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Parasitology Exam 2 > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Flatworms belong to what Phylum?

A

Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

Platyhelminthes bodies are flattened ______ and have bilateral symmetry. They do/do not require IH. Most species are _______

A

dorso-ventrally
do have intermediate hosts
hemaphroditic

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3
Q

Platyhelminthes also lack a ________ as all of their organs are suspended in ______

A

body cavity

parenchyma

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4
Q

What are the three classes of Platyhelminthes?

A

Turbelleria (free-living; dont care)
Cestoda
Trematoda

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5
Q

The class ______ are flat and ribboned or band shaped.

A

Cestoda

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6
Q

Cestodes have no _______ or _______

A

digestive tract

body cavity

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7
Q

The ______ is responsible for holding the parasite in place

A

Scolex

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8
Q

Name the 3 different features a scolex can have

A

Rostrellum
Acetabulum
Bothrium

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9
Q

______ act as suckers on teh scolex. Bohrium are _______ on the scolex. ______ are spiny projections.

A

Acetabulum
Raised structures
Rostrellum

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10
Q

Cestodes use ______ to absorb nutrients

A

tegument

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11
Q

What are the calcareous bodies used for?

A

No one knows; possibly ion storage?

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12
Q

Strobili are a chain of _____ that make up the body of ____

A

proglottids

Cestodes

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13
Q

______ lack a uterine pore, while ______ have a uterine pore. Both have a genital pore

A

Cyclophylidian; eggs accumulate in the proglottids

Diphyllobothridean; shed their eggs

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14
Q

Diphyllobothriidea is associated with aquatic/terrestrial foodchain. They contain a _______ pore and a _____ pore.

A

Aquatic foodchain
Uterine
Genital

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15
Q

Oncosphere of Diphyllobothriidea develops into a ______ in the 1st IH, which is a _______

A

procercoid

Copepod (aquatic)

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16
Q

When the 2nd IH ingests the ______ of Diphyllobothriidea, it becomes a _______

A

procercoid

plerocercoid

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17
Q

Eggs of Diphyllobothriidea contain a ______ that dies unless it is ingested by the IH

A

coracidium

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18
Q

Name the 2 specific worms in the order Diphyllobothriidea

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Spirometra mansonoides

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19
Q

______ is known as the zipper tape worm. Uterine pores are located medially

A

Spirometra mansonoides

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20
Q

______ life cycle involves fish and fish eating mammals

A

Diphylloborthium latum

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21
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum definitive hosts:

A

BEAR, dog, cat, humans

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22
Q

________ is most prevalent in teh northern areas of the world. Is associated with eating raw/undercooked/improperly pickled fish

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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23
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum adults reside in teh _______. Eggs are released/retained by the proglottid. Eggs can/cannot be seen in feces

A

Small intestine
releasesed (median uterine pore)
CAN be seen in feces

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24
Q

T/F Diphyllobothrium latum retains its mature proglottids

A

TRUE; centrally located uterine pore but the proglottids are retained.

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25
Q

Describe the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum

A
  1. Coracidium is released in egg in feces.
  2. Coracidium is ingested by copepod, now procercoid
    3: 1st IH ingested by 2nd IH (FISH) where plerocercoid develops in muscles
    4: DH ingests 2nd IH, migrates to SI, becomes adult
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26
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum eggs are similar in appearance to ______ eggs

A

Fluke

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27
Q

Signs/Diagnosis/Control of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Humans are usually asymptomatic
Fecal float to see eggs
Tx: Praziquantel!
Control: Cook/pickle your fish properly

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28
Q

_____________ has its uterine, and genital pores located medially

A

Spirometra mansonoides

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29
Q

Spirometra mansonoides retains/shed its mature proglottids

A

Sheds them; this is known as the zipper tape worm

Can often see these in the feces

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30
Q

Spirometra mansonoides is most commonly seen where/

A

Florida/gulf coast

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31
Q

Spirometra mansonoides definitive hosts:

A

Cats, dogs, anything preying on intermediate hosts

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32
Q

Spirometra 1st and 2nd IH:

A

Copepod

ANYTHING BUT FISH

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33
Q

_______ is the infection of an abberant vertebrae host with a plerocercoid

A

Spraginosis

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34
Q

How does a human get sparginosis? How is this treated?

A

They have to ingest the copepod

Have to manually remove the worms

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35
Q

The Order ________ is associated with terrestrial food chain and adults are often found in the GI tract of the definitive host

A

Cyclophyllidea

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36
Q

Worms from the order _______ often retain their eggs in their proglottids

A

Cyclophyllidea

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37
Q

Cyclophyllidea often use _____ or _______ as IH hosts

A

herbivore or arthropod

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38
Q

What are the common larval (metacestode) types seen in Cyclophyllidea?

