical Movement > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology and Biomechanical Movement Flashcards

1
Q

How does the body store carbohydrates ?

A

As glycogen, this is then converted into glucose for use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can carbohydrates help during exercise ?

A

They provide energy for the muscles which delays fatigue , allowing them to compete longer at higher intensities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are carbohydrates used in energy systems ?

A

Main sources of energy at the start of exercise (ATP-PC) and during short bursts of exercise (lactic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can athletes increase carbohydrate stores ?

A

Will use glycogen loading to improve glycogen stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are excess carbohydrates stored as ?

A

Excess carbohydrates are stored as fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are low density lipoproteins?

A

They deliver Cholesterol to all body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are high density lipoproteins ?

A

Pick up cholesterol from body cells and take it back to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are proteins used for ?

A

Growth and repair of the muscles, boost + supports the immune system, helping fight off disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are excess proteins stored ?

A

Stored as fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can protein be used if glycogen is depleted ?

A

Proteins can boost glycogen stores, and can be used as an energy store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of energy store is fats ?

A

Slow release form of energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can fats help during exercise ?

A

Increase body size and weight, important for sports that require extra bulk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can fats be healthy for the body ?

A

Are a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What impact can excess fats have that is harmful ?

A

Excess facts can lead to weight gain which can affect performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What vitamins help skin condition and boost the immune system ?

A

Vitamin C, D and B-Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What vitamins help the absorption of calcium and phosphorous ?

A

Vitamin C and D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What vitamins help boost energy levels/ release energy ?

A

Vitamin C, D, and B-Complex (B2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What vitamins help the production of red blood cells and absorption of iron ?

A

Vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the exercise related function of Iron ?

A

Helps the production of red blood cells and the way oxygen is carried in the body by haemoglobin, boosts the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the exercise related function of Sodium ?

A

Helps regulate fluid levels in the body, helps muscle contractions and nerve transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the exercise related function of Calcium ?

A

Helps bones to grow, helps with nerve transmission and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does insoluble fibre do ?

A

Helps the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does fibre help the heart to work more efficiently ?

A

Less cholesterol in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does fibre help with energy release ?

A

Slower more sustained energy release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does fibre help water retention ?

A

Less water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What type of creatine is used, and what form is it used in ?

A

Creatine Monohydrate, powder or liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who uses creatine supplementation ?

A

Power performers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the positives of creatine ?

A

Increases maximal strength + lean muscle mass, greater ATP-PC threshold, higher pre-exercise PCr concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the negatives of creatine ?

A

Abdominal cramps, water retention, bloating, diarrhoea, weight gain, kidney disease/ damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is caffeine, and what form is it used in ?

A

Its a stimulant, Tablet, Liquid, Food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the positives of caffeine ?

A

Stimulates the CNS - reduces fatigue/ drowsiness, helps mobilise fats for energy, improved muscular strength, improved alertness/reaction time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the negatives of caffeine ?

A

Diuretic, can promote fat metabolism, causes nervousness/ anxiety, disrupts sleeping patterns, severe nausea/ stomach cramps, withdrawal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Who uses Sodium Bicarbonate supplementation?

A

Short duration, high intensity exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the positives of Sodium Bicarbonate ?

A

Delays OBLA, muscles can work at a higher intensity for longer, increases the buffering capacity of the blood, reduces/ neutralises the affects of lactic acid, may increase strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the negatives of Sodium Bicarbonate ?

A

Cramping, nausea/vomiting, bloating, diarrhoea, heart problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is an acute injury ?

A

Happen suddenly, such as when a person falls, receives a blow or twists a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What types of acute injury are there ?

A

Fractures, dislocations, strains and sprains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the symptoms of an acute injury ?

A

Sudden severe pain, swelling around the injured site, not being able to bear weight, restricted movement, extreme leg or arm weakness, a protruding bone or a joint that is visibly out of place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is a fracture ?

A

A break or a crack in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is a dislocation ?

A

Occur at a joint and are very painful, it happens when the ends of bones are forced out of position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a strain ?

A

When muscle fibres are stretched too far and tear, this can also happen when the training is intense + the muscles are overused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a sprain ?

A

Occur where the ligament is stretched too far or tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a chronic injury ?

A

Usually result from overuse of one are of the body and develop gradually over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the symptoms of a chronic injury ?

A

Pain when playing, swelling and dull ache during rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is Achilles Tendonitis?

A

An overuse of the Achilles tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How can you treat Achilles Tendonitis ?

