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NPLEX - Anatomy > Splanchnology > Flashcards

Splanchnology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name of the pituitary gland?

A

hypophysis

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2
Q

Identify two sources of blood to the liver.

A

hepatic artery, portal vein

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3
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the bladder?

A

contracts detrusor, relaxes internal sphincter

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4
Q

List the four sets of lymph nodes that drain the tongue. Identify which portion of the tongue each lymph node drains.

A

superior deep cervical nodes (posterior 1/3 of tongue)

inferior deep cervical nodes (medial/ant. 2/3 of tongue)

submandibular nodes (lateral portion of ant. 2/3 of tongue)

submental (apex of tongue)

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5
Q

Which paired female glands are homologous with the bulb and the corpus spongiosum of the penis? Where are they located?

A

vestibular (aka bartholin’s) glands

located on sides of vaginal orifice under bulbospongiosus muscles

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6
Q

Which arteries supply the head of the pancreas?

A

superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries

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7
Q

Which is the widest part of the fallopian tube?

A

ampulla

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8
Q

Which paranasal sinus is largest?

A

maxillary

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9
Q

Between which lobes of the liver is the gallbladder embedded?

A

right and quadrate lobe

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10
Q

How is the descending colon innervated?

A

sympathetic (lumbar trunk, superior hypogastric plexus)

parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

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11
Q

In what portion of the esophagus does peristalsis occur?

A

lower 2/3

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12
Q

How is lymph drained from the anus?

A

superior to pectinate line (internal iliac lymph nodes)

inferior to pectinate line (superficial inguinal lymph nodes)

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13
Q

How are teeth innervated?

A

superior alveolar nerve (branch of CN V2)

inferior alveolar nerve (branch of CN V3)

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14
Q

Which structures drain blood from the ejaculatory ducts?

A

prostatic and vesical venous plexi

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15
Q

How would an increase in activity along CN X affect peristalsis in the stomach?

A

increased peristalsis

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16
Q

Which chamber forms the pulmonary (left) surface of the heart?

A

left ventricle

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17
Q

Name the cartilage that sits on top of the arytenoid cartilage.

A

corniculate cartilage

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18
Q

Where is the angular notch (incisure) of the stomach?

A

2/3 along the lesser curvature, where the body and pylorum meet

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19
Q

Which muscle makes up the anterior pillar of the soft palate?

A

palatoglossus

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20
Q

Name the muscles that make up the pillars of the fauces.

A

palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal

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21
Q

What line separates the superior and the inferior anal canal. By what other names is it known?

A

pectinate (aka dentate line, white line of Hilton)

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22
Q

Which paranasal sinus is innervated by the superior alveolar nerves (branches of CN V2)?

A

maxillary sinus

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23
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located in relation to the urethra?

A

posterolateral to the urethra

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24
Q

Which artery supplies the parenchyma of the lung?

A

bronchial artery

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25
Q

From which tissue is the pineal gland derived?

A

invagination of the diencephalon

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26
Q

What is another name for the apex of the renal pyramid?

A

renal papilla

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27
Q

What structure is located between the tail of the epididymis and the seminal vesicles?

A

Vas (aka ductus) deferens

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28
Q

From which embryological cells is the medulla of the adrenal derived?

A

neural crest cells

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29
Q

Which structure of the penis surrounds the spongy urethra?

A

corpus spongiosum

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30
Q

Which artery runs along the atrioventricular groove?

A

right coronary artery

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31
Q

Which nodes drain lymph from the esophagus?

A

paratracheal and inferior deep cervical lymph nodes drain the upper esophagus

left gastric lymph nodes drain the lower esophagus

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32
Q

How many permanent teeth do most adults have? How many incisors, canines, premolars (aka bicuspids) and molars?

A

32 (8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars (or bicuspids), 12 molars)

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33
Q

Which structure attaches the liver to the abdominal wall?

A

round ligament

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34
Q

Which part of the uterus is a round section that lies superior to the body?

A

fundus

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35
Q

Where is the majority of the jejunum located?

A

upper left quadrant

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36
Q

What structures are muscular elevations in the wall of the right ventricle?

A

trabeculae carneae

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37
Q

What name is given to the mucosal folds on the inside of the stomach?

A

rugae

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38
Q

Name the cylindrical structures of the body of the penis.

A

corpora cavernosa (aka crus penis) has two cylinders

corpus spongiosum is a single cylinder

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39
Q

In which quadrant or quadrants can the liver be found?

A

right and left upper quadrants

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40
Q

Trace the flow of urine from the renal pyramid to the ureter.

A

renal pyramid, renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

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41
Q

Which part of the fallopian tube is a thick walled entry into the uterus?

A

isthmus

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42
Q

Which vein drains blood from the parts of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery?

A

great cardiac vein (aka anterior interventricular vein)

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43
Q

Name the lobes and fissures of the lungs.

A

right lung (superior, middle, and inferior lobes separated by horizontal and oblique fissures)

left lung (superior and inferior lobes separated by oblique fissure)

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44
Q

Which duct is formed from the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles?

A

ejaculatory duct

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45
Q

Name the ligaments that hold the ovaries to the lateral wall.

A

suspensory ligaments

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46
Q

How is lymph drained from the ovaries?

A

lumbar lymph nodes

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47
Q

What is the only portion of the duodenum that is not retroperitoneal?

A

ampulla

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48
Q

Which veins drain the thyroid?

A

superior, middle, inferior thyroid veins

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49
Q

What does the round ligament of the uterus (ligamentum teres uteri) contain?

A

Nothing

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50
Q

How is the uterus innervated?

A

uterovaginal plexus

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51
Q

Which part of the penis is a distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum?

A

glans penis

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52
Q

Name the lymph nodes that drain the salivary glands.

A

submandibular (deep cervical nodes)

parotid (superifical and deep cervical lymph nodes)

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53
Q

Name five items that occupy the renal sinus.

A

renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves, fat

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54
Q

Which arteries supply each of the three salivary glands?

A

submandibular (submental branch of facial artery)

sublingual (sublingual and submental branches of the lingual and facial arteries)

parotid (branches of superficial temporal artery and external carotid artery)

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55
Q

Where is the perineal body and what is its function?

A

located between vagina and anal canal

supports vagina posteriorly

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56
Q

Which larger vein collects blood from the tongue via the dorsal and deep lingual veins?

A

inferior jugular vein

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57
Q

Which major arteries supply the duodenum?

A

celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

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58
Q

Where is the incisive foramen and what structures go through it?

