Spine common injury

Question 1

common medical conditions that may cause sciatica

Answer 1

a herniated L disc, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, muscle spasm and/or inflammation of the lumbar and/or pelvic muscle, SIJ dysfunction

Question 2

causes of sciatica

Answer 2

occupations where physically strenuous positions are used, people who often bend their spine forward or sideways or raise their arms frequently above the shoulder level may be at risk of sciatica,

Question 3

sciatica symptoms

Answer 3

pain- burning sensation or shooting pain, numbness, one sided symptoms- affects one leg, posture induced symtpoms- while sitting, trying to stand, bend the spine forward, twisting, lying down

Question 4

thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 4

TOS is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and first rib are compressed, this can cause pain in shoulders and neck/numbness in your fingers

Question 5

TOS syndrome types

Answer 5

neurogenic TOS- 95%, venous TOS-4%, arterial- 1%,

Question 6

neurogenic TOS

Answer 6

pain, weakness, numbness and tingling in the hand and arm, neck pain and headache in the back of the head are common
causes- neck trauma, over stretching neck muscles, puts pressure against the nerve to arm

Question 7

venous TOS

Answer 7

arm swelling, blue or dark discolouration, a feeling of fullness or aching in the arm
causes= strenous use of arm which irritates the subclavian vein

Question 8

arterial TOS

Answer 8

coldness, numbness, tingling/pain, white discolouration, cramping of forearm, pain involves hand/arm, neck or shoulder
causes- clot formation in the subclavian artery- don’t develop symptoms until clot breaks down and block arterial circulation

Question 9

upper cross syndrome

Answer 9

occurs when the muscles in the neck, shoulders and chest become deformed, usually as a result of poor posture
muscles= upper traps and LS- strained and overactive, then pec major and minor become right and short,

Question 10

UCS causes

Answer 10

poor posture, standing or sitting for long periods with head pushed forwards

Question 11

UCS symptoms

Answer 11

stooped, rounded shoulders and a bent-forward neck, the deformed muscles put strain on the surrounding joints, bones, muscles and tendons
neck pain, headaches, weakness in front of the neck, strain in the back of the neck, pain in the upper back and shoulders, tightness and pain in the chest, jaw pain, fatigue, LBP, pain/numbness tingling in the upper arms

Question 12

lower cross syndrome

Answer 12

common compensatory pattern- characterised by an anterior tilt of pelvis, the abs and glut max typically offer counter-pull and keel the pelvis in line, however weakness in these muscles allows the additional pull from the hip flexors and lumbar ES to change posture, to compensate for this anterior tilt occurs

Question 13

LCS cause

Answer 13

sedentary lifestyle, sitting for prolonged periods can cause an imbalance between the muscles to develop, overtraining certain parts of the body while under-training others, for instance if a person strengthens their hip flexors and back without focusing on glutes and abdominals=imbalance

Question 14

LCS muscles weakened or tight

Answer 14

weak- glut med, trv abd, glut max, IO

tight- ES, Lats, adductor complex, hip flexor complex, soleus, gastroc

Question 15

LCS symptoms

Answer 15

not able to stretch fully, can cause 2 types of postures- hyperkyphosis- this is the curvature of the spine that causes the top of a person’s back to appear more rounded, hyperlordosis- this is a condition where there is excessive curvature of lower back

Question 16

LCS Type A/B

Answer 16

A- thoracic hyperkyphosis, lumbar hyper lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, slight hip/knee flex
B- head protraction, thoracic hyper kyphosis, lumbar hypo lordosis, knee hyperextension

Question 17

Dowager’s hump

Answer 17

AKA- hyperkyphosis, is an excessive curvature of the spine, at 40° degrees of curvature the spine is considered healthy, over 40° are deemed problematic

Question 18

Dowager’s hump causes

Answer 18

bad posture, osteoporosis, congenital problem, weakening muscles around Tx, when these muscles weakened- other muscles have to do their job for them= over strain

Question 19

Dowager’s hump symptoms

Answer 19

headaches, nausea/vommiting, imbalances, backache in Lx, numbness and pain radiating to UL, UL weakness, burning sensation and numbness around neck,