A

Reduce physically activity, very gentle stretching, icing the area after exercise or when in pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is Tennis Elbow ?

A

Inflammation of the tendons of the elbow caused by overuse of the muscles of the forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How can you treat Tennis Elbow?

A

Stretching exercises, icing the elbow, using an elbow strap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is a stress fracture ?

A

A small crack in a bone or severe bruising within a bone, caused by overuse and repetive activity - 6 to 8 weeks to heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How can you treat a stress fracture ?

A

Stop the activity that is causing pain, apply an ice pack, rest for 1 to 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How can taping help to prevent injury ?

A

Applied along the muscles + around joints, it restricts movement, helps to reduce swelling, provides controlled support, helps reduce muscle soreness

52
Q

How can bracing help to prevent injury ?

A

Can involve hinged support, provides extra stability, aims to prevent further injury, can restrict movement, can cause problems further up the body in other joints

53
Q

What are the stages of a warm up ?

A

Cardiovascular exercise, stretching, sport specific movement patterns

54
Q

What are the physiological impacts of a warm up ?

A

Increased muscle elasticity + blood flow + heart rate + body temperature, sport specific movement patterns

55
Q

What are the psychological impacts of a warm up ?

A

Increased arousal levels, mental preparation + focus on what’s ahead, going through tactics/ strategies

56
Q

What is the process of screening ?

A

The process of identifying any injuries or any chance of a disease, condition or injury

57
Q

What are the positives of screening ?

A

Highlights any future risk of injury, identify suitable rehab programmes, identify and underlying health conditions + postural imbalances

58
Q

What are the negatives of screening ?

A

Not 100% accurate, can cause anxiety, could miss out on training, false negatives and false positives

59
Q

What are the benefits of stretching ?

A

Maintains a range of movement around a joint

Keeps the muscles flexible, strong and healthy

Can relieve stress

Decreases risk of injury

Increases blood flow to muscles

Increases performance

Aids in the removal of lactic acid

60
Q

What does proprioceptive training consist of ?

A

Hopping, jumping, balance exercises

61
Q

How does proprioceptive training aid rehabilitation ?

A

Have to constantly readjust balance - training the proprioceptors

62
Q

What does strength training consist of ?

A

1) Thera Bands
2) Body Weight
3) Fixed Weights
4) Free Weights

63
Q

How does strength training aid rehabilitation ?

A

Uses a form of resistance

64
Q

What is a hyperbaric chamber ?

A

Pressurised chamber with 100% pure oxygen

65
Q

How do hyperbaric chambers aid recovery ?

A

Reduces recovery time

66
Q

What is cryotherapy ?

A

Cold temperatures to treat injuries - has a painkilling effect

67
Q

How does cryotherapy aid rehabilitation ?

A

Blood flows to the organs instead of injury site

68
Q

What is hydrotherapy ?

A

Warm water (35 - 37* C)

69
Q

How does hydrotherapy aid rehabilitation ?

A

Improve blood circulation, relieves pain, relax muscles

70
Q

How does compression garments aid recovery ?

A

Helps blood lactate removals, reduce inflammation and symptoms of DOMS

71
Q

How does massages aid recovery ?

A

Increases blood flow, relieves tension + pressure, breaks down scar tissue, removes lactic acid

72
Q

How does foam rollers aid recovery ?

A

Releases tension + tightness, improve mobility and promote recovery

73
Q

How does cold therapy aid recovery ?

A

Decreases swelling, pain relief, vasoconstriction, reduces muscle spasms

74
Q

How does ice baths aid recovery ?

A

Vasocontraction, flushes lactic acid, reduces muscle soreness

75
Q

How does cryotherapy aid recovery ?

A

-130*C, multiple areas at the same time

76
Q

What is Newton’s first law ?

A

Inertia - an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

77
Q

What is Newton’s second law ?

A

Acceleration

Force = mass x acceleration

78
Q

What is Newton’s third law ?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

79
Q

How does the height of the centre of mass affect stability ?

A

Lowering the centre of mass will increase stability

80
Q

How does the position of the line of gravity affect stability ?

A

Should be central over the base of support to increase stability

81
Q

How does area of support base affect stability ?

A

The more contact points, the larger the base becomes + the more stable they become

82
Q

How does the mass of the performer affect stability ?

A

Often the greater the mass, the more stability there is because of increased inertia

83
Q

How do you draw the fulcrum in a level system ?

A

Triangle

84
Q

How do you draw the load in a level system ?

A

Square

85
Q

How do you draw the effort in a level system ?

A

Arrow

86
Q

What lever is it when the triceps is the agonist ?