A

posterior to the central incisors (in the maxillae)

nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery

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59
Q

How is lymph drained from the labia majora and minora?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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60
Q

Which arteries supply the transverse colon?

A

middle colic artery from the superior mesenteric artery

also right/left colic arteries

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61
Q

Which right sided valve closing contributes to S2?

A

pulmonary valve

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62
Q

Which part of the uterus guards entry into the uterus from the vagina?

A

cervix

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63
Q

Name the meatus that has openings to the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses.

A

middle meatus

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64
Q

Are ureters retroperitoneal?

A

Yes

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65
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

A

CN I (olfactory)

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66
Q

Which vessel supplies the liver with oxygenated blood? Which vessel delivers relatively deoxygenated blood to the liver?

A

hepatic artery

portal vein

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67
Q

What is the effect of a parasympathetic signal to the stomach?

A

increased peristalsis and acid secretion

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68
Q

How is the liver innervated?

A

by hepatic nerve plexus, which comes from the celiac nerve plexus

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69
Q

How is lymph drained from the gall bladder?

A

via hepatic lymph nodes

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70
Q

How is lymph drained from the descending colon?

A

epiploic and paracolic lymph nodes drain intermediate colic lymph nodes

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71
Q

What is the other name for the esophageal junction? What histological change occurs at this junction?

A

z-line

esophageal mucosa changes to gastric mucosa

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72
Q

Which structure connects the liver to the abdominal wall and is the remnant of the obliterated umbilical vein? What is another name for this structure?

A

round ligament (aka ligamentum teres)

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73
Q

Which paranasal sinus drains into the middle meatus and is innervated by branches of CN V1?

A

frontal sinus

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74
Q

Which parts of the heart are supplied by the right coronary artery?

A

AV and SA nodes, right atrium, most of right ventricle, part of left ventricle, part of AV septum

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75
Q

Which part of the broad ligament covers the ovary and is located between the ovary and the pelvic wall?

A

mesovarium

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76
Q

Which smaller lobes of the liver may both be considered part of the right lobe?

A

caudate and quadrate lobes

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77
Q

How does lymph drain from the sigmoid colon?

A

epiploic and paracolic lymph nodes drain intermediate colic lymph nodes

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78
Q

How is the sigmoid colon innervated?

A

sympathetic (lumbar trunk, superior hypogastric plexus)

parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

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79
Q

How much of the esophagus is intra-abdominal?

A

1 cm

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80
Q

Where on the tongue is the foramen cecum? What embryological structure is it a remnant of?

A

pit on the dorsal surface of the tongue

thyroglossal duct

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81
Q

Which veins drain the thymus?

A

left brachiocephalic, internal thoracic, inferior thyroid veins

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82
Q

Which arteries supply the body and tail of the pancreas?

A

pancreatic arteries from splenic artery

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83
Q

Via which structure does blood from the cardiac veins return to the heart?

A

through the coronary sinus directly into the right atrium

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84
Q

Which pyramid shaped cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage and anchors the vocal chords?

A

arytenoid cartilage

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85
Q

Which structure collects filtered blood by tunneling through the liver?

A

inferior vena cava

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86
Q

Which arteries supply the vagina?

A

uterine (from internal iliac artery)

vaginal (from uterine artery)

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87
Q

Which chamber forms most of the inferior border of the heart?

A

right ventricle (and a little of the left ventricle)

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88
Q

Which lung has a horizontal fissure (right, left, or both)?

A

right

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89
Q

Name the two structures that prevent tricuspid and mitral valves from being forced open.

A

chordae tendinae and papillary muscle

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90
Q

What somatic nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

A

superior laryngeal nerve

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91
Q

Is the esophagus posterior or anterior to the trachea?

A

poserior

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92
Q

What is the body of the clitoris composed of?

A

two crura, two corpus cavernosa, glans clitioris covered by prepuce

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93
Q

Name and located the four lobes of the prostate.

A

anterior (aka isthmus) - anterior to urethra

posterior - posterior to urethra

lateral - sides of urethra

middle - between the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts

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94
Q

Name the three structures that pass through the hilum of the kidney.

A

renal artery, vein, pelvis

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95
Q

What is the name given to the inner fibrous coat that covers the testes?

A

tunica albuginea

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96
Q

Which sphincter of the bladder is under voluntary control? How is it innervated?

A

External sphincter

perineal nerve (branch of pudendal nerve, branch of sciatic nerve)

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97
Q

What cranial nerve carries tactile information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

lingual nerve (branch of CN V3)

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98
Q

Which (external/internal) is the involuntary sphincter of the anus? What type of muscle fibre is it made of, and where is this muscle located? How is it innervated?

A

internal sphincter is involuntary

made of smooth muscle

runs along superior 2/3 of anal canal

parasympathetic fibers of pelvic splanchnic nerves

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99
Q

What name is given to the funnel-shaped part of the fallopian tubes that opens into the peritoneal cavity?

A

infundibulum

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100
Q

Which veins drain the seminal vesicles?

A

inferior vesical vein and middle rectal veins - all drain into the internal iliac which drains into common iliac vein

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101
Q

How is lymph drained from the ascending colon?

A

ileocolic lymph nodes

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102
Q

Which muscle makes up the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

cricopharyngeus muscle

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103
Q

Which structure drains the ovaries of blood?

A

pampiniform plexus to ovarian vein

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104
Q

Name the veins that drain the stomach.

A

gastric veins, short gastric veins, and gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) veins

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105
Q

Where is the soft palate (anterior/posterior)? what kind of tissue is it composed of?

A

posterior 1/3 of palate

aponeurotic tissue (not bone)

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106
Q

At which spinal level is the thyroid found?

A

Between C5 and T1

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107
Q

Name four structures found in the renal medulla.

A

proximal and distal straight tubules, loop of Henle, vasa recta

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108
Q

Which arteries supply the parathyroid glands?

A

branches of the inferior thyroid arteries, superior thyroid arteries, tracheal artery, esophageal artery, laryngeal artery

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109
Q

Which structure drains blood from the vagina back to the heart?

A

vaginal venous plexus

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110
Q

Which muscle make up the posterior pillar of the soft palate?

A

palatopharyngeus

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111
Q

How is lymph drained from the testes?

A

lumbar and preaortic lymph nodes

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112
Q

Which veins drain the anus?

A

internal rectal venous plexus and superior/inferior rectal veins

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113
Q

Which nerve innervates the lungs?

A

CN X

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114
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

naso-, oro-, and laryngo-

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115
Q

Which veins drain the parathyroid glands?

A

parathyroid veins drain into the venous plexus

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116
Q

Which vein drains blood from the sigmoid colon?

