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NPLEX - Anatomy > Anatomy of sense organs > Flashcards

Anatomy of sense organs Flashcards

1
Q

What frequency does base of cochlea pick up?

A

high frequency sounds

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2
Q

The only cells that leave the retina to form the optic nerve are?

A

ganglion cells

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3
Q

Name the cells whose axons from the olfactory bulb in the olfactory tract.

A

mitral cells

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4
Q

Name the two structures that are contained in the vestibule.

A

utricle, saccule

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5
Q

What are the three layers of the orbits and what contents do they include?

A

fibrous layer (sclera, cornea), vascular layer (choroid, ciliary body, iris), retina

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6
Q

Name the structure that separates the external acoustic meatus from the tympanic cavity of the middle ear, and is responsible for the transmission of vibrations to the ossicles.

A

tympanic membrane

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7
Q

The orientation of the semicircular canals within the inner ear are in what three directions?

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral directions

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8
Q

What is the role of the perilymph and the endolymph with the membranous labyrinth?

A

carry sound waves

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9
Q

Name the two types of papillae that have very few taste buds and are smaller than vallate papillae. These structures are found on the tip and sides of the tongue.

A

fungiform (mushroom-like) papillae and foliate papillae

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10
Q

Name the nerve that enters the internal acoustic meatus and separates into two other branches?

A

CN VIII

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11
Q

Which cells serve as connections between the rods and cones from differing areas of the retina?

A

horizontal cells

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12
Q

What is the name of the structure that is insensitive to light and contains no photoreceptors. It is located in a depressed region in the fundus of the eye.

A

optic disk

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13
Q

Within the macula lutea is a depression where visual acuity is the highest. Name this structure.

A

fovea

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14
Q

Name the structures that are modified epithelial cells and are located on top of the papillae of the tongue.

A

taste buds

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15
Q

What two types of lymph fluid are found within the membranous labyrinth?

A

endolymph, perilymph

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16
Q

What is the name of the opaque covering that posteriorly covers 5/6ths of the eyeball and anteriorly covers 1/6th?

A

sclera

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17
Q

Name the cranial nerve that is the chief motor nerve for the four extraocular muscles of the upper eyelid.

A

CN III

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18
Q

The cochlea contains which organ for hearing?

A

organ of corti

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19
Q

Which structures transmit vibrations to the oval window?

A

ossicles

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20
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body of the eye?

A

connect the choroid with the circumference of the iris

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21
Q

The detection of luminance is the function of which cells?

A

bipolar cells

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22
Q

What part of the cochlea picks up low frequency sound?

A

the apex

23
Q

The peripheral processes of the vestibular fibers from CN VIII go to which three structures?

A

utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts

24
Q

What are the utricle and saccule responsible for?

A

balance

25
Q

Name the six main types of cells located in the retina.

A

rods, cones, bipolar, horizontal, amarcrine, ganglion

26
Q

Name the brown membrane between the retina and sclera.

A

choroid

27
Q

Name the structure that connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx and is responsible for equalizing changes in atmospheric pressure.

A

eustachian tube

28
Q

The peripheral processes of the cochlear fibers of CN VIII go to which structure?

A

organ of corti

29
Q

What is the differences between aqueous humor and vitreous humor regarding location and function?

A

aqueous humor (located in the anterior, posterior chamber produced by ciliary processes; provides the lens and cornea with nutrients)

vitreous humor (inside the vitreous body located posterior to the lens; aids in the transmission of light, supports lens, stabilizes the retina in place)

30
Q

Is anosmia associated with an ipsilateral or a contralateral lesion?

A

ipsilateral

31
Q

The olfactory receptors are which type of receptor?

A

chemoreceptors

32
Q

Name the three chambers of the eye and the structures in the eye that form the borders of these chambers.

A

anterior chamber (between iris, cornea), posterior chamber (between lens, iris), vitreous body (posterior to lens)

33
Q

What is the name of the transparent structure covering the anterior 1/6th of the eyeball?

A

cornea

34
Q

Name the muscles located in the ciliary body that changes the shape of the lens.

A

ciliary muscles

35
Q

What structure within the macula can perceive the highest level of visual acuity?

A

fovea

36
Q

Is the lens located anterior or posterior to the vitreous humor of the vitreous body?

A

anterior

37
Q

What are the four basic taste sensations? Name the corresponding area of the tongue for these taste sensations.

A

salty (lateral tongue), sweet (tip of tongue), sour and bitter (posterior tongue)

38
Q

Within the retina, which cells have no axons with short branching dendrites?

A

amacrine cells

39
Q

What is the other name for the vestibule of the inner ear?

A

bony labyrinth

40
Q

The fibrocartilagenous extension of the head and the external acoustic meatus constitute which structure?

A

auricle

41
Q

What is the other name for the Eustachian tube?

A

pharyngotympanic tube

42
Q

Are the bipolar neurons whose central process form the olfactory nerve myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

43
Q

Due to the xanthophyll pigment this structure is also called the yellow spot. What is the name of this structure and where is it located?

A

macula lutea

located temporal and inferior to the optic disc and contains cones for visual acuity

44
Q

The membranous labyrinth contains endolymph. It is suspended within the bony labyrinth by which other type of lymph fluid?

A

perilymph

45
Q

Name the cells that detect color and are primarily used for daytime vision.

A

cones

46
Q

Name the structure that is involved in the refraction of light and gets its nourishment from the aqueous humor, atmospheric oxygen and tears?

A

cornea

47
Q

Name the passage leading inward through the tympanic portion of the temporal bone that goes from the auricle to the tympanic membrane.

A

external acoustic meatus

48
Q

The optic nerve is formed by the axons of which type of ganglion cells?

A

retinal ganglion cells

49
Q

Which structure anchors the lens to the ciliary body and helps the lens to focus?

A

suspensory ligament

50
Q

Name the three ossicles.

A

malleus, incus, stapes

51
Q

Besides vallate papillae, name the other three papillae found on the tongue.

A

fungiform, foliate, filiform papillae

52
Q

Name the components of bony labyrinth.

A

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

53
Q

Which cells within the retina are dependent on vitamin A and are primarily used for night vision?

A

rods

54
Q

Approximately 3 mm medial to the fovea is a structure where the axons of ganglionic cells converge to form the optic nerve. What is the name of this structure?

A

optic disk

NPLEX - Anatomy (10 decks)

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