A

First class lever

87
Q

What lever is it when the gastrocnemius is the agonist ?

A

Second class lever

88
Q

What muscle is the agonist for third class levers ?

A

Any muscle other than the triceps and gastrocnemius

89
Q

How can a lever have a mechanical advantage ?

A

If the effort arm is longer than the load arm

90
Q

How can a lever have a mechanical disadvantage ?

A

If the effort arm is shorter than the load arm

91
Q

What is mass ?

A

The amount a substance is made up of in Kg

92
Q

What is weight ?

A

Weight = mass x gravity

93
Q

What is displacement ?

A

Is the shortest distance between the starting point and the finishing point

94
Q

What is distance ?

A

The length of space from the start to the finish

95
Q

What is speed ?

A

Speed = distance / time

96
Q

What is velocity ?

A

Velocity = displacement / time

97
Q

What is acceleration ?

A

Acceleration = Final Velocity (V) - Initial Velocity (U) / Time

98
Q

What is momentum ?

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

99
Q

How many types of frictional forces are there ?

A

Two

Static and Sliding

100
Q

What is static friction ?

A

The force exerted on one surface by another when there is no motion between the two surfaces

101
Q

What is sliding friction ?

A

There are two surfaces in contact with one another that have the tendency to slide over each other

102
Q

What is air resistance ?

A

Is a friction force applied by the air on bodies that are moving through it

103
Q

What is the amount air resistance the body receives dependent on ?

A

The velocity it is travelling at

The cross sectional area

The shape and surface of the body

104
Q

What is impulse ?

A

A measure of the force applied for a specific time

Can be used to add speed to an object or slow it down on impact

Impulse = force x time

105
Q

What is angular motion ?

A

The amount of motion a body has during rotation

106
Q

What is torque ?

A

Is a rotational force

Torque = Force x Distance from the axis

107
Q

What is angular displacement ?

A

The smallest change in angle between the start and finish point if a rotation

Measured in radians

108
Q

What is angular velocity ?

A

The rate of change of angular displacement

Angular velocity = angular displacement / time taken

109
Q

What is angular acceleration ?

A

The rate of change of angular velocity

Angular acceleration = Final Angular Velocity (V) - Initial Angular Velocity (U) / Time Taken

110
Q

What is moment of inertia ?

A

The resistance of a body to change motion (rotation)

Moment of inertia = mass x distance from the axis

111
Q

How is Newtons First Law applied to angular momentum ?

A

A rotating body will continue to turn about its axis with constant angular momentum unless an external force acts upon it

The conservation of angular momentum

112
Q

How is Newtons Second Law applied to angular momentum ?

A

The rate of change of angular momentum of a body is proportional to the force (torque) causing it and the changes take place in the direction in which the force (torque) acts

113
Q

How is Newtons Third Law applied to angular momentum ?

A

When a force is applied by one body to another, the second body will exert an equal and opposite force (torque) on the other body

114
Q

What is projectile motion ?

A

The movement of either an object or the human body as it travels through the air

115
Q

What is the flight path of a shot put called ?

A

Parabolic curve (Parabola)

116
Q

What does a Parabola have ?

A

Both horizontal and vertical components

117
Q

What can affect the flight paths of objects ?

A

Release speed

Release Angle

Release height

118
Q

What is the flight path of a badminton shuttle called ?

A

Distorted Parabola

119
Q

What causes a parabola ?

A

Larger masses have less air resistance acting upon them so they follow a true parabolic flight path

120
Q

What causes a distorted parabola ?

A

Lighter masses are affected more by air resistance and this results in a deviation from the parabolic flight

121
Q

What is fluid resistance ?

A

The transmission of energy from an object passing through a fluid to the fluid

122
Q

What is drag ?

A

The resistance of an object passing through a fluid increases as the speed of the object increases and as the viscosity of the fluid increases

123
Q

What is surface drag ?

A

Is a result of the friction between the surface and the fluid

The fluid closest to the object rubs against the object creating friction

124
Q

What is form drag ?

A

Forces acting on the leading edge of an object, this occurs when air is driven past an object and is diverted outward creating s low pressure region behind the object

This is why streamlining is important

125
Q

What are the factors that affect drag ?

A

Cross sectional size of the object

Shape of the object

Surface roughness

Viscosity of the fluid (air and water)

Velocity of the object

126
Q

What is Bernoulli’s principle ?

A

The faster air on the bottom of the object makes for lower the pressure on the bottom, causing the object to move down, creating a downwards lift force

AQA A Level PE (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions