Spine and Thorax (Chapter 4) Flashcards
How many vertebrae are in the cervical column of the spine?
7
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic column of the spine ?
12
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar column of the spine?
5
What type of curve does lumbar/cervical vertebrae have?
Lordotic
What type of curves does thoracic vertebrae have?
Kyphotic
What is the origin and insertion of the erector spinae group?
O: Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae.
I: various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process of temporal bone. `
What is the action of the erector spinae group?
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
What is the origin of the spinalis?
O: spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae (thoracis) ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C-7 (cervicis)
What is the insertion of spinalis?
I: spinous processes of upper thoracic (thoracis), spinous processes of cervials, except C-1
What is the origin of the muscle longissimus?
O: common tendon (thoracis), transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae (cervicis and capitis)
what is the insertion of the muscle longissimus?
I: lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (thoracis), transverse process of cervical vertebrae (cervicis), mastoid process of mastoid bone (capitis)
What is the origin of the muscle ilocostalis?
O: common tendon (lumborum), posterior surface of rribs 1 - 12 (thoracis and cervicis)
what is the origin of the transversospinalis group?
O: multifidi; sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
rotatores; transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
what is the insertion of the transversospinalis group?
I: spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (multifidi span two to four vertebrae) (rotatores span one to two vertebrae)
what is the action of the transversospinalis group?
A: unilaterally; rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side.
bilaterally; extend the vertebral column
what is the origin of the semispinalis capitis?
O: transverse processes of C-4 to T-5 (pg. 201)
what is the insertion of the semispinalis capitis?
I: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput (pg. 201)
what is the action of the semispinalis capitis?
extend the vertebral column and head (pg. 201)
what is the origin of the splenius capitis and cervicis?
CAPITIS: inferior one half of the ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C-7 to T-4
CERVICIS: spinous processes of T-3 to T-6
(pg. 203)
What is the insertion of splenius capitis and cervicis?
CAPITIS: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
CERVICIS: Transverse processes of C-1 to C-3
(pg. 203)
What is the action of splenius capitis and cervicis?
UNILATERALLY: rotate the head and neck to the same side/ laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
BILATERALLY: extend the neck and head
What is the origin of rectus capitis posterior major (suboccipitals)?
spinous process of the axis (C2)
what is the insertion of rectus capitis posterior major?
inferior nuchal line of the occiput (pg. 205)
What is the action of rectus capitis posterior major?
largely apart of the suboccipitals; involved in stabilizing the axis and atlas and in creating intrinsic movements such as rocking, and tilting of the head.
what is the origin of rectus capitis posterior minor (suboccipitals)?
tubercle of the posterior arch of the atlas (C-1) (pg. 205)
what is the insertion or rectus capitis posterior minor (suboccipitals) ?
inferior nuchal line of the occiput (pg. 205)
what is the action of the rectus capitis posterior minor (suboccipital) ?
largely apart of the suboccipitals; involved in stabilizing the axis and atlas and in creating intrinsic movements such as rocking, and tilting of the head.
what is the origin of oblique capitis superior (suboccipitals)?
transverse process of the atlas (C-1) (pg. 205)
what is the insertion of oblique capitis superior (suboccipitals)?
between the nuchal lines of the occiput (pg. 205)
what is the action of oblique capitis superior (suboccipitals)?
largely apart of the suboccipitals; involved in stabilizing the axis and atlas and in creating intrinsic movements such as rocking, and tilting of the head. (pg. 205)
what is the origin of oblique capitis inferior (suboccipitals)?
spinous process of the axis (C-2) (pg. 205)
what is the insertion of oblique capitis inferior (suboccipitals)?
transverse process of the atlas (C-1) (pg. 205)
What is the action of oblique capitis inferior?
largely apart of the suboccipitals; involved in stabilizing the axis and atlas and in creating intrinsic movements such as rocking, and tilting of the head. (pg. 205)
what is the origin of quadratus lumborum?
posterior iliac crest (pg. 207)
what is the insertion of quadratus lumborum?
last rib and transverse processes of first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. (pg. 207)
what is the action of quadratus lumborum?
UNILATERALLY: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, assist to extend the vertebral column
BILATERALLY: fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation (pg. 207)
what is the origin of recutus abdominis?
pubic crest, pubic symphsis (pg. 210)
what is the insertion of rectus abdominis?
cartilage of fifith, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process (pg. 210)
what is the action of rectus abdominis?
flex the vertebral column, tilt pelvic posteriorly (pg. 210)
what is the origin of external oblique?
external surfaces of fifth to twelfth ribs (pg. 210)
what is the insertion of external oblique?
anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba (pg. 210)
What is the action of external oblique?
UNILATERALLY: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
BILATERALLY: flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents (pg. 210)
what is the origin of internal oblique?
lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia (pg. 211)
what is the insertion of internal oblique?
internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba (pg. 211)
what is the action of internal oblique?
UNILATERALLY: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to the same side
BILATERALLY: flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents (pg. 211)`
what is the origin of transverse abdominis?
lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower six ribs (pg. 211)
what is the insertion of transverse abdominis?
abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba (pg. 211)
what is the action of transverse abdominis?
compress abdominal contents
what muscle is the primary muscle of respiration and is unique in both its design and function?
Diaphragm
What is the origin of the diaphragm?
COSTAL ATTACHMENT: inner surface of lower six ribs
LUMBAR ATTAHCMENT: upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
STERNAL ATTACHMENT: inner part of xiphoid process
what is the insertion of the diaphragm?
central tendon (pg. 213)
what is the action of the diaphragm?
draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm, increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
what are the small, slender muscles in between the ribs referred to as?
Intercostals
what is the origin of the intercostals?
inferior border of the rib above (pg. 215)
what is the insertion of the intercostals?
superior border of the rib below (pg. 215)
what is the action of the intercostals?
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS: draw the ribs superiorly (increasing the space of the thoracic cativity) to assist with inhalation
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS: Draw the ribs inferiorly (decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with exhalation. (pg. 215)
what muscles are sandwiched between the shoulder muscles and the erector spinae group; and are broad muscles that only affect movement of the ribs?
serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
what is the origin of serratus posterior superior?
spinous processes of C-7 to T-3 (pg. 216)
What is the insertion of serratus posterior inferior?
posterior surface of second through fifth ribs (pg. 216)
what is the action of serratus posterior superior?
elevate the ribs during inhalation. (pg. 216)
what is the origin of serratus posterior inferior?
spinous processes of T-12 to L-3 (PG. 216)
What is the insertion of serratus posterior inferior?
posterior surface of ninth through twelfth ribs (pg. 216)
what are the small, short muscles that span between the transverse processes called? They are also the deepest muscles in the cervical and lumbar regions, and nearly impossible to detect.
Intertransversarii (pg. 217)
what is the origin and insertion of intertransversarii?
Cervical; spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae C-2 to C-7
Lumbar: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae L-1 to L-5 (pg. 216)
what is the action of intertansversarii?
UNILATERALLY: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
BILATERALLY: extend the vertebral column
what short muscles extends from the spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar regions and help extend the spine?
interspinalis (pg. 216 )
what is the origin and insertion of interspinalis?
CERVICAL: spanning the spinous processes C-2 to T-3
LUMBAR: spanning the spinous processes of T-12 to L-5