A

inferior mesenteric vein drains to the splenic vein, which empties into the portal vein

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117
Q

On which lung will you find the cardiac notch?

A

left

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118
Q

On what surface will you find the root of the lung?

A

mediastinal surface

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119
Q

Name four nerves that innervate the scrotum.

A

ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve, posterior scrotal nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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120
Q

List the three parts of the male urethra.

A

prostatic, membranous, and penile (aka spongy)

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121
Q

How is lymph drained from the rectum?

A

superior (pararectal lymph nodes)

inferior (internal iliac lymph nodes)

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122
Q

Which paired female glands are located on the sides of the external urethral orifice and are homologous with the prostate glands?

A

paraurtheral (aka Skene’s) glands

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123
Q

Which glands secrete mucus to cover the hard palate?

A

palatine glands

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124
Q

Which vein drains the descending colon?

A

inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein which drains into portal vein

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125
Q

List the arteries the supply the stomach.

A

left and right gastric, left and right gastro-omental (epiploic), short gastric arteries (spleen)

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126
Q

Which structure carries the right bundle branch of the AV bundle (AKA bundle of His)?

A

septomarginal trabecula

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127
Q

To which bone is the thyroid cartilage attached?

A

hyoid bone (via thyrohyoid membrane)

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128
Q

How are the ejaculatory ducts innervated?

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

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129
Q

Which chambers form the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface of the heart?

A

left/right ventricles

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130
Q

Which chambers form the superior border of the heart?

A

right/left atria and auricles

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131
Q

Which veins drain the larynx?

A

superior/inferior laryngeal veins

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132
Q

How is the parietal pleura innervated?

A

intercostal and phrenic nerves

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133
Q

Which paranasal sinus innervated by the posterior ethmoidal nerve?

A

sphenoid sinus

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134
Q

What is the name of the flap of mucous membrane from the auditory tube that is found in the nasopharynx?

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

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135
Q

Name the vessel that carries blood from the aorta to the lung tissue.

A

bronchial artery

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136
Q

Which ligament is a lateral extension of the peritoneum of the broad ligament?

A

suspensory ligament

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137
Q

Name four arteries that supply the nose.

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal (from ophthalmic artery)

sphenopalatine and greater palatine (from maxillary artery)

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138
Q

Name the three flexures that give the rectum its “S” shape.

A

sacral, anorectal, lateral flexures

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139
Q

Where in the mouth are the openings for the submandibular ducts?

A

in the sublingual caruncles, which are located on either side of the base of the frenulum

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140
Q

Which two structures unite to form the ejaculatory ducts?

A

seminal vesicle duct and ductus (aka vas) deferens

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141
Q

Name three muscles that produce speech.

A

arytenoid, posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid

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142
Q

How are the seminal vesicles innervated?

A

sympathetic (presynaptic fibers from superior lumbar and hypogastric nerves)

parasympathetic (presynaptic fibers from pelvic splanchnic nerves to hypogastric plexi)

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143
Q

What is the effect of the cricothyroid muscle on the vocal chords and the voice?

A

lengthens vocal chords, lowers pitch of voice

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144
Q

Name the muscle of the bladder.

A

detrusor muscle

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145
Q

What two ducts give rise to the common bile duct?

A

cystic duct of gallbladder and common hepatic duct of the liver

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146
Q

How is the stomach innervated?

A

sympathetic: thoracic splanchnic nerves (T6-T9)

parasympathetic (CNX)

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147
Q

Which structure supports the duodeno-jejunal flexure?

A

ligament of Treitz

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148
Q

What name is given to the double layer of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curve of the stomach and the duodenum?

A

greater omentum

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149
Q

How is the gallbladder innervated?

A

sympathetic (celiac plexus)

parasympathetic (CNX, sensory - right phrenic nerve)

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150
Q

Which flexure of the rectum contains three transverse folds? By what other name are these folds known?

A

lateral flexure

valves of houston

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151
Q

What other name are the vestibular folds of the larynx known as? Where do they run?

A

false vocal chords

from thyroid to arytenoid

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152
Q

Which set of arteries supply the posterior tongue?

A

dorsal lingual arteries

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153
Q

Which nerve carries tactile and taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX

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154
Q

Which nerves carry taste information from the tongue?

A

chorda tympani branch of CN VII innervates the anterior 2/3

lingual branch of CN IX innervates the posterior 1/3

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155
Q

What is the major function of the soft palate?

A

prevents food from entering the nose during swallowing

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156
Q

Which nerve innervates the teeth?

A

superior and inferior alveolar nerves

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157
Q

What are omental appendices composed of? What other name are they known by?

A

Fat (aka epiploic appendices)

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158
Q

Which arteries supply the prostate gland?

A

prostatic arteries, inferior vesical arteries, internal iliac artery, internal pudendal artery, middle rectal artery (all come from the common iliac artery)

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159
Q

Which vein drains blood from the transverse colon?

A

superior mesenteric vein

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160
Q

Name the portions of the large intestine that are supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.

A

1/2 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum

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161
Q

How is the rectum innervated?

A

sympathetic (lumbar trunk and superior hypogastric plexus)

parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

also visceral afferent and sensory fibers

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162
Q

Which sinus drains into the nasal cavity?

A

maxillary sinus

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163
Q

Which lobes of the liver are functionally independent?

A

right and left lobes

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164
Q

Which vein drains blood from the ileum?

A

superior mesenteric vein

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165
Q

At what spinal levels are the kidneys located?

A

T11 to L3

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166
Q

Which finger-like projections sweep the egg into the fallopian tube?

A

fimbria

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167
Q

How are the external muscles of the pharynx innervated? What is their main function?

A

pharyngeal plexus made of CN IX and CN X

swallowing

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168
Q

Which (external/internal) is the voluntary sphincter of the anus? What type of muscle fiber is it made of and where is this muscle located? How is it innervated?

A

external sphincter is voluntary

striated muscle

runs along inferior 2/3 of anal canal

inferior rectal nerve, which comes from pudendal nerve

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169
Q

Which cranial nerve carries touch and taste information from the epiglottis?

A

CN X

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170
Q

How would an increase in activity along the thoracic splanchnic nerves affect the stomach?

A

decrease perstalsis

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171
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

alter tongue shape

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172
Q

Is the descending colon retroperitoneal?

A

yes

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173
Q

How is the penis innervated?

A

pudendal nerve and pelvic plexi (S2-S4)

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174
Q

What structures attach the septal cusps to the valve of the ventricle wall?

