Rhabditids

Question 1

Free living nematodes with a direct life cycle

Answer 1

Rhabditids

Question 2

What is a unique structure of Rhabditids

Answer 2

Rhabditiform esophagus

Question 3

T/F Rhabditids can be faculatative parasites

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What are three main Rhabditids we are concerned about?

Answer 4

Rhabditis strongyloides
Halicephalobus gingivalis
Strongyloides spp.

Question 5

Rhabditis strongyloides is a _______ that is normally free living in decaying organic matter

Answer 5

facultative parasite

Question 6

Rhabditis strongyloides is commonly associated with ______

Answer 6

Wet/damp bedding

Question 7

Rhabditis strongyloides life cycle is completed in the skin. T/F?

Answer 7

FALSE; life cycle of Rhabditis strongyloides is NOT completed in the skin; can cause a dermatitis

Question 8

What are some signs/lesions associated with Rhabditis strongyloides?

Answer 8

Alopecia and pruritis

Contained to areas that are in contact with the bedding

Question 9

Best way to treat Rhabditis strongyloides?

Answer 9

Ivermectin and antibiotics

Question 10

Halicephalobus gingivalis is a _________ nematode

Answer 10

free living

Question 11

What is the route of infection for Halicephalobus gingivalis?

Answer 11

Unknown; could be ingestion or inhalation

Question 12

Where are adults of Halicephalobus gingivalis located?

Answer 12

Variable; CNS, kidney, maxilla. Causes a granulomatous inflammation

Question 13

Where would you look to diagnose Halicephalobus gingivalis?

Answer 13

Either in the semen or urine

Can identify the rhabditiform esophagus

Question 14

Treatment of Halicephalobus gingivalis?

Answer 14

Resect the infected tissue; anthelmenthics have a low success rate

Question 15

Strongyloides live in the _____ and have both _____ and ______ generations.

Answer 15

Intestine
Free-living
Parasitic

Question 16

T/F The parasitic form of Strongyloides has both male and female worms

Answer 16

FALSE; there are only females in the parasitic form of Strongyloides. They reproduce asexually

Question 17

Strongyloides eggs are shed in the _____ and contain an _____

Answer 17

Feces

L1

Question 18

Strongyloides stercoralis is different than the other Strongyloides. Why?

Answer 18

When it lays its egg in the intestine it can hatch; can see the egg OR the L1 in the feces

Question 19

Strongyloides spp have a _______ esophagus

Answer 19

Filariform

Question 20

Describe the life cycle of a parasitic generation of Strongyloides

Answer 20

Adult females repro asexually and produce eggs with L1 that are shed in the feces.
L1 can develop into an infective filariform L3 or a free living rhabditiform.

Question 21

The infective stage of a parasitic generation of Strongyloides is ______

Answer 21

Filariform free living L3; this is a parasitic adult female

Question 22

Describe the free living generation of Strongyloides

Answer 22

The rhabditiform males and females reproduce and produce a rhabditiform L1 which becomes an infective filariform L3

Question 23

Strongyloides infects the host via…..

Answer 23

Skin penetration of L3 in the environment

Ingestion of L3

Question 24

Describe the pathway the Strongyloides L3 takes

Answer 24

It is carried to the lungs via the blood

Coughed up and swallowed

Question 25

Strongyloides adults are seen in the ______

Answer 25

Small intestine

Question 26

Strongyloides infections are most commonly seen in _______ and ________

Answer 26

``` Young animals (via transmammary) Immunocompromised adults ```

Question 27

T/F Strongyloides infections are often severe

Answer 27

FALSE; they are often asymptomatic Depends on the host age and worm load Adults in SI can cause anorexia, weight loss, etc.

Question 28

What are the species of Strongyloides of concern? Where are they located and what are the hosts

Answer 28

``` Strongyloides westeri: SI; Horse Strongyloides ransomni: SI; Pigs Strongyloides papillosus: SI; Rmnts Strongyloides stercoralis: SI; Primates/dogs Strongylodes tumefaciens: LI; cats ```

Question 29

Strongyloides westeri is commonly transmitted in _____ via _____ transmission

Answer 29

Horses Lactogenic Most foals self cure themselves in 6 months

Question 30

What is the best way to diagnosis/treat/prevent Strongyloides westeri?

Answer 30

1: Fecal float; detect eggs with L1 2: Benzimidazoles 3: Sanitation and treat mares

Question 31

Strongyloides ransomi is seen in ______ and is most common in the ______ United States

Answer 31

Pigs | Souther

Question 32

If you did a fecal float on a pig infected with Strongyloides ransomi you would see what?

Answer 32

Egg with an L1 in it; have to be less than 2-3 weeks old

Question 33

How would you prevent Strongyloides westeri?

Answer 33

Sanitation; reduce fecal build up to reduce # of L3s

Question 34

Strongyloides papillosus is seen in all _______ but is more common in ________

Answer 34

Ruminants | Sheep

Question 35

What treatment would you prescribe for Strongyloides papillosus?

Answer 35

None, treatment is unneeded

Question 36

Strongyloides _________ commonly infects dogs/primates

Answer 36

stercoralis

Question 37

Strongyloides _______ is seen in pigs

Answer 37

ransomi

Question 38

Strongyloides ______ is seen in horses

Answer 38

westeri

Question 39

Strongyloides _______ is seen in ruminants

Answer 39

papillosus

Question 40

What is the unique feature of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 40

Egg can hatch in the intestine releasing the L1 | L1 can then quickly develop into L3 and autoinfect the host

Question 41

What are the three different forms of infection that can be seen with a Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 41

Cutaneous: via L3 skin penetration Respiratory: bronchopneumonia Intestinal: causes mucoid watery diarrhea

Question 42

How would you diagnosis Strongyloides stercoralis? What would you see?

Answer 42

Fecal float | Can see the L1 in fresh feces or wait 24-48 hours and see the filariform L3

Question 43

Treatment for Strongylodes stercoralis?

Answer 43

Iso from humans; prevent zoonosis | Use Ivermectin

Question 44

T/F Once you see a negative fecal float for Strongyloides stercoralis you can assume the animal is clear of the parasite

Answer 44

FALSE; you need to monitor the feces for 6-12 months after treatment. You never assume it is clear after 1 test

Question 45

Best way to prevent any Strongyloides infection?

Answer 45

Clean up the poop you dirty bastard. Prevent the rhabditiform L1 from becoming the filariform infectious L3

Question 46

Strongyloides ______ is associated with cats

Answer 46

tumefacians

Question 47

Only parthogenic females are known to occur in Strongyloides ________

Answer 47

tumefacians

Question 48

Where do Strongylodes tumefacians adults reside?

Answer 48

LARGE INTESTINE; different than the other Strongyloides