Spore-forming Gram Positive Bacilli

Question 1

Other name for inhalation anthrax

Answer 1

Woolsorter’s disease

Question 2

What is the causative agent of anthrax?

Answer 2

Bacillus anthracis

Question 3

What is the virulence factor of bacillus anthracis?

Answer 3

glutamic acid
anthrax toxin

Question 4

Other name of bacillus anthracis?

Answer 4

Anthrax bacillus

Question 5

It is common disease of livestock

Answer 5

Anthrax

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Question 6

What are the four forms of anthrax seen in human?

Answer 6

cutaneous anthrax
injectional anthrax
gastrointestinal anthrax
inhalation anthrax

Question 7

Occurs when wounds are contaminated with spores acquired through skin cuts, abrasions, or insect bites

Answer 7

Cutaneous anthrax

Question 8

It starts as a small pimple or papule at the site of inoculation 2-3 days after exposure

Answer 8

Cutaneous anthrax

Question 9

Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, and vomiting

Answer 9

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Question 10

The lesion of cutaneous anthrax is also known as

Answer 10

Malignant pustule

Question 11

An erythematous ring develops, and a small dark area appears in the center of the ring and eventually ulcerates and dries

Answer 11

Eschar or black eschar

Question 12

First recognized in scotland during an outbreak in 2009-2010 (heroin use)

Answer 12

Injectional anthrax

Question 13

The fatality rate is higher than cutaneous anthrax

Answer 13

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Question 14

The mild form of the disease last 2-3 days, which is followed by a sudden severe phase characterized by respiratory problems followed by disorientation, coma, and death

Answer 14

Inhalation anthrax

Question 15

Ingestion of spores

Answer 15

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Question 16

2-5 days after exposure, patient may manifest with mild fever, fatigue, and malaise (resembles flu)

Answer 16

Inhalation anthrax

Question 17

A new form characterized by a soft tissue infection associated with injection of drugs of abuse

Answer 17

Injectional anthrax

Question 18

This form can be associated with necrotizing fasciitis, organ failure, shock, coma, and meningitis

Answer 18

Injectional anthrax

Question 19

What is the complication of anthrax?

Answer 19

Meningitis

Question 20

What are the specimen used for bacillus anthracis?

Answer 20

• sputum
• blood
• lesion from cutaneous anthrax

Question 21

Large, square-ended, gram positive bacilli in chains or singly

Answer 21

Bacillus anthracis

Question 22

B. antracis shen in chains, give the appearance of

Answer 22

Bamboo rods or poles

Question 23

Using a spore stain, what is the color of vegetative cells and what is the color of spores?

Answer 23

Vegetative cells stain red and spores stain green

Question 24

What is the appearance of b. anthracis microscopically?

Answer 24

String of pearls

Question 25

Culture media of choice for stool specimen

Answer 25

Phenylethyl Alcohol agar

Question 26

On blood agar, what is the colony morphology of b. anthracis?

Answer 26

gray and flat with an irregular margin Medusa head colonies

Question 27

Colonies have tenacious consistency, holding tightly to the agar surface and when the edges are lifted with a loop, they stand upright without support

Answer 27

B. anthracis

Question 28

What is the appearance of b. anthracis in gelatin medium?

Answer 28

Inverted fir tree

Question 29

What is thd stain used on blood or CSF?

Answer 29

India ink stain

Question 30

What is other name for bacillus cereus

Answer 30

Fried rice bacillus

Question 31

What are the two forms of food poisoning?

Answer 31

Diarrheal and emetic

Question 32

What are the examples of eye infections?

Answer 32

Endophthalmitis, keratitis with abscess

Question 33

Non-gastrointestinal infections occur more frequently in IV drug users, neonates, immunosuppressed and post surgical patients

Answer 33

Bacillus cereus

Question 34

Caused by a heat labile enterotoxin

Answer 34

Diarrheal form

Question 35

From ingestion of meat or poultry, vegetables, and pasta Characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea and about 25% of individuals have vomiting

Answer 35

Diarrheal form

Question 36

Caused by a heat stable enterotoxin

Answer 36

Emetic form

Question 37

Predominant symptomatic is nausea and vomiting 1-5 hours after ingestion of contaminated food

Answer 37

Emetic form

Question 38

What is the specimen for b. cereus?

Answer 38

Suspected food

Question 39

What is the colony appearance of b. cereus?

Answer 39

Frosted glass appearance

Question 40

What is the motility of b. anthracis?

Answer 40

Non-motile

Question 41

What is the motility of b. cereus?