A

chordae tendinae

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175
Q

Which structure adheres to the thoracic cage, the diaphragm and the pericardium?

A

parietal pleura

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176
Q

What name is given to the reflected peritoneum that runs from the rectum to the bladder in males? What name is given to the analogous structure that runs from the rectum to fornix of the vagina in females?

A

rectovesical pouch in males

rectouterine pouch in females (aka pouch of douglas)

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177
Q

Which is the most common ectopic site of thyroid tissue?

A

tongue

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178
Q

Which vein drains blood from the prostate?

A

prostatic venous plexus drains to the internal iliac veins

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179
Q

How are the testes innervated?

A

autonomic nerves from the testicular plexus of nerves contain parasympathetic (from vagal nerve) and sympathetic (T7) fibers

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180
Q

From which structures does the right atrium receive blood?

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

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181
Q

What action do splanchnic nerves have on the stomach?

A

decrease peristalsis and acid secretion

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182
Q

Which arteries supply the penis?

A

branches of internal pudendal arteries and deep arteries of the penis (all come from internal iliac artery)

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183
Q

Do the right and left pulmonary veins have valves?

A

no

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184
Q

At what level is the rectosigmoid junction found?

A

S3

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185
Q

Which arteries supply the anus?

A

superior to pectinate line - superior rectal artery (from inferior mesenteric artery)

inferior to pectinate line - inferior rectal artery (from internal pudendal arteries)

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186
Q

Which bones form the hard palate?

A

palatine processes of maxillae and the palatine bones

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187
Q

Name the major vein that drains the small intestine.

A

superior mesenteric vein

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188
Q

What structure does the common bile duct merge with to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla? What is another name for the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

merges with main pancreatic duct

ampulla of vater

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189
Q

Where on the tongue is sweetness detected?

A

apex (tip)

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190
Q

What is the blood supply to the laryngopharynx? Which vein drains the laryngopharynx? What are the lymphatics?

A

tonsillar artery (branch of facial artery)

external palatine vein

tonsillar (jugulodigastric) lymph nodes

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191
Q

Which artery supplies the internal larynx?

A

superior laryngeal artery (via the superior thyroid artery)

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192
Q

List the three bones that make up the nasal aperture.

A

nasal, frontal, maxilla

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193
Q

List the nine cartilages of the larynx.

A

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic, 2 arytenoid, 2 corniculate, 2 cuneiform

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194
Q

Which cranial nerve carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN VII

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195
Q

At which costal interspace is the mitral valve?

A

4th costal interspace

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196
Q

Where is the pituitary gland (aka hypophysis) located?

A

in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

197
Q

Which veins drain blood away from the esophagus?

A

inferior thyroid vein drains the upper esophagus

left gastric vein drains the lower esophagus

198
Q

How is lymph drained from the fallopian tubes?

A

lumbar lymph nodes

199
Q

Name the peritoneum that drapes the uterus, uterine tube, and ovary.

A

broad ligament

200
Q

Which arteries supply the fallopian tubes?

A

branches of the uterine (from internal iliac) and ovarian (from abdominal) arteries

201
Q

How is the larynx innervated?

A

sensory information is carried via the internal laryngeal nerve

motor information is carried by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X)

EXCEPTION: external laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle

202
Q

Which vein drains blood from the ascending colon?

A

ileocolic vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein

203
Q

How is the kidney innervated?

A

renal plexus (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

204
Q

How is the pancreas innervated?

A

vagus nerve and thoracic splanchnic nerve

sympathetic and parasympathetic via the celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

205
Q

Which structure separates the right and left atria?

A

interatrial septum

206
Q

How are the Bartholin glands oriented?

A

4 and 8 o’ clock

207
Q

Name the vessel that carries blood from the right ventricle to the alveoli.

A

pulmonary artery

208
Q

Name the artery that supplies the small intestine.

A

superior mesenteric artery

209
Q

What is the name of the space between the teeth and the buccal gingiva?

A

oral vestibule

210
Q

Which arteries supply the seminal vesicles?

A

inferior vesical artery and middle rectal arteries (all derived from internal iliac, which is from the common iliac artery)

211
Q

Where is the retromammary space? What does it contain?

A

between deep pectoral fascia and breast

contains loose CT

212
Q

Name the glands embedded in the external sphincter of the urethra.

A

bulbourethral glands

213
Q

At what level can the esophagus be found? Where is it relative to the trachea?

A

T1-T4

posterior to trachea

214
Q

Which structures drain the penis of blood?

A

venus plexus formed by the deep dorsal vein of the penis and superficial dorsal vein

215
Q

How is the ileum innervated?

A

sympathetic (T5-T9 spinal cord segments via the celiac plexus)

parasympathetic (posterior vagal trunks via myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus)

216
Q

On which lung will you find a projection on the upper lobe called the lingula?

A

left

217
Q

Name the muscles that raise the pitch of voice when shortened.

A

thyroarytenoid and vocalis

218
Q

Name the branches of the left coronary artery.

A

SA nodal artery, anterior interventricular branch, circumflex branch, left marginal branch

219
Q

At what costal interspace is the aortic valve?

A

3rd costal interspace

220
Q

Which structures attach the mammary glands to the dermis of the skin?

A

suspensory (aka cooper’s) ligaments

221
Q

Which ligament suspends the fundus of the uterus anteriorly and extends into the labia majora through the inguinal canal?

A

round ligament

222
Q

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the body?

A

thyroid

223
Q

How is the voluntary external urethral sphincter innervated?

A

pudendal nerve S2, S3, S4

224
Q

What is the name of the vertical groove that separates smooth and rough parts of the wall of the right atrium externally?

A

sulcus terminalis

225
Q

Which part of the penis contains the crura and bulb?

A

the root

226
Q

Which structures attach the ventricular walls to the chordae tendinae?

A

papillary muscles

227
Q

Name the region of the bladder that contains the two ureteric and the one urethral opening.

A

trigone

228
Q

Name the portions of the large intestine that are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.

A

1/2 of the transverse colon, ascending colon, ileocecal area

229
Q

Which chamber forms the right border of the heart?

A

right atrium

230
Q

How does lymph drain from the adrenals?

A

lumbar lymph nodes

231
Q

What name is given to the sacculations of colon that appear between teniae coli?

A

haustra

232
Q

Which division of the autonomic system dilates bronchioles?

A

sympathetic

233
Q

Which veins drain the scrotum?

A

External pudendal veins drain into the great saphenous vein and to the femoral vein

234
Q

What structure separates the quadrate lobe of the liver from the left lobe?

A

ligamentum teres

235
Q

How is lymph drained from the duodenum?

