Non-spore forming

Question 1

It is the most significant member of the causative agent of diphtheria

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 2

What is other name for corynebacterium diphtheriae?

Answer 2

Klebs-Loffler bacillus or diphtheria bacillus

Question 3

What is the virulence factor for C. diphtheriae?

Answer 3

Diphtheria toxin

Question 4

Slightly curved gram positive rods with unparallel sides and slightly wider ends, producing “club shape”

Answer 4

C. diphtheriae

Question 5

The organism is carried in the upper respiratory tract and spread by droplet infection or hand to mouth contact

Answer 5

Respiratory diphtheria

Question 6

What is the most common site of infection for respiratory diphtheria?

Answer 6

Tonsils or pharynx

Question 7

Begins with low grade fever, malaise, and mild sore throat

Answer 7

Respiratory diphtheria

Question 8

It may result if the membrane blocks the air passage

Answer 8

Suffocation

Question 9

Cutaneous diphtheria also known as

Answer 9

Veldt sore or Barcoo rot

Question 10

Consist of nonhealing ulcers with a dirty gray membrane

Answer 10

Cutaneous diphtheria

Question 11

What is the antibiotic of choice for diphtheria?

Answer 11

Penicillin

Question 12

What is given for penicillin-sensitive individuals?

Answer 12

Erythromycin

Question 13

What are the two formations corynebacterium diphtheriae made?

Answer 13

V or L formations and
Beaded appearance

Question 14

Which medium does C. diphtheriae appears black or brownish colonies from the reduction of tellurite?

Answer 14

CTBA - Cystine tellurite blood agar

Question 15

Chinese characters appearance on stained smear

Answer 15

C. diphtheriae

Question 16

C. diphtheriae produced a brown halo in which agar?

Answer 16

CTBA

Question 17

Immunodiffusion test in which organisms are streaked on a medium of low iron content

Answer 17

Elek test

Question 18

Late onset neonatal listeriosis is typically persent as

Answer 18

Meningitis

Question 19

A nugent score of 2 indicates

Answer 19

Normal vaginal biota

Question 20

A positive elek test is indicated by

Answer 20

Arch of precipitin lines

Question 21

Club-shaped

Answer 21

Corynebacterium

Question 22

What is the causative agent of diphtheria?

Answer 22

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 23

Areas that stain more intensely than other parts of the cell

Answer 23

Babes-Ernst granules

Question 24

When the corynebacterium stains irregularly, it gives what appearance?

Answer 24

Beaded appearance

Question 25

What is the oxygen requirement for Corynebacterium?

Answer 25

Facultative anaerobe

Question 26

What is the culture media of choice for C. diphtheriae?

Answer 26

Loeffler’s serum or Pai agars

Question 27

Which species produce a brown halo on CTBA?

Answer 27

C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, C. pseudotuberculosis

Question 28

Used to differentiate C. diphtheriae from C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 28

Urease test C. diphtheriae lack of urease production

Question 29

Most frequently recovered corynebacterium spp from human clinical material.

Answer 29

Corynebacterium amycolatum

Question 30

Prosthetic valve endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, and skin complications

Answer 30

Corynebacterium jeikeium

Question 31

Most frequently associated with respiratory tract infections in immunocomromised individuals.

Answer 31

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheticum

Question 32

Associated with prosthetic joint infection, bloodstream infection and endocarditis in immunosuppressed patients

Answer 32

Corynebacterium amycolatum

Question 33

Associated with endocarditis, UTI, and cutaneous wound infection

Answer 33

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheticum

Question 34

Veterinary pathogen. May cause granulomatous lymphadenitis in humans

Answer 34

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 35

Skin ulcerrs and exudative pharyngitis

Answer 35

Corynebacterium ulcerans

Question 36

Associated with cases of endocarditis, septic arthritis, meningitis, and pneumonia

Answer 36

Corynebacterium striatum

Question 37

Associated with UTIs

Answer 37

Corynebacterium urealyticum

Question 38

Only human pathogen of the genus listeria

Answer 38

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 39

It is uncommon but serious infection of neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunocompromised host

Answer 39

Listeriosis

Question 40

It is widespread in the environment: soil, water, vegetation. Can be found in animal products such as milk, cheese, poulty, and processed meats

Answer 40

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 41

What are the virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 41

- listeriolysin O (hemolysin) - catalase - superoxide dismutase - phospholipase C - surface protein (p60)

Question 42

Induces phagocytosis through increased adhesion and penetration into mammalian cells

Answer 42

Protein p60

Question 43

Damages the phagosome membrane, preventing killing of the microorganisms by the macrophage

Answer 43

Listeriolysin O

Question 44

What is the mode of entry in listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 44

Ingestion of contaminated food

Question 45

What disease listeria can cause to pregnant women?

Answer 45

- may cause spontaneous abortion and stillborn neonates - may result to premature labor and septic abortion with 3-7 days

Question 46

Intrauterine infection that can cause illness at or shortly after birth (SEPSIS)

Answer 46

Early onset

Question 47

Occurs several days to weeks afterbirth (MENINGITIS)

Answer 47

Late onset

Question 48

What is the colony morphology of listeria?

Answer 48

Gram positive coccobacillus in singly, chains or in palisades

Question 49

May be used to isolate this organisms from clinical specimen. The specimen is inoculated in broth and incubation at 4 degrees for several weeks. Subcultures are made at weekly intervals.

