Cestodes Flashcards
Flatworms belong to what Phylum?
Platyhelminthes
Platyhelminthes bodies are flattened ______ and have bilateral symmetry. They do/do not require IH. Most species are _______
dorso-ventrally
do have intermediate hosts
hemaphroditic
Platyhelminthes also lack a ________ as all of their organs are suspended in ______
body cavity
parenchyma
What are the three classes of Platyhelminthes?
Turbelleria (free-living; dont care)
Cestoda
Trematoda
The class ______ are flat and ribboned or band shaped.
Cestoda
Cestodes have no _______ or _______
digestive tract
body cavity
The ______ is responsible for holding the parasite in place
Scolex
Name the 3 different features a scolex can have
Rostrellum
Acetabulum
Bothrium
______ act as suckers on teh scolex. Bohrium are _______ on the scolex. ______ are spiny projections.
Acetabulum
Raised structures
Rostrellum
Cestodes use ______ to absorb nutrients
tegument
What are the calcareous bodies used for?
No one knows; possibly ion storage?
Strobili are a chain of _____ that make up the body of ____
proglottids
Cestodes
______ lack a uterine pore, while ______ have a uterine pore. Both have a genital pore
Cyclophylidian; eggs accumulate in the proglottids
Diphyllobothridean; shed their eggs
Diphyllobothriidea is associated with aquatic/terrestrial foodchain. They contain a _______ pore and a _____ pore.
Aquatic foodchain
Uterine
Genital
Oncosphere of Diphyllobothriidea develops into a ______ in the 1st IH, which is a _______
procercoid
Copepod (aquatic)
When the 2nd IH ingests the ______ of Diphyllobothriidea, it becomes a _______
procercoid
plerocercoid
Eggs of Diphyllobothriidea contain a ______ that dies unless it is ingested by the IH
coracidium
Name the 2 specific worms in the order Diphyllobothriidea
Diphyllobothrium latum
Spirometra mansonoides
______ is known as the zipper tape worm. Uterine pores are located medially
Spirometra mansonoides
______ life cycle involves fish and fish eating mammals
Diphylloborthium latum
Diphyllobothrium latum definitive hosts:
BEAR, dog, cat, humans
________ is most prevalent in teh northern areas of the world. Is associated with eating raw/undercooked/improperly pickled fish
Diphyllobothrium latum
Diphyllobothrium latum adults reside in teh _______. Eggs are released/retained by the proglottid. Eggs can/cannot be seen in feces
Small intestine
releasesed (median uterine pore)
CAN be seen in feces
T/F Diphyllobothrium latum retains its mature proglottids
TRUE; centrally located uterine pore but the proglottids are retained.
Describe the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum
- Coracidium is released in egg in feces.
- Coracidium is ingested by copepod, now procercoid
3: 1st IH ingested by 2nd IH (FISH) where plerocercoid develops in muscles
4: DH ingests 2nd IH, migrates to SI, becomes adult
Diphyllobothrium latum eggs are similar in appearance to ______ eggs
Fluke
Signs/Diagnosis/Control of Diphyllobothrium latum
Humans are usually asymptomatic
Fecal float to see eggs
Tx: Praziquantel!
Control: Cook/pickle your fish properly
_____________ has its uterine, and genital pores located medially
Spirometra mansonoides
Spirometra mansonoides retains/shed its mature proglottids
Sheds them; this is known as the zipper tape worm
Can often see these in the feces
Spirometra mansonoides is most commonly seen where/
Florida/gulf coast
Spirometra mansonoides definitive hosts:
Cats, dogs, anything preying on intermediate hosts
Spirometra 1st and 2nd IH:
Copepod
ANYTHING BUT FISH
_______ is the infection of an abberant vertebrae host with a plerocercoid
Spraginosis
How does a human get sparginosis? How is this treated?
