Miscellaneous bacteria Flashcards
A stain that is used to visualize Mycoplasma
Acridine orange
Rickettsialpox
R. akari
Boutonneuse fever
R. conorii
Scrub typhus
R. tsutsugamushi
Arthritis usually appears at what stage of lyme disease
Stage 3
Eaton agent
M. pneumoniae
Which of the following C. trachomatis serotype is capable of causing nongonococcal urethritis
Serotype D
R. rickettsi falls under which group?
Spotted fever group
Granulomatous lesions n syphilis appears at which stage?
Tertiary
Bartonella spp. Lives on which type of cell?
RBC
TWAR stain
C. pneumoniae
Causative agent of murine typhus
R. typhi
Rapid plasma regain is used to detect which disease
Syphilis
Causative agent of relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
Causative agent of lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Spirochaetaceae has two genus
- borrelia
- treponema
Known as periplasmic flagella - responsible for motility
Fibrils
Tightly coiled, thin, flexible spirochetes with hooked ends
Leptospira
What is the respiratory requirement of leptospira?
Obligate aerobe
What is the incubation period for leptospirosis?
10-12 days
What are the principal animal reservoir?
Dogs, rats, and other rodents
Mode of transmission: leptospirosis
- Direct contact with urine of carriers
- Indirect by contact with bodies of water contaminated with the urine of carriers
Severe systemic disease. Includes renal failure, hepatic failure, and intravascular disease and can result in death
Weil disease
What is the prophylaxis for leptospirosis?
Doxycycline
Less tightly coiled. All pathogenic species are arthropod-borne
Borrelia
What are the two types of relapsing fever?
- endemic relapsing fever
- epidemic relapsing fever
Tick-borne; ornithodoros
Endemic relapsing fever
Louse-borne; pediculus humanus
Epidemic relapsing fever
What is the specimen for borrelia and leptospira?
Blood
What are the stain used in borrelia?
Giemsa or Wright stained blood smear
Borrelia us cultivated using
Kelly medium
Transmitted via the bite of infected lxodes ticks
Lyme disease
Focus on the cardiac, musculoskeletal, neurologic system
Stage 3 or late manifestation or late persistent infections
exhibit erythema migrans classic skin lesion that is normally found at the site of the tick bite
Stage 1
Secondary skin lesions, migratory joint and bone pain, alarming neurologic and cardiac pathology, splenomegalt, severe malaise and fatigue
Stage 2 or early disseminated
It begins as a red macule and expands to form large annular erythema with partial central clearing
Stage 1
Tightly twisted spiral bacteria. Difficult to visualize using bright field microscope
Treponema
Culturable
Leptospira
Stain easily and can visualize using bright field microscope
Borrelia
Pinta
Treponema carateum
Yaws
T. pallidum subsp. pertenue
Endemic syphilis (bejel)
Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
What is the mode of transmission in treponema?
Direct sexual contact
Artificial medium used in leptospira
- Fletcher’s semisolid
- Stuart liquid
- Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris semisolid media or EMJH
Leptospira can be visualize using
Dark field, phase contrast, and immunofluorescent microscopy
Nongenital contact with a lesion
On the lip
Transplacental transmission
Transmission to fetus (CONGENITAL SYPHILIS)
Manifested by skin lesion known as hard chancre.
Single erythematous lesion that is nontender but firm, with a clean surface and raised border
Primary stage of syphilis
Condyloma lata - macular, papular, follicular, papulosquamous
Seconda stage of syphilis
Asymptomatic stage
2 years to 40 years
Latent state (inactive stage)
Development of granulomatous lesions - gummas
Fatal
Tertiary stage of syphilis (late syphilis)
What are the four serological tests
- RPR - rapud plasma reagin
- VDRL - venereal disease research laboratory
- FTA-ABS test
- Hemagglutinin test
Commonly used serological test
RPR - rapid plasma reagin
Primary method used for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis
SEROLOGY
Smallest self-replicating organisms in nature.
