spirochetes

Question 1

borelia recurentis

Answer 1

out of the 18 species which causes RF , b.r is the only one which is transmitted to humans via the louse therfore it causes epidemic RF the other are via ticks (endemic)

presents with antigenic variation so patients keeps gttin g a fever but you have afebrile moments.Relapses will continue to occur, although they will become progressively shorter and
milder as the afebrile intervals lengthen.

Question 2

metabolism of the 3 spirochetes

Answer 2

trepenoma-micraerphilic
borrelia - microaerophillic
leptospira- aerobe

Question 3

leptospira and WHATS SPECIAL ABOUT IT

Answer 3

aerobe
l.interrogans
complex taxonamy
zooinose

can lead to Weils disease due to liver damage

Relapses will continue to occur, although they will become progressively shorter and
milder as the afebrile intervals lengthen.

as they are highly motile they can penetrate intact mucous membranes!!!!

conjuctiva classically red, photophobia phase 1

phase 2 : memmigsmus and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exam
reveals an elevated white cell count in most patients.
Leptospira interrogans (classically serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae, but can be other serogroups) can cause
a more severe illness called Weil’s disease, or infectious jaundice, which involves renal failure, hepatitis
with jaundice, mental status changes, and hemorrhage
in many organs

we treat with penecillin or doxy (both)

Question 4

comaprisn of the spirochetste

Answer 4

trepenoma and borrelia in one family -NOT HOOKED

leptospira- another family-HOOKED

Question 5

trepenemoma pallidum subspecies

and differneces between them (read book)

Answer 5

There are 3 subspecies of Treponema pallidum (endemicum, pertenue, and carateum) that cause nonvenereal disease (endemic syphilis, yaws, and pinta,
respectively). All 3 subspecies cause skin ulcers and
gummas of the skin and bones in children, with the exception of Treponema carateum, which only causes skin
discoloration (no gummas).
Interestingly, these subspecies are morphologically
and genetically identical to Treponema pallidum, yet do
not cause the sexually transmitted disease syphilis.
However, the diseases do share many characteristics
with syphilis. Like syphilis, the general pattern of these
diseases involves a primary skin papule or ulcer developing at the site of inoculation (usually not the genitals).
This is followed by a secondary stage of widespread skin
lesions. The tertiary stage is manifested years later by
gummas of the skin and bones. Unlike tertiary syphilis,
the tertiary stages of the nonvenereal treponemes do
not involve the heart or central nervous system.
The antibodies produced by these infections will give
a positive VDRL and FTA-ABS. One intramuscular injection of long-acting penicillin is curative.

Question 6

lyme disease

Answer 6

rash 
can affcet heart
bells palasy 
arthirtis
24 hours for tick to work so if recmove before then its calm 

stages are similar to shyphillis, both begin with a rash, both spread to the blood, both have chronic manifesttaions

The vaccines are ImuLyme and
LYMErix.