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Parasitology Exam 2 > Spirurids > Flashcards

Spirurids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the filarial worms?

A

Tissue parasites transmitted from blood sucking insects

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2
Q

What do adult female filarial worms produce?

A

Microfilaria

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3
Q

What are the Genus of filarial worms we are concerned with?

A

Stephanofilaria
Acanthocheilonema
Oncocerca
Setaria

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4
Q

_____ is a filarial worm that is found mainly in the E/S/SE US

A

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

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5
Q

Acanthocheilonema reconditum must be differentiated from what when looking at microfilaria?

A

D. immitus (heartworm)

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6
Q

Acanthocheilonema reconditum uses what for an IH?

A

lice or flea

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7
Q

What is the lifecycle of Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

A

Adults are in SubQ tissues; release mff.
Mff are picked up by lice/flea and develop into L3 in lice/flea
deposited when eating

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8
Q

What is the infective stage of Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

A

L3

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9
Q

What is the filarial worm that is in the abdomen/peritoneum?

A

Setaria species

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10
Q

_____ is the IH of Seratia

A

mosquitos

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11
Q

What is the life cycle of Seratia?

A

Adults are in the peritoneal cavity producing mff.
Mff taken up by mosquitos and develops into L3.
L3 deposited at new host when mosquito feeds

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12
Q

_____ is an umbilical worm that is most common in cattle

A

Stefanofilaria stilesi

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13
Q

What is the vector of Stefanofilaria stilesi?

A

Horn fly

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14
Q

The adults of Stefanofilaria stilesi are where?

A

dermal lymphatics of ventral abdomen (Contribute to signs)

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15
Q

What is the classic sign caused by Stefanofilaria stilesi?

A

Focal dermatitis on the ventral midline around the umbilicus

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16
Q

What are the lesions of Stefanofilaria stelsi caused by?

A

Mff production; feeding habits of the vector

See alopecia, skin thickening, and serum exudate

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17
Q

What is the diagnosis for Stefanofilaria stelsi? Tx?

A

Lesion location during fly season/skin scrapings

No treatment approved; Ivermectin for mff

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18
Q

_____ is the parasite that is often seen embedded into ligaments or connective tissue

A

Onchocerca spp.

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19
Q

What is the name of the parasite that embeds itself into the horse’s nuchal ligament?

A

Onchocerca cervicalis

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20
Q

What is the name of the parasite that embeds itself into the nuchal ligament of ruminants?

A

Onchocerca gutterosa

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21
Q

Females in the Onchocerca classification produce _____. The Infectious stage is _____ that develops in the IH of ____

A

Microfilaria
L3
Biting midges or black flies

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22
Q

The microfilaria of Onchocerca accumulates where?

A

Ventral abdomen in the dermis

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23
Q

What clinical signs do Onchocerca adults cause?

A

NONE; asymptomatic

Dermatitis is associated with the mff. These can cause alopecia, pruritis, and eye lesions

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24
Q

Treatment/prevention of Onchocerca is best accomplished via….

A

Ivermectin to treat mff

Insect control for prevention

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25
Q

_____ is the Spirurid eye worm

A

Thelazia spp.

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26
Q

_____ is the Spirurid that is the eye worm of horses 1-3 years of age

A

Thelazia lacrymalis

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27
Q

Where are Thelazia adults located?

A

Conjunctival sacs/lacrimal ducts of host eye

28
Q

Thelazia females produce eggs with _____. The egg is taken up by ____ on eye secretions where it develops into an infections ______

A

L1
Flies feeding
L3

29
Q

How does Thelazia spread?

A

Fly deposits the infective L3 when it is feeding on new host

30
Q

Thelazia clinical signs include

A

increased lacrimation, conjunctivitis, plugged lacrimal ducts

31
Q

Thelazia diagnosis should include_____. When diagnosed treatment should be:

A

inspecting the eye for worms, esp the ventral surface of 3rd eyelid.
Removal of eye worms.
Cattle receive doramectin
Dogs: ivermectin

32
Q

What is a Spirurid worm that can be found in the esophagus of dogs?

A

Spirocerca lupi

33
Q

Spirocerca lupi definitive host is____. It is common where?

A

Dogs

Tropics/subtropics

34
Q

Female Spirocirca lupi produce ___ which is shed in teh feces. It is then ingested by ______ where it develops into the infectious _____.

A

L1
coprophagious beetle (dung beetle)
L3

35
Q

How is Spirocirca lupi acquired?

