general stuff part 2

Question 1

mantoux test

Answer 1

The Mantoux test is a widely used test for latent TB. It involves injecting a small amount of a substance called PPD tuberculin into the skin of your forearm. It’s also called the tuberculin skin test (TST).

If you have a latent TB infection, your skin will be sensitive to PPD tuberculin and a small, hard red bump will develop at the site of the injection, usually within 48 to 72 hours of having the test.

if you have a very strong skin reaction, you may need a chest X-ray to confirm whether you have the active form.
f you do not have a latent infection, your skin will not react to the Mantoux test.

If you’ve had the BCG vaccination, you may have a mild skin reaction to the Mantoux test. This does not necessarily mean you have latent TB.

Question 2

Maldi toff

Answer 2

is fast compared totother methods, can detect straight form samples like blood Csf ect.

uses lasers

there is library with all the details specific to the diff bacteria so you can easily diagnose

Question 3

types of transmission of disease (essay 22)

Answer 3

direct:
sex
kissing

indirect:
respiratory 
fecal oral route- swimming pools
mechanical transmission-vectors 
vertical transmission, mother to baby 
contmainated objects -door knobs etc

Question 4

types of carriers

Answer 4

convalescent carriers- recovering from disease
incubatory carriers-incubation period, no symptoms
healthy carriers-mary mallon

Question 5

lytic cycle steps

Answer 5

1. adsorption
2. penetration
3. replication
4. maturation
5. release
6. reinfection - as many as 50-200 new phages can come from one bacterial cell

Question 6

abcterial growth factors

Answer 6

1. vitamins
2. purines/pyrimidines
3. aa acids

cant synethesize GF

Question 7

lyme disease

Answer 7

borellia .burgodoferi which is a spriochote, longer than trepenoma

stain with aniline dyes like wright or giemsa
MICROAERO+FASTIDIOUS (which is why culture is often unssuceful)

-tick ixodes scapularis
start iff with a little macule/papule and it grows over the following weeks if not treated its spreads by blood. chronically over time it rpesents as arti=hirits

treatments: doxycylcine which is a tetracycline

Question 8

RF

Answer 8

epidemic

endemic