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BACT211 IRR1 > Mycobacteria > Flashcards

Mycobacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most familiar species of Mycobacterium?

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Mycobacterium leprae
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2
Q

What is other name for leprosy?

A
  • Hansen Disease
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3
Q

What is the counterstain for acid fast staining?

A
  • methylene blue
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4
Q

When there is a delay in the processing of the culture specimen, what should be done?

A
  • refrigeration
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5
Q

The inhibitor present in egg-based media

A

Malachite green

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6
Q

Positive result for nitrate reduction

A

Red color

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7
Q

Media that enhanced the isolation of isoniazid resistant strain of MTB

A

Middlebrook 7H11

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8
Q

The positive Niacin reaction is indicated by

A

Development of yellow color

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9
Q

The optimal growth temperature for M. xenopi

A

42 degrees celcius

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10
Q

Which strain is used for the fluorescent staining method for the identification of Mycobacteria?

A

Auramine

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11
Q

What is the average incubation period for slow growing pathogenic Mycobacteria?

A

2-6 weeks

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12
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is classified as

A

Nonphotochromogen

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13
Q

MTB reaction for semiquantitative catalase test

A

> 45 mm bubble column

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14
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is also known as

A

Koch’s bacillus

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15
Q

Remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today

A

Tuberculosis

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16
Q

Other name of Environmental mycobacteria?

A

Nontuberculous mycobacterium

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17
Q

What is the morphology of mycobacterium?

A

Gram positive, slender, slightly curved or straight, rod-shaped

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18
Q

Mycobacteria resist staining with

A

Aniline dyes such as Gram stain

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19
Q

Mycobacteria is resist decolorization with

A

Acid ethanol

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20
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for mycobacterium?

A

Strictly aerobic

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21
Q

Fails to grow in vitro

A

M. leprae

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22
Q

What does a mycobacterium laboratory should have?

A

Non-recirculating ventilation system

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23
Q

What is the required respiratory protection or mask?

A

N-95 mask

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24
Q

What is the most important piece of equipment in the microbiology laboratory?

A

Biological safety cabinet

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25
Q

Negative pressure cabinet

A

Class I or biological safety cabinet class 1

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26
Q

Vertical laminar flow cabinets

A

Class II or biological safety cabinet class II

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27
Q

What is the contact time for proper disinfectants?

A

10-30 minutes

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28
Q

What is the concentration of sodium hypochlorite?

A

0.1-0.5%

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29
Q

What is the concentration for phenol?

A

5%

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30
Q

What is the concentration for formaldehyde and for glutaraldehyde?

A

3-8% and 2%

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31
Q

What is the contact time for formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde?

A

At least 30 mins

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32
Q

What are the specimen for collection?

A
  • urine
  • feces
  • blood
  • CSF
  • respiratory specimens
  • tissue biopsies
  • aspirations of any tissue or organ
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33
Q

What are the most common specimen for mycobacterium?

A

Sputum and bronchial aspirates

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34
Q

What is the process of collecting sputum specimen?

A
  • Early morning specimen
  • Should be collected on three consecutive days
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35
Q

What is the volume of sputum?

A

5-10 mL

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36
Q

What is the recommended container?

A

Sterile, wide-mouth cup with tightly fitted lid

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37
Q

Patients inhale ____to allow them to cough

A

Nebulized hypertonic saline

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38
Q

This cell wall of mycobacteria makes them somewhat less suceptible to the killing action of the various chemicals

A

High lipid content

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39
Q

What is the most popular reagent in decontamination?

A

2-4% sodium hydroxide

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40
Q

Enumerate the agents we can use for Digestion agents

A
  • 4-2% sodium hydroxide
  • N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NALC)
  • Dithiothreitol
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41
Q

What is the colony appearance of mycobacterium in afb staining?

A

Beaded appearance

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42
Q

Primary stain

A

Carbolfuschin

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43
Q

Decolorizing agent

A

Acid alcohol

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44
Q

What is the color of Acid fast organisms?

A

Red

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45
Q

What is the color of non-acid fast?

A

Blue

46
Q

Application of heat with carbolfuschin stain. Tends to provide more consistent results

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

47
Q

Cold stain. Tergitol is used as a mordant.

A

Kinyoun stain

48
Q

What is the positive color for fluorochrome stain or auramine-rhodamine stain

A

Yellow-orange bacilli

49
Q

What genus can use AFB stain?

A

Nocardia spp
Legionella micdadei
Rhodococcus spp

50
Q

What is the pH level of mycobacteria?

A

6.5-6.8

51
Q

What are the three general types of culture media?

A
  • Egg-based media
  • Serum Albumin agar media
  • Liquid media
52
Q

What media is most used in clinical laboratory?

A

Lowenstein Jensen Medium

53
Q

Enumerate the egg-based media

A
  • lowenstein jensen media
  • petragnani media
  • American thoracic society media
54
Q

Rough often exhibit a prominent patterned texture referred to as cording

A

M. tuberculosis

55
Q

Variable appearance with glossy whitish colonies often occuring with smaller translucent colonies

A

M. avium complex

56
Q

What is the general morphology of mycobacterium?