They have to ingest the copepod
Have to manually remove the worms
The Order ________ is associated with terrestrial food chain and adults are often found in the GI tract of the definitive host
Cyclophyllidea
Worms from the order _______ often retain their eggs in their proglottids
Cyclophyllidea
Cyclophyllidea often use _____ or _______ as IH hosts
herbivore or arthropod
What are the common larval (metacestode) types seen in Cyclophyllidea?
Cysticercoid cysticercus strobilocercus coenurus hydatid cyst
Name the Taenia species: (8)
Taenia solium Taenia saginata Taenia multiceps Taenia pisiformis Taenia taeniaeformis Taenia ovis Taenia hydatigena Taenia serialis
Taenia IH include:
Pigs, ruminants, rabbits, rodents
Taenia adults reside in the ______ and shed eggs/proglottids in teh feces
Small intesitine
proglottids full of eggs
Adult Taenia characteristics
Scolex with acetabulum and rostrellum
Proglottids are longer than they are wide
Single set of reproductive organs
Single genital pore
What do the different Taenia eggs look like? Explain in great detail
JK they all look the same. Echinococcus also look the same
What is the best way to diagnose Taenia infection? Fecal float?
NO, need to do the squash test to get the eggs out of the proglottids
What metacestodes are often seen with Taenia?
Cysticercus: single, fluid filled sac with a single protoscolex
Coenurus: single, fluid filled sac with several protoscolices
_______ contains several protoscolices, while ______ contain only one protoscolex
Cysticercus
Coenurus
_______ is the Pork Tapeworm, as the IH is pigs and the DH is _______
Taenia solium
Humans
Taenia solium is acquired by a human how?
Ingesting undercooked/raw pork that contains the cysticercus in teh striated muscle
Taenia solium life cycle. GO!
Eggs are ingested by pig, where it hatches and is carried to the muscle, where the cysticercus develops
Human then eats the cysticercus in undercooked pork
T/F It is possible for humans to become the IH for Taenia solium
TRUE; would have to eat food contaminated by human feces. Ya nasty
________ is more likely in developing countries and is commonly called “measly beef”
Taenia saginata
Taenia saginata cysticercus is located where? Where are the adults?
Striated muscle of cattle
SI of humans
_____ is referred to as the gid worm and has a definitive host of canids
Taenia multiceps
Taenia multiceps intermediate hosts:
Cattle, goats, sheep
How would a human become an IH for Taenia multiceps?
Would have to ingest eggs passed in the feces of dogs
In Taenia multiceps the cysticerus/coernus develops in the _____ which can cause gid, otherwise known as _______
Coernus, different than the others
CNS or brain
Staggers
________ is the most common tapeworm of dogs in the US
Taenia pisiformis
Taenia pisiformis metecestode stage
cysticercus
Taenia pisiformis IH:
rabbits or rodents
The cysticercoid of Teania pisiformis develops where?
Liver/peritoneal cavity of the rabbit/rodent
Taenia taeniaformis has what for a definitive host?
Cat
The intermediate host of ____________ is rats, which become infected when they ingest eggs from the feces of cats
Taenia taeniaformis
Taenia taeniaeformis has _____ as a metacestode. Where does it develop?
Strobilocercus (look at picture)
Develops in the liver of the rodent
_________ has an IH of sheep/goats. If affects dogs/wild canids
Taenia ovis
Taenia ovis has a metacestode form of _____
cysticercus
_______ cause a disease called Blacks disease in teh IH of cattle/pigs
Taenia hydatigena; causes cysts known as waterballs
Taenia hydatigena uses what for IH?
herbivores and pigs
What are the Taenia species that pose public health concerns?
Taenia solium (human, cysticercus) Taenia saginata (human, cysticercus) Taenia multiceps (Canine, coernus)
What are the Taenia species that pose a problem to companion animals?
