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BACT211 IRR1 > Non-spore forming > Flashcards

Non-spore forming Flashcards

1
Q

It is the most significant member of the causative agent of diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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2
Q

What is other name for corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Klebs-Loffler bacillus or diphtheria bacillus

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3
Q

What is the virulence factor for C. diphtheriae?

A

Diphtheria toxin

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4
Q

Slightly curved gram positive rods with unparallel sides and slightly wider ends, producing “club shape”

A

C. diphtheriae

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5
Q

The organism is carried in the upper respiratory tract and spread by droplet infection or hand to mouth contact

A

Respiratory diphtheria

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6
Q

What is the most common site of infection for respiratory diphtheria?

A

Tonsils or pharynx

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7
Q

Begins with low grade fever, malaise, and mild sore throat

A

Respiratory diphtheria

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8
Q

It may result if the membrane blocks the air passage

A

Suffocation

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9
Q

Cutaneous diphtheria also known as

A

Veldt sore or Barcoo rot

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10
Q

Consist of nonhealing ulcers with a dirty gray membrane

A

Cutaneous diphtheria

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11
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for diphtheria?

A

Penicillin

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12
Q

What is given for penicillin-sensitive individuals?

A

Erythromycin

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13
Q

What are the two formations corynebacterium diphtheriae made?

A

V or L formations and
Beaded appearance

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14
Q

Which medium does C. diphtheriae appears black or brownish colonies from the reduction of tellurite?

A

CTBA - Cystine tellurite blood agar

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15
Q

Chinese characters appearance on stained smear

A

C. diphtheriae

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16
Q

C. diphtheriae produced a brown halo in which agar?

A

CTBA

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17
Q

Immunodiffusion test in which organisms are streaked on a medium of low iron content

A

Elek test

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18
Q

Late onset neonatal listeriosis is typically persent as

A

Meningitis

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19
Q

A nugent score of 2 indicates

A

Normal vaginal biota

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20
Q

A positive elek test is indicated by

A

Arch of precipitin lines

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21
Q

Club-shaped

A

Corynebacterium

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22
Q

What is the causative agent of diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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23
Q

Areas that stain more intensely than other parts of the cell

A

Babes-Ernst granules

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24
Q

When the corynebacterium stains irregularly, it gives what appearance?

A

Beaded appearance

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25
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for Corynebacterium?

A

Facultative anaerobe

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26
Q

What is the culture media of choice for C. diphtheriae?

A

Loeffler’s serum or Pai agars

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27
Q

Which species produce a brown halo on CTBA?

A

C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, C. pseudotuberculosis

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28
Q

Used to differentiate C. diphtheriae from C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis

A

Urease test

C. diphtheriae lack of urease production

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29
Q

Most frequently recovered corynebacterium spp from human clinical material.

A

Corynebacterium amycolatum

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30
Q

Prosthetic valve endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, and skin complications

A

Corynebacterium jeikeium

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31
Q

Most frequently associated with respiratory tract infections in immunocomromised individuals.

A

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheticum

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32
Q

Associated with prosthetic joint infection, bloodstream infection and endocarditis in immunosuppressed patients

A

Corynebacterium amycolatum

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33
Q

Associated with endocarditis, UTI, and cutaneous wound infection

A

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheticum

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34
Q

Veterinary pathogen. May cause granulomatous lymphadenitis in humans

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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35
Q

Skin ulcerrs and exudative pharyngitis

A

Corynebacterium ulcerans

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36
Q

Associated with cases of endocarditis, septic arthritis, meningitis, and pneumonia

A

Corynebacterium striatum

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37
Q

Associated with UTIs

A

Corynebacterium urealyticum

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38
Q

Only human pathogen of the genus listeria

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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39
Q

It is uncommon but serious infection of neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunocompromised host

A

Listeriosis

40
Q

It is widespread in the environment: soil, water, vegetation. Can be found in animal products such as milk, cheese, poulty, and processed meats

A

Listeria monocytogenes

41
Q

What are the virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes?

A
  • listeriolysin O (hemolysin)
  • catalase
  • superoxide dismutase
  • phospholipase C
  • surface protein (p60)
42
Q

Induces phagocytosis through increased adhesion and penetration into mammalian cells

A

Protein p60

43
Q

Damages the phagosome membrane, preventing killing of the microorganisms by the macrophage

A

Listeriolysin O

44
Q

What is the mode of entry in listeria monocytogenes?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food

45
Q

What disease listeria can cause to pregnant women?

A
  • may cause spontaneous abortion and stillborn neonates
  • may result to premature labor and septic abortion with 3-7 days
46
Q

Intrauterine infection that can cause illness at or shortly after birth (SEPSIS)

A

Early onset

47
Q

Occurs several days to weeks afterbirth (MENINGITIS)

A

Late onset

48
Q

What is the colony morphology of listeria?