A

Intermediate host of dung beetles
Paratenic host of mice, chicken, lizard
Ingest the infective L3

36
Q

Where do adult Spirocirca lupi reside?

A

Fibrous nodules in the esophagus/stomach

37
Q

What is the main concern with Spirocirca lupi?

A

Anuerism in the thoracic aorta, this can rupture and cause sudden death

38
Q

How would you detect Spirocirca lupi?

A

See L1 in fresh feces via fecal float/sedementation; will resemble a PAPERCLIP

39
Q

T/F: The esophageal nodules caused by Spirocirca lupi can metastasize

A

TRUE; they can go to the lungs

40
Q

What would a proper Tx for Spirocirca lupi be?

A

Doramectin; Moxidectin can be used as a preventative

41
Q

You come across a parasite with a very pronounced collar around the cuticle. You determine it to be a Spirurid. What is the name? Where do the adults reside?

A

Physaloptera species

Stomach of the definitive host, which are carnivores

42
Q

What would be two distinct features of Physaloptera rara?

A

Cuticle on the collar

2 very distinct caudal alae

43
Q

Physaloptera adults are in the ____. Females lay eggs with ____. It is ingested by a _____ which is the IH. It then becomes the infective stage ______.

A

Stomach
L1
Coprhagious beetle
L3

44
Q

T/F Physaloptera is also spread via paratenic hosts

A

TRUE; snakes are a major paratenic host for carnivores

45
Q

Physaloptera signs include….

A

None, genearlly asymptomatic

46
Q

Diagnosis and Tx of Physaloptera includes:

A

Fecal detection of Physaloptera L1

Tx: is manual removal and treatment with anthelmenthics

47
Q

Spirurids that are classified as swine stomach worms include…

A

Physocephalus

Ascarops

48
Q

Physocephalus and Ascarops are most common where?

A

Pretty much worldwide. Not uncommon in the MW, more common in the Southern and Western US

49
Q

What is the definitive host of Physocephalus? Ascarops? Where do the adults reside in each?

A

Swine for both

Stomach for both

50
Q

What is the IH for Physocephalus and Ascarops? What is the infective stage? What stage would be seen in fresh feces?

A

Coprophagious beetle (dung beetle)
Infective stage is L3
Egg WITH L1

51
Q

What are signs for Physocephalus and Ascarops? What would be a good treatment?

A

Mild catarrhal gastritis

Ivermectin

52
Q

Habronematida can best be described as…

A

Spirurid equine stomach worm

53
Q

The Habronematida family includes these three parasites:

A

Habronema muscae
Habronema microstoma
Drashia megastoma

54
Q

Where to Habronematida worms usually reside?

A

NEar the margo plicatus

55
Q

The intermediate host for Habronema muscae and Draschia megastoma is _____ while it is ______ for Habronema microstoma

A

Common housefly
Stable fly

The larvae for these are actually the IH

56
Q

T/F You can see either eggs or L1 from Habronematida in the feces

A

TRUE

57
Q

Fly larvae ingest the L1 of Habronematida. It then becomes the infectious _____ in the fly. If it is deposited on the _____ of the horse its life cycle will complete; if not its a dead end

A

L3

Muzzle

58
Q

An obvious sign of Habronematida is _________ that results from L3 being deposited on surfaces other than the muzzle

A

summer sores; these heal spontaneously after freezing

59
Q

T/F Both Habronema and Draschia cause stomach nodules

A

FALSE; Only Draschia megastoma causes stomach nodules. The two Habronema do not

60
Q

Diagnosis/Tx of Habronematida

A

Possibly find eggs in the feces

Control the flies and do periodic worming

61
Q

This worm’s definitive hosts are the raccoon and/or mink and is known as the guinea worm or firey serpant

A

Drancunculus insignis

62
Q

T/F Drancunculus insignis is a zoonotic threat

A

FALSE

63
Q

Drancunculus has IH and Paratenic hosts. IH are _____ while PH are ____

A

Arthropod (copepod)

Frogs/fish

64
Q

When the _____ of Drancunculus insignis is consumed by the definitive host it migrates to _______.

A

L3

Subcutaneous tissues

65
Q

Females of Drancunculus are on the _______ of the definitive host and secrete a produce that produces a prominent ________.

A

Lower part of the leg

Blister

66
Q

When the blister of Drancunculus insignis comes into contact with ____ it ruputres and releases _____

A

Water

L1; this can then be consumed by the Intermediate host restarting the life cycle

67
Q

Drancunculus insiginis is best treated by…..

A

Manually removing the worms

Parasitology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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