Taenia pisiformis (Dog, cysticercus) Taenia taeniaeformis (Cat, strobilus)
Echinococcus granulosus has a _______ for its metacestode stage
unilocular hydatid cyst
Echinococcus granulosus definitive host
domestic and wild canids
Echinococcus granulosus intermediate host
mosse, sheep, cattle, caribou
Echinococcus granulosus life cycle
Adults are in the SI
Eggs are shed via proglottid in the feces
Eggs ingested by the IH and lodges in the capillary bed
Becomes the hydatid cyst
PRotoscolices the mature if they are consumed by the DH
Hydatid cysts can be seen in ________ infections
Echinococcus granulosus
_______ is seen in 100% prevalence in red foxes
Echinococcus multioculars
Echinococcus multioculars has an _______________ as a metacestode
alveolar hydatid cyst
Echinococcus multioculars definitive host:
Canids
Echinococcus ocularis intermediate hosts
rodents, cattle, swine, horses
Where does the alveolar hydatid cyst of the Echinococcus multiocularis develop?
Live of the IH
T/F Echinococcus multiocularis is important as a possible zoonotic disease
TRUE; humans can be infected by ingesting eggs
Diagnosis/treatment of Echinococcus multiocularis
Fecal float; eggs look very similar to Taenia eggs.
PRAZIQUANTEL
Cestodes involved in a herbivore/carnivore cycle
Taenia solium Taenia saginata Taenia multiceps Taenia ovis Taenia pisiformis Taenia taniaeformis Taenia hydatigena Taenia serialis Echinococcus granulosus Echinococcus multiocularis
Dipylidium caninum is what?
Cestode with definitive hosts of canids, felines, and children
Diplydium caninum uses what IH?
Fleas
Metacircaria structure of Dipylidium caninum
cysticercoid
How does the definitive host become infected with Dipylidium caninum?
Ingest the flea containing the cysticercoid
What is the distinguishing feature of Dipylidium caninum eggs?
eggs are in baskets
Dipylidium caninum sheds its eggs/proglottids which can be found______
proglottids
feces and perianal area
Treatment of Dipylidium caninum?
PRAZI-MUTHAFUCKIN-QUANTEL
And maybe some flea control
If you see an animal infected with Dipylidium caninum, it is safe to assume they are also infested with _____
fleas
Mesocestoides species adults are where in the DH?
Small intestine
What is on the Mesocestoides scolex
4 acetabulum
What are the two mesocestoides of the Mesocestoides?
cysticercoid
tetrathyridium
What is the certain disease that Mesocestoides can cause in dogs?
Canine peritoneal larval cestodiasis (CPLC)
What is Canine peritoneal larval cesodiasis
When dogs become the IH and Mesocestoides can be in the peritoneum and the tetrathyridia to reproduce asexually
What are the intermediate hosts for Mesocestoides?
1st: Fleas
2nd: reptile, rodent, amphibian
Equine cestodes:
Anoplocephala magna
Anoplocephala perfoliata
Paranoplocephala mamilana
_____ is the largest equine cestode
Anoplocephala magna
_______ has the distinguishing lappets under the scolex
Anoplocephala perfoliata
T/F Anoplocephala perfoliata is associated with colic
Trick question. Maybe? I don’t really know and he doens’t either
Paranoplocephala mamilana
harmless, these are less than 2 centimeters long
Ruminant cestodes
Monezia expansa
Monezia benedeni
_______ are in sheep and goats. The eggs are _______
Monezia expansa
Triangular
_____ are in cattle. The eggs are ________
Monezia benedeni
Square
Where are the Monezia adults? What do they shed?
They are in the small intestine
They shed their proglottids with eggs
_______ is the fringed tape worm that can be seen in small ruminants in the western US
Thyanthosoma actinoides
Thyanthosoma actinoides eggs; what is special about them?
Another one that is in an egg basket
Hymenolepis species. What is the definitive host?
Humans and rodents
What are the avian tapeworms?
Davainea proglottina
Raillietina echinobothridia
Houttynia struthionis
Davainea proglottina is associated with what?
decreased growth and hemorrhagic enteritis
Raillietina echinobothridia is associated with what?
decreased weight and production