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma is resistant to which antibiotic?
Penicillin and cephalosporin
Which organisms are rapid growing?
Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp
Which specie is slow growing organism?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Colonies wity slightly raised centers giving the classic fried egg appearance
Mycoplasma spp
What are the mode of transmission of mycoplasma?
- direct sexual contact
- vertical transmission
- respiratory secretions or fomites
Requires urea
Ureaplasma
Requires glucose
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma genitalium
Requires arginine
Mycoplasma hominis
Also known as pleuropneumonia like organism
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Other term for mycoplasma pneumoniae
Walking pneumoniae of asymptomatic pneumoniae
Causes non-gonococcal urethritis or vaginitis
Mycoplasma hominis and mycoplasma urealyticum
Can be transmitted to the ferus ar delivery and have been recovered from rhe CSF
Mycoplasma hominis and mycoplasma urealyticum
Only species that can grow on SBA and CAP
Mycoplasma hominis
Ability to metabolize urea to form ammonia
Mycoplasma urealyticum
Colonies of chlamydia remains
Colorless
Causing trachoma. Eye infection that can lead to blindness
Serotype A, B, C
Vaginitis nongonococcal urethritis, epididymitus and prostatitis.
Also causes conjunctivitis
Serotype D to K
Risk favtor for Guillain-Barre syndrome
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
What test is used to differentiate chlamydophila trachomatis?
Sulfonamide susceptibility test
What is susceptible in sulfonamide susceptibility test?
Chlamydophila psittaci
Causative agent for psittacosis
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydophila psittaci also known as
Ornithosis or parrot fever
What are the three groups of rickettsia?
- typhus group
- spotted fever group
- transituonal group
Which species are the members of typhus group?
- ricketssia prowazekii and ricketssia typhi
Which species are the members of spotted fever group?
- rickettsia rickettsii,
- rickettsia conorii
- rickettsia africae
Which species are the members of transitional group?
- rickettsia akari
- rickettsia australis
- rickettsia felis
What is the vector in murine typhus?
Oriental rat flea or xenopsylla cheopis
Causative agent of Epidemic louse-borne typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
Vector of louse borne typhus
Human louse (pediculus humanus), squirrel flea (orchopeas howardii), and squirrel louse (neohaematopinus sciuriopteri)
Boutonneuse Fever also known as
Mediterranean spotted fever
What is the vector of Rickettsialpox
Mouse mite (Liponyssoides
sanguineus)
What is the vector of orienta tsutsugamushi
Chigger (Leptotrombidium deliensis)
Causes Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Vector of human granulocytotrophic anaplasmosis
Western black-legged tick and deer tick
exhibit a “twitching motility” in wet mounts
Bartonella bacilliformis and Bartonella benselae
Trench Fever
B. quintana
Cat Scratch Disease
B. benselae
Infective Endocarditis
B. elizabethae
Oroya Fever (Chronic Verruga
Peruana) and Febrile Acute Hemolytic
Anemia
B. bacilliformis
Cat Scratch Disease (secondary
agent)
B. clarridgeiae
Causative agent of Q (Query) Fever – a systemic
infection of the lungs
Coxiella burnetti
Potential bioterrorism agent
Coxiella burnetti
They multiply in the phagosome of the host leukocytes
Ehrlichia
Presence of intravacuolar microcolony that
resembles “mulberries” or a morula
Ehrlichia
detection of morulae during the febrile
stage of Ehrlichiosis
Giemsa stain
used
for the cultivation of B. bacilliformis
Columbia blood agar with 5% defibrinated blood
gold standard serologic test or reference method for Rickettsioses and Q fever
Indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)
assay
presumptive test for
Rickettsioses
Weil-Felix Reaction
excellent
sensitivity for detecting antibodies to Rickettsia;
early diagnosis of RMSF
Microimmunofluorescent dot test
It is the only test that is performed for the diagnosis of
rickettsial diseases
SEROLOGICAL TESTS