A 
Cysticercoid
cysticercus
strobilocercus
coenurus
hydatid cyst
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39
Q

Name the Taenia species: (8)

A 
Taenia solium 
Taenia saginata
Taenia multiceps
Taenia pisiformis 
Taenia taeniaeformis 
Taenia ovis 
Taenia hydatigena
Taenia serialis
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40
Q

Taenia IH include:

A

Pigs, ruminants, rabbits, rodents

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41
Q

Taenia adults reside in the ______ and shed eggs/proglottids in teh feces

A

Small intesitine

proglottids full of eggs

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42
Q

Adult Taenia characteristics

A

Scolex with acetabulum and rostrellum
Proglottids are longer than they are wide
Single set of reproductive organs
Single genital pore

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43
Q

What do the different Taenia eggs look like? Explain in great detail

A

JK they all look the same. Echinococcus also look the same

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44
Q

What is the best way to diagnose Taenia infection? Fecal float?

A

NO, need to do the squash test to get the eggs out of the proglottids

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45
Q

What metacestodes are often seen with Taenia?

A

Cysticercus: single, fluid filled sac with a single protoscolex
Coenurus: single, fluid filled sac with several protoscolices

46
Q

_______ contains several protoscolices, while ______ contain only one protoscolex

A

Cysticercus

Coenurus

47
Q

_______ is the Pork Tapeworm, as the IH is pigs and the DH is _______

A

Taenia solium

Humans

48
Q

Taenia solium is acquired by a human how?

A

Ingesting undercooked/raw pork that contains the cysticercus in teh striated muscle

49
Q

Taenia solium life cycle. GO!

A

Eggs are ingested by pig, where it hatches and is carried to the muscle, where the cysticercus develops
Human then eats the cysticercus in undercooked pork

50
Q

T/F It is possible for humans to become the IH for Taenia solium

A

TRUE; would have to eat food contaminated by human feces. Ya nasty

51
Q

________ is more likely in developing countries and is commonly called “measly beef”

A

Taenia saginata

52
Q

Taenia saginata cysticercus is located where? Where are the adults?

A

Striated muscle of cattle

SI of humans

53
Q

_____ is referred to as the gid worm and has a definitive host of canids

A

Taenia multiceps

54
Q

Taenia multiceps intermediate hosts:

A

Cattle, goats, sheep

55
Q

How would a human become an IH for Taenia multiceps?

A

Would have to ingest eggs passed in the feces of dogs

56
Q

In Taenia multiceps the cysticerus/coernus develops in the _____ which can cause gid, otherwise known as _______

A

Coernus, different than the others
CNS or brain
Staggers

57
Q

________ is the most common tapeworm of dogs in the US

A

Taenia pisiformis

58
Q

Taenia pisiformis metecestode stage

A

cysticercus

59
Q

Taenia pisiformis IH:

A

rabbits or rodents

60
Q

The cysticercoid of Teania pisiformis develops where?

A

Liver/peritoneal cavity of the rabbit/rodent

61
Q

Taenia taeniaformis has what for a definitive host?

A

Cat

62
Q

The intermediate host of ____________ is rats, which become infected when they ingest eggs from the feces of cats

A

Taenia taeniaformis

63
Q

Taenia taeniaeformis has _____ as a metacestode. Where does it develop?

A

Strobilocercus (look at picture)

Develops in the liver of the rodent

64
Q

_________ has an IH of sheep/goats. If affects dogs/wild canids

A

Taenia ovis

65
Q

Taenia ovis has a metacestode form of _____

A

cysticercus

66
Q

_______ cause a disease called Blacks disease in teh IH of cattle/pigs

A

Taenia hydatigena; causes cysts known as waterballs

67
Q

Taenia hydatigena uses what for IH?

A

herbivores and pigs

68
Q

What are the Taenia species that pose public health concerns?

A 
Taenia solium (human, cysticercus)
Taenia saginata (human, cysticercus)
Taenia multiceps (Canine, coernus)
69
Q

What are the Taenia species that pose a problem to companion animals?