A

Gram positive coccobacillus in singly, chains or in palisades

49
Q

May be used to isolate this organisms from clinical specimen. The specimen is inoculated in broth and incubation at 4 degrees for several weeks. Subcultures are made at weekly intervals.

A

Cold enrichment

50
Q

What is the specimen for listeria?

A

Blood, csf, swabs from lesion

51
Q

It exhibits tumbling motility when viewed microscopically.

In motility medium, the characteristic “UMBRELLA” patrern is seen when the organism is incunated

A

Listeria

52
Q

Produces a block type of hemolysis in CAMP test

A

Listeria monocytogenes

53
Q

What are the biochemical tests that tested positive for listeria?

A

+ for hippurate test
+ for bile esculin hydrolysis
+ for CAMP test

54
Q

What organism is used in place of S. aureus in CAMP test?

A

Rhodococcus equi

55
Q

Human infection are due to occupational exposure, especially those who handles fish and animal products

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

56
Q

Localized skin lesion that resembles streptococcal erysipelas, usually seen on the hands and fingers

A

Erysipeloid

57
Q

Low grade fever, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy may occur

A

Erysipeloid

58
Q

Uncommon and rarely develips from erysipeloid

A

Systemic infection

59
Q

Has been seen in patients who have had valve replacrment as well as those with apparently normal heart valves

A

Endocarditis

60
Q

How many percent is the mortality rate of endocarditis by E. rhusiopathiae

A

38%

61
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for cutaneous and systemic infection?

A

Penicillin

62
Q

What is the specimen for culture cor Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Tissue biopsy or aspirates from skin lesions

63
Q

What is the hemolysis of E. rhusiopathiae?

A

Nonhemolytic

64
Q

It has test tube brus like pattern in gelatin stab incubated at 22 degrees

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

65
Q

It is short, pleomorphic gram positive tod or coccobacillus that often stains gram variable or gram negative

It has gram positive type of cell wall

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

66
Q

Primarily known for bacterial vaginodis in humans

A

Gardnerella vaginodid

67
Q

What is the drug of choice for gardnerella?

A

Metronidazole and clindamycin

68
Q

Clue cells

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

69
Q

A nugent score of 7-10 indicates

A

Bacterial vaginosis

70
Q

A nugent score of 4-6 indicates

A

Intermediate for BV

71
Q

What is the specimen for Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Vaginal discharge
Can be isolated from urine

72
Q

The G. vaginais growd best at

A

5-7% carbon dioxide at 35-37 degrees

73
Q

What is the medium of choice for G. vaginalis?

A

HBT or Human Blood bilayer tween agar

74
Q

When cultured in Sheep blood agar appears

When cultured on human blood

A
  • Pinpoint, nonhemolytic colonies
  • small, gray, opaque, beta-hemolytic
75
Q

Beta/hemolytic colonies on HBT agar should be suspected as

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

76
Q

Aerobic, branched, finely beaded gram positive bacilli

A

Nocardia

77
Q

What is the virulence factor of nocardia?

A
  • superoxide dismutase
  • catalase
78
Q

Pulmonary infections is caused by

A

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and Nocardia farcinica

79
Q

Occurs from the inhalation of the organism present in dust or soil

A

Pulmonary infections

80
Q

What is the most common manifestation of pulmonary infections?

A

Confluent bronchopenumonia usually chronic but may be acute or relapsing

81
Q

Occurs after inoculation of the organisms into the skin or subcutaneous tissue

A

Cutaneous infection

82
Q

Most frequent cause of this cutaneous infection of nocardiosis

A

Nocardia brasiliensis

83
Q

The lesion of cutaneous infection is called

A

Actinomycotic mycetoma

84
Q

Lesion of cutaneous infection often seen in

A

Hands and feet

85
Q

Characterized by swelling, draining sinuses, and granules

A

Mycetomas

86
Q

Beaded branching filaments are seen in sputum and exudates pr aspirates from skin or abscesses

A

Nocardia

87
Q

Chalky, matte, velvetty, or powdery appearance and may be white, yrllow, pink, orange, peach, tan, or gray.

A

Nocardia

88
Q

Dry, crumbly apearace similar to breadcrumbs

A

Nocardia

89
Q

Medium used for nocardia

A

MTM - modified thayer martin agar

Buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar

90
Q

Colonies dissecting microscope may reveal the presence of

A

Aerial hyphae

91
Q

What is the most reliable method for identification of nocardia?

A

16S rRNA gene sequencing

92
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the development of sinus tracts that erupt to the surface and drain pus that may contain sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces

93
Q

Actinomyces causes

A

Lumpy jaw

94
Q

In what region can you see actinomycosis

A

Maxillary region and female genital tract

95
Q

Has a colonies with molar tooth apoearance

A

Actinomyces

96
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Lactobacillus

97
Q

They play an important role in the health of the female vaginal tract in that they help to protect host ftom genital infections

A

Lactobacillus

BACT211 IRR1 (6 decks)

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