A

pacnreatico-duodenal lymph nodes, pyloric lymph nodes, superior mesenteric lymph nodes, celiac lymph nodes

236
Q

Which artery supplies the mucous membrane and the inferior muscles of the larynx?

A

inferior laryngeal artery

237
Q

How is the anus innervated?

A

superior to pectinate line - inferior hypogastric plexus

inferior to pectinate line - inferior rectal nerves and branches of the pudendal nerve (sensitive to touch, pain, temperature)

238
Q

Which is the largest cartilage in the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage

239
Q

List three structures that form the nasal septum.

A

vomer, ethmoid, and septal cartilage

240
Q

Where in the small intestine does most absorption occur?

A

jejunum

241
Q

Which veins drain the parts of the heart supplied by the right coronary artery?

A

middle and small cardiac veins

242
Q

Where is the pineal gland located relative to the thalamus and the midbrain?

A

posterior to thalamus and superior to midbrain of the brainstem

243
Q

What name is given to the double layer of peritoneum that envelops the large intestine?

A

mesocolon

244
Q

Which artery supplies the appendix?

A

appendicular artery from the ileocolic artery, a branch of the superior mesenteric artery

245
Q

Which blood vessels supply the teeth?

A

alveolar arteries from the maxillary artery

246
Q

Which part of the broad ligament forms the mesentery of the uterine tube and is found between the fallopian tube, ovary and ovarian ligament proper?

A

mesosalpinx

247
Q

Name the ligament that suspends the uterus and anchors the labia majora via the inguinal canal.

A

round ligament

248
Q

Which muscle makes up the anterior wall of the right atrium?

A

pectinate muscle

249
Q

What portion of the tooth is covered with enamel?

A

crown

250
Q

List three possible sites of kidney stone obstruction (constrictions).

A

junction of pelvis/ureter, crossing of ureters at the pelvic inlet, and as ureters pass through the bladder wall

251
Q

Name four lymph nodes that drain the parathyroids.

A

paratracheal, prelaryngeal, pretracheal and inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

252
Q

Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

right/left gastroepiploic arteries

253
Q

What lesion should be suspected if the uvula moves asymmetrically during swallowing?

A

CN X

254
Q

At what level is the larynx found?

A

C3-C6

255
Q

What structure separates the right from the left lobe of the liver?

A

falciform ligament

256
Q

List the three muscular layers of the stomach, from innermost to outermost.

A

oblique, circular, longitudinal

257
Q

Which nerves carry motor information to the tongue?

A

CN X innervates the anterior 2/3, CN XII innervates the posterior 1/3

258
Q

How is lymph drained from the vagina?

A

internal and external iliac lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes, sacral lymph nodes, superficial inguinal lymph nodes

259
Q

At what costal interspace is the pulmonary valve?

A

3rd costal interspace

260
Q

How are the labia minora and majora innervated?

A

branches of the ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, pudendal, perineal, and cutaneous nerves of the thigh

261
Q

What is the name of the transverse fissure where ducts and vessels enter and leave the liver? Between which lobes is this fissure located?

A

porta hepatis

caudate and quadrate lobes

262
Q

How is the thyroid innervated?

A

superior, middle, and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia

263
Q

What is the major innervation of the palate?

A

CN V3 (aka maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve)

264
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?

A

stick out tongue

265
Q

Through what structure does the esophagus enter the diaphragm?

A

esophageal hiatus

266
Q

How many major calices in a typical kidney?

A

2-3

267
Q

To which other cartilage does the thyroid cartilage attach?

A

cricoid

268
Q

What part of the stomach is the widest and the most inferior?

A

pyloric portion of the body

269
Q

What structure divides the tongue in half?

A

lingual septum

270
Q

Which vein drains the jejunum?

A

superior mesenteric vein

271
Q

What are the three layers of a tooth (arranged from innermost to outermost)?

A

pulp, dentin, enamel (crown) or cement (root)

272
Q

Name the part of the broad ligament that covers the ovary.

A

mesovarium

273
Q

Can the visceral pleura sense pain?

A

no

274
Q

What are the three main sections of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

275
Q

At what level is the trachea found?

A

C6-T4

276
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates most of the motor action of the tongue?

A

CN XII

277
Q

How is the stylopharyngeus muscle innervated? What is its function?

A

CN IX

elevates the pharynx

278
Q

What name is given to the double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach an duodenum?

A

lesser omentum

279
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

elevates tongue

280
Q

Which chamber forms the left border of the heart?

A

mostly left ventricle, with a little bit of left auricle

281
Q

Which are the first arteries to branch off of the aorta?

A

right/left coronary arteries

282
Q

What is the name of the thick bands of longitudinal smooth muscle found in the large intestine?

A

teniae coli

283
Q

Name the vessel that carries blood from the alveoli to the left atrium.

A

pulmonary vein

284
Q

Which structure is an opening between the right AV orifice and the IVC orifice, and receives blood from the coronary arteries?

A

coronary sinus

285
Q

What portion of the digestive tract extends from the iliac fossa to S3?

A

sigmoid colon

286
Q

Which cartilage is connected by the vocal ligament?

A

thyroid and arytenoid

287
Q

How is lymph drained from the penis?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

288
Q

Name four lymph nodes that drain the thyroid.

A

paratracheal, prelaryngeal, pretracheal and inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

289
Q

List the three layers of the adrenal cortex.

A

glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

290
Q

Where in the small intestine will you find the greatest number of Peyer’s patches and arterial arcades?

A

ileum

291
Q

Name the region of the lung where bronchi, blood vessels and nerves can enter/leave the lung.

A

hilum

292
Q

From which primary germ cell layers is the cortex of the adrenal gland derived?

A

mesoderm

293
Q

Name the space between the vocal chords.

A

rima glottidis (or simply glottis)

294
Q

Which is firmly attached to the lungs - the visceral or parietal pleura?

A

visceral

295
Q

How many alveolar sacs per alveolar duct?

A

5-6

296
Q

Name the erectile tissue of which the glans penis is a part.

A

corpus spongiosum

297
Q

Which artery supplies the ascending colon?

A

ileocolic artery from the superior mesenteric artery

298
Q

At what level does the esophagus enter the diagphragm?

A

T10

299
Q

Which ligament contains uterine vessels?

A

transverse cervical (aka cardinal) ligament

300
Q

How many lactiferous ducts in a lobule?

A

1

301
Q

How are the adrenal glands shaped?

A

right is triangular, left is semilunar

302
Q

Which left sided valve closing produces S1?

A

bicuspid (aka mitral)

303
Q

Which arteries supply the adrenals?

