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Parasitology Exam 2 > Rhabditids > Flashcards

Rhabditids Flashcards

1
Q

Free living nematodes with a direct life cycle

A

Rhabditids

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2
Q

What is a unique structure of Rhabditids

A

Rhabditiform esophagus

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3
Q

T/F Rhabditids can be faculatative parasites

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What are three main Rhabditids we are concerned about?

A

Rhabditis strongyloides
Halicephalobus gingivalis
Strongyloides spp.

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5
Q

Rhabditis strongyloides is a _______ that is normally free living in decaying organic matter

A

facultative parasite

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6
Q

Rhabditis strongyloides is commonly associated with ______

A

Wet/damp bedding

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7
Q

Rhabditis strongyloides life cycle is completed in the skin. T/F?

A

FALSE; life cycle of Rhabditis strongyloides is NOT completed in the skin; can cause a dermatitis

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8
Q

What are some signs/lesions associated with Rhabditis strongyloides?

A

Alopecia and pruritis

Contained to areas that are in contact with the bedding

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9
Q

Best way to treat Rhabditis strongyloides?

A

Ivermectin and antibiotics

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10
Q

Halicephalobus gingivalis is a _________ nematode

A

free living

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11
Q

What is the route of infection for Halicephalobus gingivalis?

A

Unknown; could be ingestion or inhalation

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12
Q

Where are adults of Halicephalobus gingivalis located?

A

Variable; CNS, kidney, maxilla. Causes a granulomatous inflammation

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13
Q

Where would you look to diagnose Halicephalobus gingivalis?

A

Either in the semen or urine

Can identify the rhabditiform esophagus

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14
Q

Treatment of Halicephalobus gingivalis?

A

Resect the infected tissue; anthelmenthics have a low success rate

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15
Q

Strongyloides live in the _____ and have both _____ and ______ generations.

A

Intestine
Free-living
Parasitic

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16
Q

T/F The parasitic form of Strongyloides has both male and female worms

A

FALSE; there are only females in the parasitic form of Strongyloides. They reproduce asexually

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17
Q

Strongyloides eggs are shed in the _____ and contain an _____

A

Feces

L1

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18
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis is different than the other Strongyloides. Why?

A

When it lays its egg in the intestine it can hatch; can see the egg OR the L1 in the feces

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19
Q

Strongyloides spp have a _______ esophagus

A

Filariform

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20
Q

Describe the life cycle of a parasitic generation of Strongyloides

A

Adult females repro asexually and produce eggs with L1 that are shed in the feces.
L1 can develop into an infective filariform L3 or a free living rhabditiform.

21
Q

The infective stage of a parasitic generation of Strongyloides is ______

A

Filariform free living L3; this is a parasitic adult female

22
Q

Describe the free living generation of Strongyloides

A

The rhabditiform males and females reproduce and produce a rhabditiform L1 which becomes an infective filariform L3

23
Q

Strongyloides infects the host via…..

A

Skin penetration of L3 in the environment

Ingestion of L3

24
Q

Describe the pathway the Strongyloides L3 takes

A

It is carried to the lungs via the blood

Coughed up and swallowed

25
Q

Strongyloides adults are seen in the ______

A

Small intestine

26
Q

Strongyloides infections are most commonly seen in _______ and ________

A 
Young animals (via transmammary)
Immunocompromised adults
27
Q

T/F Strongyloides infections are often severe

A

FALSE; they are often asymptomatic
Depends on the host age and worm load
Adults in SI can cause anorexia, weight loss, etc.

28
Q

What are the species of Strongyloides of concern? Where are they located and what are the hosts

A 
Strongyloides westeri: SI; Horse
Strongyloides ransomni: SI; Pigs
Strongyloides papillosus: SI; Rmnts 
Strongyloides stercoralis: SI; Primates/dogs 
Strongylodes tumefaciens: LI; cats
29
Q

Strongyloides westeri is commonly transmitted in _____ via _____ transmission

A

Horses
Lactogenic
Most foals self cure themselves in 6 months

30
Q

What is the best way to diagnosis/treat/prevent Strongyloides westeri?

A

1: Fecal float; detect eggs with L1
2: Benzimidazoles
3: Sanitation and treat mares

31
Q

Strongyloides ransomi is seen in ______ and is most common in the ______ United States

A

Pigs

Souther

32
Q

If you did a fecal float on a pig infected with Strongyloides ransomi you would see what?

A

Egg with an L1 in it; have to be less than 2-3 weeks old

33
Q

How would you prevent Strongyloides westeri?

A

Sanitation; reduce fecal build up to reduce # of L3s

34
Q

Strongyloides papillosus is seen in all _______ but is more common in ________

A

Ruminants

Sheep

35
Q

What treatment would you prescribe for Strongyloides papillosus?

A

None, treatment is unneeded

36
Q

Strongyloides _________ commonly infects dogs/primates

A

stercoralis

37
Q

Strongyloides _______ is seen in pigs

A

ransomi

38
Q

Strongyloides ______ is seen in horses

A

westeri

39
Q

Strongyloides _______ is seen in ruminants

A

papillosus

40
Q

What is the unique feature of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Egg can hatch in the intestine releasing the L1

L1 can then quickly develop into L3 and autoinfect the host

41
Q

What are the three different forms of infection that can be seen with a Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Cutaneous: via L3 skin penetration
Respiratory: bronchopneumonia
Intestinal: causes mucoid watery diarrhea

42
Q

How would you diagnosis Strongyloides stercoralis? What would you see?

A

Fecal float

Can see the L1 in fresh feces or wait 24-48 hours and see the filariform L3

43
Q

Treatment for Strongylodes stercoralis?

A

Iso from humans; prevent zoonosis

Use Ivermectin

44
Q

T/F Once you see a negative fecal float for Strongyloides stercoralis you can assume the animal is clear of the parasite

A

FALSE; you need to monitor the feces for 6-12 months after treatment. You never assume it is clear after 1 test

45
Q

Best way to prevent any Strongyloides infection?

A

Clean up the poop you dirty bastard. Prevent the rhabditiform L1 from becoming the filariform infectious L3

46
Q

Strongyloides ______ is associated with cats

A

tumefacians

47
Q

Only parthogenic females are known to occur in Strongyloides ________

A

tumefacians

48
Q

Where do Strongylodes tumefacians adults reside?

A

LARGE INTESTINE; different than the other Strongyloides

Parasitology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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