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BACT211 IRR1 > Spore-forming Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Spore-forming Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Other name for inhalation anthrax

A

Woolsorter’s disease

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2
Q

What is the causative agent of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

What is the virulence factor of bacillus anthracis?

A

glutamic acid
anthrax toxin

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4
Q

Other name of bacillus anthracis?

A

Anthrax bacillus

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5
Q

It is common disease of livestock

A

Anthrax

`

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6
Q

What are the four forms of anthrax seen in human?

A

cutaneous anthrax
injectional anthrax
gastrointestinal anthrax
inhalation anthrax

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7
Q

Occurs when wounds are contaminated with spores acquired through skin cuts, abrasions, or insect bites

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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8
Q

It starts as a small pimple or papule at the site of inoculation 2-3 days after exposure

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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9
Q

Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, and vomiting

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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10
Q

The lesion of cutaneous anthrax is also known as

A

Malignant pustule

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11
Q

An erythematous ring develops, and a small dark area appears in the center of the ring and eventually ulcerates and dries

A

Eschar or black eschar

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12
Q

First recognized in scotland during an outbreak in 2009-2010 (heroin use)

A

Injectional anthrax

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13
Q

The fatality rate is higher than cutaneous anthrax

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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14
Q

The mild form of the disease last 2-3 days, which is followed by a sudden severe phase characterized by respiratory problems followed by disorientation, coma, and death

A

Inhalation anthrax

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15
Q

Ingestion of spores

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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16
Q

2-5 days after exposure, patient may manifest with mild fever, fatigue, and malaise (resembles flu)

A

Inhalation anthrax

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17
Q

A new form characterized by a soft tissue infection associated with injection of drugs of abuse

A

Injectional anthrax

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18
Q

This form can be associated with necrotizing fasciitis, organ failure, shock, coma, and meningitis

A

Injectional anthrax

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19
Q

What is the complication of anthrax?

A

Meningitis

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20
Q

What are the specimen used for bacillus anthracis?

A
  • sputum
  • blood
  • lesion from cutaneous anthrax
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21
Q

Large, square-ended, gram positive bacilli in chains or singly

A

Bacillus anthracis

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22
Q

B. antracis shen in chains, give the appearance of

A

Bamboo rods or poles

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23
Q

Using a spore stain, what is the color of vegetative cells and what is the color of spores?

A

Vegetative cells stain red and spores stain green

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24
Q

What is the appearance of b. anthracis microscopically?

A

String of pearls

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25
Q

Culture media of choice for stool specimen

A

Phenylethyl Alcohol agar

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26
Q

On blood agar, what is the colony morphology of b. anthracis?

A

gray and flat with an irregular margin

Medusa head colonies

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27
Q

Colonies have tenacious consistency, holding tightly to the agar surface and when the edges are lifted with a loop, they stand upright without support

A

B. anthracis

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28
Q

What is the appearance of b. anthracis in gelatin medium?

A

Inverted fir tree

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29
Q

What is thd stain used on blood or CSF?

A

India ink stain

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30
Q

What is other name for bacillus cereus

A

Fried rice bacillus

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31
Q

What are the two forms of food poisoning?

A

Diarrheal and emetic

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32
Q

What are the examples of eye infections?

A

Endophthalmitis, keratitis with abscess

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33
Q

Non-gastrointestinal infections occur more frequently in IV drug users, neonates, immunosuppressed and post surgical patients

A

Bacillus cereus

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34
Q

Caused by a heat labile enterotoxin

A

Diarrheal form

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35
Q

From ingestion of meat or poultry, vegetables, and pasta

Characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea and about 25% of individuals have vomiting

A

Diarrheal form

36
Q

Caused by a heat stable enterotoxin

A

Emetic form

37
Q

Predominant symptomatic is nausea and vomiting 1-5 hours after ingestion of contaminated food

A

Emetic form

38
Q

What is the specimen for b. cereus?

A

Suspected food

39
Q

What is the colony appearance of b. cereus?

A

Frosted glass appearance

40
Q

What is the motility of b. anthracis?

A

Non-motile

41
Q

What is the motility of b. cereus?

A

Motile

42
Q

What is the other name for bacillus subtilis?

