Anatomy of sense organs Flashcards
What frequency does base of cochlea pick up?
high frequency sounds
The only cells that leave the retina to form the optic nerve are?
ganglion cells
Name the cells whose axons from the olfactory bulb in the olfactory tract.
mitral cells
Name the two structures that are contained in the vestibule.
utricle, saccule
What are the three layers of the orbits and what contents do they include?
fibrous layer (sclera, cornea), vascular layer (choroid, ciliary body, iris), retina
Name the structure that separates the external acoustic meatus from the tympanic cavity of the middle ear, and is responsible for the transmission of vibrations to the ossicles.
tympanic membrane
The orientation of the semicircular canals within the inner ear are in what three directions?
anterior, posterior, and lateral directions
What is the role of the perilymph and the endolymph with the membranous labyrinth?
carry sound waves
Name the two types of papillae that have very few taste buds and are smaller than vallate papillae. These structures are found on the tip and sides of the tongue.
fungiform (mushroom-like) papillae and foliate papillae
Name the nerve that enters the internal acoustic meatus and separates into two other branches?
CN VIII
Which cells serve as connections between the rods and cones from differing areas of the retina?
horizontal cells
What is the name of the structure that is insensitive to light and contains no photoreceptors. It is located in a depressed region in the fundus of the eye.
optic disk
Within the macula lutea is a depression where visual acuity is the highest. Name this structure.
fovea
Name the structures that are modified epithelial cells and are located on top of the papillae of the tongue.
taste buds
What two types of lymph fluid are found within the membranous labyrinth?
endolymph, perilymph
What is the name of the opaque covering that posteriorly covers 5/6ths of the eyeball and anteriorly covers 1/6th?
sclera
Name the cranial nerve that is the chief motor nerve for the four extraocular muscles of the upper eyelid.
CN III
The cochlea contains which organ for hearing?
organ of corti
Which structures transmit vibrations to the oval window?
ossicles
What is the function of the ciliary body of the eye?
connect the choroid with the circumference of the iris
The detection of luminance is the function of which cells?
bipolar cells
What part of the cochlea picks up low frequency sound?
the apex
The peripheral processes of the vestibular fibers from CN VIII go to which three structures?
utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts
What are the utricle and saccule responsible for?
balance
Name the six main types of cells located in the retina.
rods, cones, bipolar, horizontal, amarcrine, ganglion
Name the brown membrane between the retina and sclera.
choroid
Name the structure that connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx and is responsible for equalizing changes in atmospheric pressure.
eustachian tube
The peripheral processes of the cochlear fibers of CN VIII go to which structure?
organ of corti
What is the differences between aqueous humor and vitreous humor regarding location and function?
aqueous humor (located in the anterior, posterior chamber produced by ciliary processes; provides the lens and cornea with nutrients)
vitreous humor (inside the vitreous body located posterior to the lens; aids in the transmission of light, supports lens, stabilizes the retina in place)
Is anosmia associated with an ipsilateral or a contralateral lesion?
ipsilateral
The olfactory receptors are which type of receptor?
chemoreceptors
Name the three chambers of the eye and the structures in the eye that form the borders of these chambers.
anterior chamber (between iris, cornea), posterior chamber (between lens, iris), vitreous body (posterior to lens)
What is the name of the transparent structure covering the anterior 1/6th of the eyeball?
cornea
Name the muscles located in the ciliary body that changes the shape of the lens.
ciliary muscles
What structure within the macula can perceive the highest level of visual acuity?
fovea
Is the lens located anterior or posterior to the vitreous humor of the vitreous body?
anterior
What are the four basic taste sensations? Name the corresponding area of the tongue for these taste sensations.
salty (lateral tongue), sweet (tip of tongue), sour and bitter (posterior tongue)
Within the retina, which cells have no axons with short branching dendrites?
amacrine cells
What is the other name for the vestibule of the inner ear?
bony labyrinth
The fibrocartilagenous extension of the head and the external acoustic meatus constitute which structure?
auricle
What is the other name for the Eustachian tube?
pharyngotympanic tube
Are the bipolar neurons whose central process form the olfactory nerve myelinated or unmyelinated?
unmyelinated
Due to the xanthophyll pigment this structure is also called the yellow spot. What is the name of this structure and where is it located?
macula lutea
located temporal and inferior to the optic disc and contains cones for visual acuity
The membranous labyrinth contains endolymph. It is suspended within the bony labyrinth by which other type of lymph fluid?
perilymph
Name the cells that detect color and are primarily used for daytime vision.
cones
Name the structure that is involved in the refraction of light and gets its nourishment from the aqueous humor, atmospheric oxygen and tears?
cornea
Name the passage leading inward through the tympanic portion of the temporal bone that goes from the auricle to the tympanic membrane.
external acoustic meatus
The optic nerve is formed by the axons of which type of ganglion cells?
retinal ganglion cells
Which structure anchors the lens to the ciliary body and helps the lens to focus?
suspensory ligament
Name the three ossicles.
malleus, incus, stapes
Besides vallate papillae, name the other three papillae found on the tongue.
fungiform, foliate, filiform papillae
Name the components of bony labyrinth.
cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
Which cells within the retina are dependent on vitamin A and are primarily used for night vision?
rods
Approximately 3 mm medial to the fovea is a structure where the axons of ganglionic cells converge to form the optic nerve. What is the name of this structure?
optic disk