Answer 41

Motile

Question 42

What is the other name for bacillus subtilis?

Answer 42

Hay bacillus

Question 43

Mostly commonly encountered laboratory contaminant

Answer 43

Bacillus subtilis

Question 44

What is the pigmentation b. subtilis can exhibit?

Answer 44

Pink, yellow, orange, or brown

Question 45

What is the colony morphology of b. subtilis?

Answer 45

Large, flat, dull, with a GROUND GLASS appearance

Question 46

What is example of spore-forming anaerobic bacilli?

Answer 46

Clostridium spp

Question 47

What are examples of spore-forming aerobic organisms?

Answer 47

- bacillus anthracis - bacillus subtilis - bacillus cereus

Question 48

Clostridium is motile except

Answer 48

- clostridium perfringens - clostridium ramosum - clostridium innocuum

Question 49

Clostridium is non-encapsulated except

Answer 49

Clostridium perfringens

Question 50

What are the three location of spores?

Answer 50

- terminal spore - central spore - subterminal spore

Question 51

What is the mode of transmission for clostridium?

Answer 51

- ingestion - open wounds

Question 52

What are the diseases of clostridium?

Answer 52

- tetanus - gas gangrene - botulism - food poisoning

Question 53

What is other name for clostridium perfringens?

Answer 53

Gas gangrene

Question 54

Most commonly isolated clostridium in blood cultures

Answer 54

- clostridium perfringens

Question 55

What are the virulence factor of C. perfringens?

Answer 55

- alpha toxin - enterotoxin

Question 56

What is the location of c. perfringens?

Answer 56

- subterminal spores

Question 57

What is the colony morphology of c. perfringens in BAP?

Answer 57

Dome-shaped, grayish white to double zones of hemolysis

Question 58

What is the outer zone of c. perfringens ?

Answer 58

Beta-hemolysis

Question 59

What is the inner zone of C. perfringens?

Answer 59

Alpha-hemolysis

Question 60

What are the two types of food poisoning of gas gangrene?

Answer 60

Type A and Type C

Question 61

Can caused food poisoning and gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

Answer 61

- clostridium perfringens

Question 62

More serious type of food poisoning

Answer 62

Type C

Question 63

Mild and self limiting GI illness type of food poisoning

Answer 63

Type A

Question 64

Most common cause, releasing potent exotoxin

Answer 64

C. perfringens

Question 65

May cause disease when either the bacteria, their spores, or their toxins enter the body through ingestion

Answer 65

Clostridia

Question 66

What is other name for clostridium botulinum?

Answer 66

Canned food bacillus

Question 67

What is the spore location for clostridium botulinum?

Answer 67

Subterminal spore

Question 68

What is the virulence factor of clostridium botulinum?

Answer 68

Botulism toxin

Question 69

Extremely potent neurotoxin, even a small amount is capable of causing paralysis and death

Answer 69

Botulinum toxin

Question 70

Flaccid paralysis is caused by

Answer 70

botulinum toxin

Question 71

Double zone of hemolysis on BAP

Answer 71

Gas gangrene bacillus

Question 72

Contaminated honey is often implicated in this disorder

Answer 72

Infant botulism

Question 73

Contamination of wounds with the spores of c. botulinum, which germinates the vegetative cells multiple and produce toxin

Answer 73

Wound botulism

Question 74

The spores germinates and the vegetative cells colonize the colon and produce toxin

Answer 74

Infant botulism

Question 75

What is other name for clostridium tetani?

Answer 75

Tack head bacillus

Question 76

What is the virulence factor of c. tetani?

Answer 76

Tetanospasmin

Question 77

Spores are found in the soil, dust, and feces of farm animals

Answer 77

Clostridium tetani

Question 78

Cells of c. tetani looks like

Answer 78

Drumstick or tennis racket appearance

Question 79

Trismus is caused by which toxin?

Answer 79

Tetanospasmin

Question 80

Lockjaw

Answer 80

Trismus

Question 81

Distorted grin

Answer 81

Risus sardonicus

Question 82

What is the vaccine for tetanus?

Answer 82

Diptheria-tetanus- acellular pertussis

Question 83

Toxin by C. difficile that causes necrosis of the intestinal lumen

Answer 83

Toxin A and Toxin B

Question 84

Common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 84

Clostridium difficile

Question 85

C. difficile has ______ odor on BAP

Answer 85

Horse stable

Question 86

What is the medium used for C. difficile?

Answer 86

CCFA - Cycloserine-cefoxiyin-fructose agar

Question 87

Exhibit a yellow color and ground glass

Answer 87

Clostridium difficile