non bacteria stuff

Question 1

what do bacteria need to grow in agar

Answer 1

a carbon source-sugars
nitrogen source- meat organic compounds or hydrolyzed peptones
energy source
growth factors
inorgnaic salts -nacl - 0.5-0.8% -isotonic osmotic pressure

Question 2

classification of AB’S

Answer 2

1. spectrum -broad or narrow
2. killing capacity -cidal/static
3. what they target (cell wall, ribosomes,nucleic acid synthesis, cell membrane, destruction of essential metabolites
4. what they kill - fungi, bacteria,protozoa,helminths
5. according to the prdocuer

Question 3

serological test s

Answer 3

indirect immunflourescence
ELISA
complement fixation test

Question 4

different types of antigens

Answer 4

autoantigens
heterophile - same but in different species
alloantigens- same species but different mebers (blood)

Question 5

types of agglutination (essay 19)

quantititave agglutinaton

prozone effect

Answer 5

paragglutination- rickettsia and proteus
cross agglutination- enterobacteriaceae- between similar microbial species

use seriel dilutions of ab’s and then you add a fixed amount of antigen (rcbs, bacteria) and the maxiumum Delusion that gives agglutination is determined. The maximum delusion that gives the agglutination is called the tighter.

Lack of agglutination when you have high concentrations of antibodies and this is because you get a very small complex is formed and not enough to see visible in this nation

Question 6

wasserman test

Answer 6

complement fixation tests for shypillis

Question 7

Examples of killed vaccines

Answer 7

the flu vaccine influvac and viral hepatitis

Question 8

How do we alter exotoxins in vaccines we heat them at 40° for 40 days with 0.4% solution of formaldehyde

Answer 8

we heat them at 40° for 40 days with 0.4% solution of formaldehyde. its now an anatoxin due to physical and chemical factors