A

Smooth and soft or rough and friable appearance

57
Q

Produce carotene pigment on exposure to light

A

Photochromogens

58
Q

Produce pigment in the light or dark

A

Scotochromogens

59
Q

Buff or tan colonies

A

Nonchromogenic or nonphotochromogenic

60
Q

Posses th enzyme that converts free niacin to niacin ribonucleotide

A

Niacin accumulation

61
Q

Culture media of choice for niacin accumulation

A

Egg agar

62
Q

What is the negative result of niacin accumulation?

A

Colorless

63
Q

The production of nitroreductase which catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite

A

Nitrate reduction

64
Q

What organisms tested positive for nitrate reduction?

A
  • mycobacterium kansasii
  • mycobacterium szulgai
  • mycobacterium fortuitum
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis
65
Q

What is the reagent of catalase test?

A

30% hydrogen peroxide

66
Q

What is the medium used in catalase test and hydrolysis of tween 80?

A

Tween 80

67
Q

Production is determined by measuring the height of the column of bubbles when hydrogen peroxide and tween 80 are added to a deep with mycobacterial growth

A

Semiquantitative catalase test

68
Q

Who is positive in semiquantitative catalase test?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

69
Q

Test to distinguish scotochromogenic and nonphotochromogenic bacteria

A

Hydrolysis of tween 80

70
Q

What is the pH indicator of hydrolysis of tween 80?

A

Neutral red

71
Q

Positive color of hydrolysis of tween 80

A

Pink color

72
Q

Detecting the ability of mycobacteria to split rhe detergent tweeen 80 into oleic acid and polyoxyethylared sorbitol by the presence of enzyme lipase

A

Hydrolysis of tween 80

73
Q

Reduction of colorless potassium tellurite to black merallic tellurium

A

Tellurite reduction test

74
Q

Positive in tellurite reduction test

A

Mycobacterium avium

75
Q

One of the oldest documented communicable diseases

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

76
Q

Mode of transmission of tuberculosis

A

Airborne droplets

77
Q

It is the initial infection.

Positive in PPD

A

Primary tuberculosis

78
Q

Detected by measuring nicotinic acid which reacts with cyanogen bromide in the presence of aniline to form a yellow compound

A

Niacin accumulation

79
Q

Performed as with the method used for enteronacteriaceae

A

Nitrate reduction

80
Q

The mycobacterium is eradicated by the host cellular immune response or walled off in a granuloma in the lung

A

Primary tuberculosis

81
Q

Occurs when there is an alteration or suppression of the cellular immune system in the infected host that favors replication of the bacilli and progression to disease

A

Reactivation tuberculosis

82
Q

Common presentation in individuals with HIV

A

Extra pulmonary tuberculosis

83
Q

Widespread dissemination of mycobacterium tuberculosis via hematogenous spread

A

Miliary tuberculosis

84
Q

Skeletal tuberculosis of the skin also referred to as

A

Pott disease

85
Q

What is the treatment for TB

A

9-month course of therapy with isoniazid and rifampin

86
Q

Produces TB primarily in cattle

A

Mycobacterium bovis

87
Q

BCG vaccine

A

Mycobacterium bovis Calmette-Guerin

88
Q

Causative agent of hansen disease or leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

89
Q

Tissue or test animal for culture

A

Armadillo or foot pad

90
Q

What are the 3 types of leprosy

A
  1. Tuberculoid leprosy
  2. Lepromatous leprosy
  3. Borderline type of leprosy
91
Q

Diagnostic skin test for M. leprae

A

Lepromin skin test

92
Q

What are the two types of lepromin reaction?

A
  1. Fernandez reaction
  2. Mitsuda reaction
93
Q

Early reaction; reaction after 24-28 gours

A

Fernandez reaction

94
Q

3-4 weeks reaction

A

Mitsuda reaction

95
Q

Small amount of organisms in skin lesion

BENIGN type

Positive for lepromin skin test

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

96
Q

What is other names for tuberculoid leprosy?

A

Anesthetic or neural leprosy

97
Q

Abundant organisms in skin lesion

MALIGNANT

negative in lepromin skin test

A

Lepromatous leprosy

98
Q

Lion head appearance

A

Lepromatous leprosy

99
Q

No manifestation.

Once activated will cause manifestation

A

Borderline type of leprosy

100
Q

What are the treatment for leprosy

A
  • dapsone
  • clofazimine
  • rifampin
101
Q

What are the four groups of tubercle bacilli?

A
  1. Photochromogen
  2. Scotochromogen
  3. Nonphotochromogen
  4. Rapid growers
102
Q

Color of scotochromogen

A

Light or dark orange/yellow

103
Q

What is the growt of scotochromogen?

A

10-21 days

104
Q

Who are the members of scotochromogen?

A
  • mycobacterium scotofulaceum
  • mycobacterium gordonae
105
Q

Color of photochromogen

A

Light orange/ yellow or dark cream/ buff

106
Q

Growth of photochromogen

A

20-21 days

107
Q

Members of photochromogen

A
  • mycobacterium kansasii
  • mycobacterium marinum
  • mycobacterium simiae
  • mycobacterium balnei
108
Q

Color or nonphotochromogen

A

Light or dark cream / buff

109
Q

Growth of Nonphotochromogen

A

10-21 days

110
Q

Members of Nonphotochromogen

A
  • mycobacterium avium
  • mycobacterium ulcerans
  • mycobacterium xenopi
111
Q

Growth of rapid growers

A

3-7 days

112
Q

Members of rapid growers

A
  • mycobacterium fortuitum

BACT211 IRR1 (6 decks)

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