A

superior suprarenal, middle suprarenal and inferior suprarenal

304
Q

Which vein drains blood from the lung parenchyma?

A

bronchial vein drains to the azygos and accessory hemiazygos veins

305
Q

Where is the ascending colon located (right/left)?

A

right side of abdomen

306
Q

Through which opening do pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum?

A

duodenal papilla

307
Q

Name the four borders of the nasal cavity and the bones that make up these borders.

A

root: ethmoid and sphenoid
floor: palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones

medial border: nasal septum

lateral border: turbinates (aka conchae)

308
Q

What is the function of the styloglossus?

A

retracts tongue

309
Q

Which structure covers the lungs?

A

visceral pleura

310
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located relative to the bladder?

A

between fundus of bladder and the rectum

311
Q

What name is given to the double layer peritoneum that envelops the stomach?

A

mesogastrium

312
Q

Where does the majority of the ileum lie?

A

lower right quadrant

313
Q

Name two structures that maintain fecal continence in the ampulla of the rectum.

A

levator ani muscle and anococcygeal ligament

314
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus contain?

A

broad ligament serves as a mesentery for the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes

it helps in maintaining the uterus in its position

315
Q

Is the transverse colon retroperitoneal?

A

no

316
Q

Which artery supplies the ileum?

A

superior mesenteric artery which feeds the vasa recta

317
Q

Draw a schema of the flow of filtrate through the nephron from the glomerulus to the renal pelvis.

A

glomerulus -> Bowman’s capsule -> proximal tubule -> loop of Henle -> distal tubule -> collecting duct -> renal pelvis

318
Q

Name the muscle that lowers the pitch of the voice when lengthened.

A

cricothyroid

319
Q

Which arteries supply the sigmoid colon?

A

left colic artery and superior sigmoidal arteries (from the inferior mesenteric artery)

320
Q

Which arteries supply the thyroid?

A

superior thyroid from external carotid artery and inferior thyroid from the thyrocervical trunk

321
Q

Which nerves carry general sensory information (not taste information) from the tongue?

A

lingual branch of CN V3 innervates the anterior 2/3

lingual branch of CN IX innervates the posterior 1/3

322
Q

Which part of the uterus is a constricted portion found superior to the cervix?

A

isthmus

323
Q

List the three salivary glands. Where are they each located?

A

submandibular (body of mandible)

sublingual (floor of mouth, between mandible and genioglossus muscle)

parotid (between mandibular ramus and styloid process)

324
Q

Which arteries supply the uterus?

A

uterine (from internal iliac) and ovarian (from abdominal) arteries

325
Q

Name the branches of the right coronary artery.

A

SA nodal artery, right marginal branch, AV node branch, posterior interventricular branch

326
Q

Where is the voluntary muscle of the esophagus found? Where is the involuntary?

A

upper 2/3

lower 2/3

middle 1/3 has both voluntary and involuntary muscle

327
Q

What is the effect of the thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles on the vocal chords and the voice?

A

shortens vocal chords, raises pitch of the voice

328
Q

How does lymph drain from the ileum?

A

mesenteric lymph nodes drain to superior mesenteric lymph nodes and the ileocecal lymph nodes

also lacteals in the intestinal vili absorb fat

329
Q

What name is given to the double layered peritoneal sac that covers the testes?

A

tunica vaginalis

330
Q

Are teniae coli present in the appendix? The transverse colon? The rectum?

A

yes - transverse colon

no - appendix, rectum

331
Q

Which chamber forms the apex of the heart?

A

left ventricle

332
Q

List the four lobes of the liver.

A

right, left, quadrate, caudate

333
Q

Where on the tongue are sour and bitter tastes detected?

A

posterior

334
Q

Which arteries supply the descending colon?

A

left colic artery and superior sigmoid arteries (from inferior mesenteric artery)

335
Q

Name the major nerve that supplies the larynx.

A

CN X

336
Q

Are there tonsils in the tongue?

A

yes, lingual follicles are tonsils

337
Q

What two additional superficial features does the left lung have that the right lung does not have?

A

cardiac notch on superior lobe

lingula on inferior lobe

338
Q

How is the skeletal muscle of the external sphincter innervated?

A

pudendal nerve

339
Q

How many lobes per breast?

A

15-25

340
Q

At what level is the pyloric sphincter found?

A

L1

341
Q

How is lymph drained from the various breast areas?

A

lymph nodes drain the areola, nipple and lobules into the subareolar lymphoid plexus.

lateral quadrants drain mostly into the axillary nodes but also supraclavicular, inferior deep cervical, interpectoral

medial quadrants drain into parasternal nodes and the opposite breast

lower quadrants drain into the inferior phrenic (abdominal) nodes

342
Q

Which structures drain the fallopian tubes of blood?

A

tubal veins empty into ovarian veins and the uterine venous plexus

343
Q

Which veins drain the labia majora and minora?

A

internal pudendal veins drain to the internal iliac, which drains to the common iliac vein

344
Q

Name four gross elements of the renal collecting system.

A

papillae, medullary pyramids, renal pelvis, ureter

345
Q

Which artery supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

cricothyroid artery (via the superior thyroid artery)

346
Q

What is another name for secondary bronchi? How many of these are there in each lung?

A

lobar bronchi

2 - left lung

3 - right lung

347
Q

Name the artery responsible for an erection.

A

helicine artery

348
Q

List the layers of digestive tract from inside to out.

A

villi, lamnia propria, muscularis mucosae, submucoas, serosa

349
Q

How is lymph drained from the scrotum?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

350
Q

What are the three main parts of the hypophysis? From which embryonic cells do they each arise?

A

adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) - from ectodermal cells of the roof of the mouth

pars intermedia

posterior pituitary - from ectodermal cells of the brain

351
Q

Where are the renal pyramids? How many pyramids are there in a minor calyx?

A

medulla

12

352
Q

Name the vascular beds in the anus associated with internal hemorrhage.

A

rectal venous plexus

353
Q

Is the transverse colon superior or inferior to the umbilicus in a standing position?

A

superior

354
Q

Which chamber forms the anterior of the heart?

A

right ventricle

355
Q

What are haustra?

A

pouches in the colon

356
Q

Which bones make up the lateral walls of the nose?

A

conchae (aka turbinate bones)

357
Q

Where is the left paracolic gutter found?

A

lateral to descending colon

358
Q

Name the ligament that attaches ovaries to the uterus.

A

ovarian ligament

359
Q

How is lymph drained from the transverse colon?

A

middle colic lymph nodes drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes

360
Q

Name the part of the broad ligament that covers the uterine tubes.