Answer 49

Cold enrichment

Question 50

What is the specimen for listeria?

Answer 50

Blood, csf, swabs from lesion

Question 51

It exhibits tumbling motility when viewed microscopically. In motility medium, the characteristic “UMBRELLA” patrern is seen when the organism is incunated

Answer 51

Listeria

Question 52

Produces a block type of hemolysis in CAMP test

Answer 52

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 53

What are the biochemical tests that tested positive for listeria?

Answer 53

+ for hippurate test + for bile esculin hydrolysis + for CAMP test

Question 54

What organism is used in place of S. aureus in CAMP test?

Answer 54

Rhodococcus equi

Question 55

Human infection are due to occupational exposure, especially those who handles fish and animal products

Answer 55

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 56

Localized skin lesion that resembles streptococcal erysipelas, usually seen on the hands and fingers

Answer 56

Erysipeloid

Question 57

Low grade fever, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy may occur

Answer 57

Erysipeloid

Question 58

Uncommon and rarely develips from erysipeloid

Answer 58

Systemic infection

Question 59

Has been seen in patients who have had valve replacrment as well as those with apparently normal heart valves

Answer 59

Endocarditis

Question 60

How many percent is the mortality rate of endocarditis by E. rhusiopathiae

Answer 60

38%

Question 61

What is the antibiotic of choice for cutaneous and systemic infection?

Answer 61

Penicillin

Question 62

What is the specimen for culture cor Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 62

Tissue biopsy or aspirates from skin lesions

Question 63

What is the hemolysis of E. rhusiopathiae?

Answer 63

Nonhemolytic

Question 64

It has test tube brus like pattern in gelatin stab incubated at 22 degrees

Answer 64

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 65

It is short, pleomorphic gram positive tod or coccobacillus that often stains gram variable or gram negative It has gram positive type of cell wall

Answer 65

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 66

Primarily known for bacterial vaginodis in humans

Answer 66

Gardnerella vaginodid

Question 67

What is the drug of choice for gardnerella?

Answer 67

Metronidazole and clindamycin

Question 68

Clue cells

Answer 68

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 69

A nugent score of 7-10 indicates

Answer 69

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 70

A nugent score of 4-6 indicates

Answer 70

Intermediate for BV

Question 71

What is the specimen for Gardnerella vaginalis?

Answer 71

Vaginal discharge Can be isolated from urine

Question 72

The G. vaginais growd best at

Answer 72

5-7% carbon dioxide at 35-37 degrees

Question 73

What is the medium of choice for G. vaginalis?

Answer 73

HBT or Human Blood bilayer tween agar

Question 74

When cultured in Sheep blood agar appears When cultured on human blood

Answer 74

- Pinpoint, nonhemolytic colonies - small, gray, opaque, beta-hemolytic

Question 75

Beta/hemolytic colonies on HBT agar should be suspected as

Answer 75

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 76

Aerobic, branched, finely beaded gram positive bacilli

Answer 76

Nocardia

Question 77

What is the virulence factor of nocardia?

Answer 77

- superoxide dismutase - catalase

Question 78

Pulmonary infections is caused by

Answer 78

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and Nocardia farcinica

Question 79

Occurs from the inhalation of the organism present in dust or soil

Answer 79

Pulmonary infections

Question 80

What is the most common manifestation of pulmonary infections?

Answer 80

Confluent bronchopenumonia usually chronic but may be acute or relapsing

Question 81

Occurs after inoculation of the organisms into the skin or subcutaneous tissue

Answer 81

Cutaneous infection

Question 82

Most frequent cause of this cutaneous infection of nocardiosis

Answer 82

Nocardia brasiliensis

Question 83

The lesion of cutaneous infection is called

Answer 83

Actinomycotic mycetoma

Question 84

Lesion of cutaneous infection often seen in

Answer 84

Hands and feet

Question 85

Characterized by swelling, draining sinuses, and granules

Answer 85

Mycetomas

Question 86

Beaded branching filaments are seen in sputum and exudates pr aspirates from skin or abscesses

Answer 86

Nocardia

Question 87

Chalky, matte, velvetty, or powdery appearance and may be white, yrllow, pink, orange, peach, tan, or gray.

Answer 87

Nocardia

Question 88

Dry, crumbly apearace similar to breadcrumbs

Answer 88

Nocardia

Question 89

Medium used for nocardia

Answer 89

MTM - modified thayer martin agar Buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar

Question 90

Colonies dissecting microscope may reveal the presence of

Answer 90

Aerial hyphae

Question 91

What is the most reliable method for identification of nocardia?

Answer 91

16S rRNA gene sequencing

Question 92

Chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the development of sinus tracts that erupt to the surface and drain pus that may contain sulfur granules

Answer 92

Actinomyces

Question 93

Actinomyces causes

Answer 93

Lumpy jaw

Question 94

In what region can you see actinomycosis

Answer 94

Maxillary region and female genital tract

Question 95

Has a colonies with molar tooth apoearance

Answer 95

Actinomyces

Question 96

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 96

Lactobacillus

Question 97

They play an important role in the health of the female vaginal tract in that they help to protect host ftom genital infections

Answer 97

Lactobacillus