A 
Taenia pisiformis (Dog, cysticercus)
Taenia taeniaeformis (Cat, strobilus)
70
Q

Echinococcus granulosus has a _______ for its metacestode stage

A

unilocular hydatid cyst

71
Q

Echinococcus granulosus definitive host

A

domestic and wild canids

72
Q

Echinococcus granulosus intermediate host

A

mosse, sheep, cattle, caribou

73
Q

Echinococcus granulosus life cycle

A

Adults are in the SI
Eggs are shed via proglottid in the feces
Eggs ingested by the IH and lodges in the capillary bed
Becomes the hydatid cyst
PRotoscolices the mature if they are consumed by the DH

74
Q

Hydatid cysts can be seen in ________ infections

A

Echinococcus granulosus

75
Q

_______ is seen in 100% prevalence in red foxes

A

Echinococcus multioculars

76
Q

Echinococcus multioculars has an _______________ as a metacestode

A

alveolar hydatid cyst

77
Q

Echinococcus multioculars definitive host:

A

Canids

78
Q

Echinococcus ocularis intermediate hosts

A

rodents, cattle, swine, horses

79
Q

Where does the alveolar hydatid cyst of the Echinococcus multiocularis develop?

A

Live of the IH

80
Q

T/F Echinococcus multiocularis is important as a possible zoonotic disease

A

TRUE; humans can be infected by ingesting eggs

81
Q

Diagnosis/treatment of Echinococcus multiocularis

A

Fecal float; eggs look very similar to Taenia eggs.

PRAZIQUANTEL

82
Q

Cestodes involved in a herbivore/carnivore cycle

A 
Taenia solium 
Taenia saginata
Taenia multiceps 
Taenia ovis 
Taenia pisiformis 
Taenia taniaeformis 
Taenia hydatigena 
Taenia serialis 
Echinococcus granulosus 
Echinococcus multiocularis
83
Q

Dipylidium caninum is what?

A

Cestode with definitive hosts of canids, felines, and children

84
Q

Diplydium caninum uses what IH?

A

Fleas

85
Q

Metacircaria structure of Dipylidium caninum

A

cysticercoid

86
Q

How does the definitive host become infected with Dipylidium caninum?

A

Ingest the flea containing the cysticercoid

87
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of Dipylidium caninum eggs?

A

eggs are in baskets

88
Q

Dipylidium caninum sheds its eggs/proglottids which can be found______

A

proglottids

feces and perianal area

89
Q

Treatment of Dipylidium caninum?

A

PRAZI-MUTHAFUCKIN-QUANTEL

And maybe some flea control

90
Q

If you see an animal infected with Dipylidium caninum, it is safe to assume they are also infested with _____

A

fleas

91
Q

Mesocestoides species adults are where in the DH?

A

Small intestine

92
Q

What is on the Mesocestoides scolex

A

4 acetabulum

93
Q

What are the two mesocestoides of the Mesocestoides?

A

cysticercoid

tetrathyridium

94
Q

What is the certain disease that Mesocestoides can cause in dogs?

A

Canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (CPLC)

95
Q

What is Canine peritoneal larval cesodiasis

A

When dogs become the IH and Mesocestoides can be in the peritoneum and the tetrathyridia to reproduce asexually

96
Q

What are the intermediate hosts for Mesocestoides?

A

1st: Fleas
2nd: reptile, rodent, amphibian

97
Q

Equine cestodes:

A

Anoplocephala magna
Anoplocephala perfoliata
Paranoplocephala mamilana

98
Q

_____ is the largest equine cestode

A

Anoplocephala magna

99
Q

_______ has the distinguishing lappets under the scolex

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

100
Q

T/F Anoplocephala perfoliata is associated with colic

A

Trick question. Maybe? I don’t really know and he doens’t either

101
Q

Paranoplocephala mamilana

A

harmless, these are less than 2 centimeters long

102
Q

Ruminant cestodes

A

Monezia expansa

Monezia benedeni

103
Q

_______ are in sheep and goats. The eggs are _______

A

Monezia expansa

Triangular

104
Q

_____ are in cattle. The eggs are ________

A

Monezia benedeni

Square

105
Q

Where are the Monezia adults? What do they shed?

A

They are in the small intestine

They shed their proglottids with eggs

106
Q

_______ is the fringed tape worm that can be seen in small ruminants in the western US

A

Thyanthosoma actinoides

107
Q

Thyanthosoma actinoides eggs; what is special about them?

A

Another one that is in an egg basket

108
Q

Hymenolepis species. What is the definitive host?

A

Humans and rodents

109
Q

What are the avian tapeworms?

A

Davainea proglottina
Raillietina echinobothridia
Houttynia struthionis

110
Q

Davainea proglottina is associated with what?

A

decreased growth and hemorrhagic enteritis

111
Q

Raillietina echinobothridia is associated with what?

A

decreased weight and production

Parasitology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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