A

mesosalpinx

361
Q

List four intrinsic muscle of the tongue. What are their functions?

A

superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles - all alter the shape of the tongue

362
Q

Which paranasal sinus is innervated by branches of CN V1 and drains into superior and middle meatus?

A

ethmoid sinus

363
Q

Which lung has two lobes?

A

left

364
Q

How are the adrenals innervated?

A

celiac plexus and thoracic splanchnic nerves

chromaffin cells are under sympathetic control

365
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior tongue?

A

deep lingual artery

366
Q

Which is the shortest portion of the small intestine?

A

duodenum

367
Q

What is the name of the vertical groove that separates smooth and rough parts of the wall of the right atrium internally?

A

crista terminalis

368
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles? Name four of them.

A

depress hyoid and larynx

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid

369
Q

Where on the tongue is saltiness detected?

A

lateral margins

370
Q

How are the palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus muscles innervated? What are their fucntions?

A

CN XI

palatopharyngeus depresses soft palate

salpingopharyngeus opens the auditory tube

371
Q

Name the gland whose duct opens at the level of the 2nd maxillary molars.

A

parotid gland

372
Q

Which veins drain blood from the duodenum?

A

duodenal veins

373
Q

Which arteries supply the ejaculatory ducts?

A

deferential arteries (from interior vesical artery, from internal iliac, from common iliac artery)

374
Q

Which structure conducts impulses from the AV node along the left branch?

A

AV bundle

375
Q

Which part of the stomach controls discharge into the duodenum?

A

pyloric antrum/sphincter

376
Q

What name is given to the laterally reflected peritoneum in the rectum? What purpose does it serve?

A

pararectal fossa

permits distension of the full rectum

377
Q

How is lymph drained from the seminal vesicles?

A

internal iliac lymph nodes

378
Q

What muscle forms the scrotal septum?

A

dartos muscle

379
Q

Which artery runs in the coronary groove?

A

left coronary artery

380
Q

Which joints are responsible for changing the length of the vocal folds?

A

cricothyroid joints

381
Q

What part of the stomach surrounds the esophageal junction?

A

cardia of the stomach

382
Q

Name five structures that empty into the coronary sinus.

A

anterior interventricular vein, posterior interventricular vein, left posterior ventricular vein, left marginal vein, small cardiac veins

383
Q

How is lymph drained from the prostate?

A

internal iliac lymph nodes and sacral lymph nodes

384
Q

What is the other name given to the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

adenoid

385
Q

What is the name of the structure that connects the anterior liver to the abdominal wall?

A

falciform ligament

386
Q

What is the homologue of the right middle lobe in the left lobe?

A

lingula

387
Q

Which artery supplies the testes with blood?

A

testicular arteries from the abdominal aorta

388
Q

At what vertebral level is the esophagus found?

A

C6-T10

389
Q

How are the paraurethral glands oriented?

A

2 and 10 o’clock

390
Q

How is lymph drained from the pancreas?

A

pancreatico-splenic lymph nodes drain into celiac, hepatic and superior mesenteric lymph nodes

391
Q

At which costal interspace is the tricuspid valve?

A

4th, 5th intercostal spaces

392
Q

How is lymph drained from the stomach?

A

gastric lymph vessels drain into gastric and gastro-omental (gastro-epiploic) lymph nodes

393
Q

How is lymph drained from the uterus?

A

internal and external iliac lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes, sacral lymph nodes, and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

394
Q

Which chamber forms the base (posterior) of the heart?

A

left atrium

395
Q

Name and locate the four types of lingual papillae.

A

vallate (anterior to terminal sulcus)

foliate (posterior sides)

filliform (throughout)

fungiform (mostly at apex)

396
Q

How are the fallopian tubes innervated?

A

ovarian plexus and uterovaginal plexus

397
Q

What portion of the tooth lies between the crown and the root?

A

neck

398
Q

Which arteries supply the labia majora and minora?

A

internal pudendal (from internal iliac)

external pudendal (from femoral) arteries

399
Q

Which parts of the heart are supplied by the left coronary artery?

A

SA node, left atrium, most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, IV septum

400
Q

Which veins drain the gallbladder?

A

cystic veins, which drain into portal vein and liver

401
Q

Which structure is the remnant of the foramen ovale?

A

fossa ovalis

402
Q

How are the parathyroid glands innervated?

A

thyroid branches of cervical sympathetic ganglia

403
Q

Where specifically is the AV node found?

A

ventricular side of the interatrial septum near the coronary sinus

404
Q

Where does air go in a pneumothorax?

A

in between visceral and parietal pleura

405
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system constricts bronchioles?

A

parasympathetic

406
Q

How are the three salivary glands each innervated?

A

submandibular (CN VIII)

sublingual (CN VII)

parotid (CN IX)

407
Q

Which vessel supplies the liver with blood?

A

hepatic artery (from celiac trunk)

408
Q

What structures make up the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

diaphragmatic muscles

409
Q

How is lymph drained from the larynx?

A

laryngeal lymph nodes superior to vocal folds drain into superior deep cervical lymph nodes

inferior to vocal folds - pretracheal or paratraceal lymph nodes

410
Q

Which arteries supply the bladder?

A

common and internal iliac arteries

411
Q

Where in the laryngopharynx are recurrent laryngeal nerves found?

A

deep to piriform recess (a mucosal lined depression located on the side of the inlet of the larynx)

412
Q

Which nerve provides the stomach with parasympathetic innervation?

A

CN X

413
Q

Name the vessel that carries blood from lung tissue to the azygos veins.

A

bronchial vein

414
Q

What name is given to the transverse fissure on the visceral surface of the liver between the caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

porta hepatis

415
Q

Which of the muscles of the tongue is innervated by CN X?

A

palatoglossus

416
Q

How does lymph drain from the jejunum?

A

mesenteric lymph nodes drain to superior mesenteric lymph nodes

also lacteals in the intestinal villi absorb fat

417
Q

How is the ascending colon innervated?

A

by superior mesenteric plexus

sympathetic - lower thoracic spinal cord

parasympathetic - vagal nerve

418
Q

How is the appendix innervated?

A

by superior mesenteric plexus

sympathetic - lower thoracic spinal cord

parasympathetic - vagal nerve

419
Q

Where in the right atrium is the sinoatrial node found?

A

superior end of crista terminalis

420
Q

Which arteries supply the rectum?

A

proximal - superior rectal artery

middle and inferior - middle rectal arteries

anorectal junction and anal canal - inferior rectal arteries

421
Q

Which left sided valve closing contributes to S2?