A

Hay bacillus

43
Q

Mostly commonly encountered laboratory contaminant

A

Bacillus subtilis

44
Q

What is the pigmentation b. subtilis can exhibit?

A

Pink, yellow, orange, or brown

45
Q

What is the colony morphology of b. subtilis?

A

Large, flat, dull, with a GROUND GLASS appearance

46
Q

What is example of spore-forming anaerobic bacilli?

A

Clostridium spp

47
Q

What are examples of spore-forming aerobic organisms?

A
  • bacillus anthracis
  • bacillus subtilis
  • bacillus cereus
48
Q

Clostridium is motile except

A
  • clostridium perfringens
  • clostridium ramosum
  • clostridium innocuum
49
Q

Clostridium is non-encapsulated except

A

Clostridium perfringens

50
Q

What are the three location of spores?

A
  • terminal spore
  • central spore
  • subterminal spore
51
Q

What is the mode of transmission for clostridium?

A
  • ingestion
  • open wounds
52
Q

What are the diseases of clostridium?

A
  • tetanus
  • gas gangrene
  • botulism
  • food poisoning
53
Q

What is other name for clostridium perfringens?

A

Gas gangrene

54
Q

Most commonly isolated clostridium in blood cultures

A
  • clostridium perfringens
55
Q

What are the virulence factor of C. perfringens?

A
  • alpha toxin
  • enterotoxin
56
Q

What is the location of c. perfringens?

A
  • subterminal spores
57
Q

What is the colony morphology of c. perfringens in BAP?

A

Dome-shaped, grayish white to double zones of hemolysis

58
Q

What is the outer zone of c. perfringens ?

A

Beta-hemolysis

59
Q

What is the inner zone of C. perfringens?

A

Alpha-hemolysis

60
Q

What are the two types of food poisoning of gas gangrene?

A

Type A and Type C

61
Q

Can caused food poisoning and gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

A
  • clostridium perfringens
62
Q

More serious type of food poisoning

A

Type C

63
Q

Mild and self limiting GI illness type of food poisoning

A

Type A

64
Q

Most common cause, releasing potent exotoxin

A

C. perfringens

65
Q

May cause disease when either the bacteria, their spores, or their toxins enter the body through ingestion

A

Clostridia

66
Q

What is other name for clostridium botulinum?

A

Canned food bacillus

67
Q

What is the spore location for clostridium botulinum?

A

Subterminal spore

68
Q

What is the virulence factor of clostridium botulinum?

A

Botulism toxin

69
Q

Extremely potent neurotoxin, even a small amount is capable of causing paralysis and death

A

Botulinum toxin

70
Q

Flaccid paralysis is caused by

A

botulinum toxin

71
Q

Double zone of hemolysis on BAP

A

Gas gangrene bacillus

72
Q

Contaminated honey is often implicated in this disorder

A

Infant botulism

73
Q

Contamination of wounds with the spores of c. botulinum, which germinates the vegetative cells multiple and produce toxin

A

Wound botulism

74
Q

The spores germinates and the vegetative cells colonize the colon and produce toxin

A

Infant botulism

75
Q

What is other name for clostridium tetani?

A

Tack head bacillus

76
Q

What is the virulence factor of c. tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin

77
Q

Spores are found in the soil, dust, and feces of farm animals

A

Clostridium tetani

78
Q

Cells of c. tetani looks like

A

Drumstick or tennis racket appearance

79
Q

Trismus is caused by which toxin?

A

Tetanospasmin

80
Q

Lockjaw

A

Trismus

81
Q

Distorted grin

A

Risus sardonicus

82
Q

What is the vaccine for tetanus?

A

Diptheria-tetanus- acellular pertussis

83
Q

Toxin by C. difficile that causes necrosis of the intestinal lumen

A

Toxin A and Toxin B

84
Q

Common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clostridium difficile

85
Q

C. difficile has ______ odor on BAP

A

Horse stable

86
Q

What is the medium used for C. difficile?

A

CCFA - Cycloserine-cefoxiyin-fructose agar

87
Q

Exhibit a yellow color and ground glass

A

Clostridium difficile

BACT211 IRR1 (6 decks)

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