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NPLEX - Anatomy > Regional Anatomy > Flashcards

Regional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae separates the superior from the inferior mediastinum?

A

T4-T5 (or at sternal angle)

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2
Q

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist?

A

median nerve

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3
Q

Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

2nd, 3rd, 4th parts

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior mediastinum?

A

from the superior thoracic aperture to an imaginary line at T4-T5

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5
Q

List four nerves/plexi that are present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

A

CN XI, branches of cervical plexus, roots and trunks of brachial plexus, phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

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6
Q

Name the nerve the pass through the Hunter’s canal.

A

saphenous nerve

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7
Q

Name the structure in males, located in the inguinal canal that travels from the pelvic cavity to the scrotum.

A

spermatic cord

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8
Q

Name three muscles that form the suboccipital triangle.

A

oblique capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior and rectus capitis posterior major muscles

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9
Q

What structures make up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeuroses of the external oblique and internal oblique muscles

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10
Q

Where is McBurney’s point?

A

site of appendix: 2/3 of the way from umbilicus to ASIS

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11
Q

List four contents of the superior mediastinum.

A

aortic arch, brachiocephalic veins, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve

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12
Q

What is the name of the diamond-shaped space located posterior to the knee?

A

popliteal fossa

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13
Q

Name the canal that is located in the middle 1/3 of the thigh between the adductor muscles and vastus medialis?

A

Hunter’s canal

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14
Q

What do you call the entrance of abdominal contents through the femoral canal?

A

femoral hernia

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15
Q

The floor of the femoral triangle is formed by which two muscles laterally and medially?

A

iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

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16
Q

Is the lesser pelvis (pelvis minor) located superiorly or inferiorly to the brim?

A

inferiorly

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17
Q

Is the greater pelvis (pelvis major) located superiorly or inferiorly to the brim?

A

superiorly

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18
Q

The pericardial sac is continuous with which subdivision of the mediastinum?

A

middle mediastinum (subdivision of the inferior mediastinum)

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19
Q

What structures make up the inferior wall (floor) of the inguinal canal?

A

inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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20
Q

What structures make up the superior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

arching fibers of the internal oblique and transverse muscles

21
Q

Where does a femoral hernia protrude to?

A

inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle

22
Q

What does the femoral sheath contain?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal (containing deep inguinal lymph node)

23
Q

Branches of which nerve are distributed within the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve

24
Q

From where does a direct hernia protrude?

A

from the inguinal (hesselbachs) triangle - bulges directly through the abdominal wall medial to the inferior epigastric artery

25
Q

What does an indirect hernia go through?

A

the internal (deep) inguinal ring and external (superficial) inguinal ring and into the scrotum

26
Q

Which parts of colon are retroperitoneal?

A

descending and ascending colon

27
Q

Does the femoral nerve lie within the femoral sheath?

A

no

28
Q

List four vessels that are present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

A

subclavian artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, terminal part of external external jugular vein

29
Q

Which structures make up Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

inferior epigastric artery, lateral border of rectus abdominus, and inguinal ligament

30
Q

What structures make up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of the transverse abdominal muscle and transversalis fascia

31
Q

Describe the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck.

A

apex: union of the SCM and the trapezius muscles at the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
anteriorly: posterior border of the SCM
base: distal 1/3 of clavicle
posteriorly: anterior border of the trapezius

32
Q

Name three structures that are contained within the posterior subdivision of the inferior mediastinum.

A

esophagus, descending aorta, thoracic duct

33
Q

List five contents of the posterior mediastinum.

A

esophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

34
Q

What does the inguinal canal transmit?

A

spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

35
Q

Name the fossa located anteriorly, at the distal end of the humerus.

A

cubital fossa

36
Q

What does the femoral triangle contain?

A

femoral vein, artery, and nerve

37
Q

Where does the inguinal canal start and end?

A

begins at the deep inguinal ring and terminates at the superficial ring

38
Q

What is the name of the fossa that is bound superiorly by the supracondylar lines of the femur?

A

popliteal fossa

39
Q

The tibial nerve, popliteal artery/vein and some adipose are located within which triangular formation?

A

popliteal fossa

40
Q

What is the name of the condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

41
Q

List six muscles present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

A

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene, levator scapulae, splenius muscle

42
Q

Which inguinal ring does an abdominal hernia go through?

A

external inguinal ring only

43
Q

Name the three structures that form the anterior triangle of the neck.

A

mandible, anterior border of SCM, anterior midline of the neck

44
Q

List two lymph nodes present in the posterior triangle of the neck.

A

occipital and supraclavicular

45
Q

On which side of the inferior epigastric artery does the indirect hernia enter the internal inguinal ring?

A

lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

46
Q

Name the hollow concave formation that is located on the radial side of the wrist that is clearly demarcated when the thumb is fully extended.

A

anatomical snuffbox

47
Q

List the contents of the middle mediastinum.

A

heart, pericardium

48
Q

Name the nine regions of the abdomen.

A

right and left hypochondrium, right and left flank, right and left groin (inguinal), epigastric, umbilical, and pubic region

NPLEX - Anatomy (10 decks)

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