A

aortic valve

422
Q

Name the female structure homologous to the prostate gland.

A

paraurethral glands

423
Q

Which vein drains the adrenals?

A

suprarenal veins drains to renal vein

424
Q

How long is the adult anal canal?

A

3-5 cm

425
Q

What portion of the tooth is buried in the alveolar processes of the maxillae or mandible?

A

root

426
Q

Which vein drains the entire pancreas?

A

pancreatic vein

427
Q

Name the muscles that raise and tighten the soft palate.

A

levator and tensor palati

428
Q

Is the ascending colon retroperitoneal?

A

yes

429
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the bladder?

A

relax detrusor, close internal sphincter

430
Q

How is lymph drained from the ejaculatory ducts?

A

external iliac lymph nodes

431
Q

Which is the only valve of the heart with two cusps?

A

mitral valve

432
Q

Which artery supplies the sublingual gland and the floor of the mouth?

A

sublingual branch of the facial artery

433
Q

Which vein drains blood from the appendix?

A

ileocolic vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein

434
Q

List the hepatic triad.

A

hepatic artery, portal vein, bile canaliculi

435
Q

Which arteries supply the scrotum?

A

external pudendal (from femoral artery) and internal pudendal (from internal iliac artery)

436
Q

Which gland is contained in the anterior mediastinum?

A

thymus gland

437
Q

Name the five muscles of the soft palate.

A

levator veli palantini, tensor vali palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae

438
Q

How is lymph drained from the lung?

A

superficial lymphatic plexus drains parenchyma and visceral pleura into the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

deep lymphatic plexus drains root structures into the pulmonary lymph nodes

439
Q

In which lung is a foreign object more likely to be found?

A

right lung

440
Q

Which structure separates right and left ventricles?

A

interventricular septum

441
Q

Which veins drain the bladder?

A

common and internal iliac arteries

442
Q

Which portion of the penis fills with blood during an erection?

A

corpus cavernosus

443
Q

What structure, a remnant of the obliterated ductus venosus, separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver?

A

ligamentum venosum

444
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is the working cartilage?

A

arytenoid

445
Q

How is lymph drained from the appendix?

A

via ileocolic lymph nodes

446
Q

What type of muscle fiber makes up the dartos muscle of the scrotum?

A

smooth

447
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossus?

A

depresses tongue

448
Q

Which part of the uterus forms the upper 2/3 and lies on top of the urinary bladder?

A

body

449
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the tongue with blood? What larger artery is it a branch of?

A

lingual artery, branch of carotid artery

450
Q

How are the ovaries innervated?

A

ovarian plexus to uterine plexus

parasympathetic - vagus nerve

451
Q

List the veins that drain the stomach.

A

left/right gastric, left/right gastro-omental (epiploic)

452
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles? Name four of them.

A

assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the pharynx during swallowing

mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid, stylohyoid muscles

453
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

lower neck, in the superior mediastinum anterior to the heart

454
Q

How is lymph removed from the bladder?

A

lumbar lymph nodes, common, internal and external iliac lymph nodes

455
Q

How is the prostate innervated?

A

sympathetic - inferior hypogastric plexus

parasympathetic - pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

456
Q

Where specifically in the nephron is the macula densa?

A

in the distal convoluted tubule, next to afferent arteriole

457
Q

Which vein drains blood from the testes?

A

testicular veins form the pampiniform plexus

458
Q

What name is given to the line where the palatine bones fuse?

A

midline palatine raphae

459
Q

Which nodes remove lymph from the kidney?

A

lumbar and iliac lymph nodes

460
Q

How is the vagina innervated?

A

uterovaginal plexus

sympathetic - lumbar splanchnic nerves

parasympathetic - pelvic splanchnic nerves

461
Q

What structure separates the quadrate lobe from the left lobe of the liver?

A

ligamentum teres (aka round ligament)

462
Q

What are the borders of the laryngopharynx?

A

epiglottis and pharyngoepiglottic folds superiorly

middle and inferior constrictor muscles laterally

463
Q

Which teeth are also known as the primary or milk teeth? How many incisors, canines, and premolars (aka bicuspids) are there?

A

deciduous teeth

20 (8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars)

464
Q

Name the three cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

A

macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, juxtaglomerular cells

465
Q

List three internal pharyngeal muscles.

A

palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

466
Q

What is another name for tertiary bronchi?

A

segmental bronchi

467
Q

Name three lymph nodes that drain the thymus.

A

parasternal, brachiocephalic, and tracheobrachial lymph nodes

468
Q

Name the erectile tissue of which the crus penis is part.

A

corpus cavernosum

469
Q

Which artery supplies the jejunum?

A

superior mesenteric artery which feeds the vasa recta

470
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the esophagus?

A

inferior thyroid artery supplies the upper esophagus

left gastric and left inferior phrenic artery supply the lower esophagus

471
Q

What muscles of the oropharynx assist in swallowing by helping the epiglottis to move food into the esophagus?

A

superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles

472
Q

Which veins drain the rectum?

A

superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins

also submucosal rectal venous plexus

473
Q

Which structure drains blood from the uterus?

A

uterine venous plexus

474
Q

Which is inferior: right or left kidney?

A

right kidney

475
Q

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

right/left gastric arteries

476
Q

Which right sided valve closing produces S1?

A

tricuspid

477
Q

How many minor calices are there in a major calix?

A

7-13

478
Q

What name is given to the midline of the scrotum? What is its significance?

A

scrotal raphe

indicates bilateral embryonic origin

479
Q

List the four air passages of the nasal cavity.

A

sphenoethmoidal recess, superior, middle, and inferior meatus

480
Q

What part of the stomach forms a dome on the superior aspect of the stomach?

A

fundus

481
Q

Which arteries supply the thymus?

A

anterior intercostal and mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic arteries

482
Q

Which arteries supply the ovaries with blood?

A

ovarian arteries from the abdominal aorta

483
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

484
Q

Which artery supplies the gallbladder?

A

cystic artery (from right hepatic artery)

485
Q

Name the three muscular layers of the stomach from innermost to outermost.

A

oblique, circular, longitudinal

486
Q

Which part of the broad ligament forms the mesentery of the uterus and is found between the uterus and the pelvic wall?

A

mesometrium

487
Q

Name the portions of the colon that are retroperitoneal.

A

ascending and descending colon

488
Q

Name two structures under which ureters pass.

A

uterine artery and ductus deferens

489
Q

Which rib bisects the kidney?

A

rib 12

NPLEX - Anatomy (10 decks)

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