Leg & Foot (Chapter 7) Exam II

Question 1

The _____ bears only ten percent of the body’s weight and rightfully so: It is the thinnest bone in the body in proportion to its length.

Answer 1

Fibula

Question 2

When the knee is in a _____ position, the tibia can rotate medially and laterally.

Answer 2

Flexed

Question 3

Where can the thickest layering of cartilage in the body be found?

Answer 3

Posterior Surface of the Patella ; eighth-of-an-inch thick coating

Question 4

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body, and the attachment site and junction point for the quadriceps femoris tendon and patellar ligament.

Answer 4

Patella

Question 5

What three tendons of the thigh converge at the medial knee to form the larger pes anserinus tendon.

Answer 5

Sarotorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus

Question 6

How many bones does the foot contain?

Answer 6

Twenty -six

Question 7

How many phalanges is the hallucis (big toe) made of?

Answer 7

Two

Question 8

What are the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles known as together?

Answer 8

Triceps Surae

Question 9

The _____ is sometimes called the “second heart” because of the important role its strong contractions play in returning blood from the leg to the heart.

Answer 9

Soleus

Question 10

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 10

• Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

- Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Question 11

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 11

condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces

Question 12

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 12

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 13

What is the action of the soleus ?

Answer 13

Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Question 14

What is the origin of the soleus?

Answer 14

Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posteror aspect of head of fibula

Question 15

What is the insertion of the soleus?

Answer 15

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 16

When do you use your gastrocnemius and soleus?

Answer 16

• peeking over a fence (standing on your toes)
• walking, running, climbing
• carrying a heavy backpack up a steep hill

Question 17

The _____ has a short muscle belly but the longest tendon in the body.

Answer 17

Plantaris

Question 18

What is the action of the plantaris?

Answer 18

• weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint)

- weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

Question 19

What is the origin of the plantaris?

Answer 19

lateral supracondylar line of femur

Question 20

What is the insertion of the plantaris?

Answer 20

Calcaneus via Calcaneal tendon

Question 21

What is the action of the popliteus ?

Answer 21

• medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint)

- flex the knee (T/F joint)

Question 22

What is the origin of the popliteus?

Answer 22

lateral condyle of the femur

Question 23

What is the insertion of the popliteus?

Answer 23

proximal, posterior aspect of tibia

Question 24

What is the action of the peroneus longus?

Answer 24

• evert the foot

- assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Question 25

What is the origin of the peroneus longus?

Answer 25

head of fibula and proximal two thirds of lateral fibula

Question 26

What is the insertion of the peroneus longus?

Answer 26

base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 27

What is the action of the peroneus brevis?

Answer 27

- evert the foot | - assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Question 28

What is the origin of the peroneus brevis?

Answer 28

distal two-thirds of lateral fibula

Question 29

What is the insertion of the peroneus brevis?

Answer 29

tuberosity of fifth metatarsal

Question 30

What are the extensors of the ankle and toes?

Answer 30

- tibialis anterior - extensor digitorium longus - extensor hallucis longus

Question 31

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 31

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

Question 32

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 32

medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Question 33

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 33

- invert the foot | - dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Question 34

What is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 34

-middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 35

What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 35

distal phalanx of first toe

Question 36

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 36

- extend the first toe - dorsiflex the ankle - invert the foot

Question 37

what is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 37

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 38

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 38

Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

Question 39

What is the action of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 39

- extend the second through fifth toes - dorsiflex the ankle - evert the foot

Question 40

What are the flexors of the ankle and toes?

Answer 40

- tibialis posterior - flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallucis longus

Question 41

What is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

Answer 41

proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane

Question 42

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

Answer 42

all five tarsal bone and bases of second through fourth metatarsals

Question 43

What is the action of the tibialis posterior?

Answer 43

- invert the foot | - plantar flex the ankle

Question 44

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 44

middle, posterior surface of tibia

Question 45

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 45

distal phalanges of the second through fifth toes

Question 46

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 46

- flex the second through fifth toes - weak plantar flexion of ankle - invert the foot

Question 47

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 47

middle half of posterior fibula

Question 48

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 48

distal phalanx of first toe

Question 49

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 49

- flex the first toe - weak plantar flexion of the ankle - invert the foot

Question 50

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 50

dorsal surface of calcaneus

Question 51

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 51

second through fourth toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons

Question 52

What is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 52

-extend the second the fourth toes

Question 53

What is the action of the flexor digitorium brevis?

Answer 53

flex middle phalanges of the second through fifth toes (proximal interpalangeal joints)

Question 54

What is the origin of the flexor digitorium brevis?

Answer 54

medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Question 55

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorium brevis?

Answer 55

middle phalanges of second through fifth toes

Question 56

What is the action of the abductor hallucis ?

Answer 56

- abduct the first toe | - assist to flex the first toe

Question 57

What is the origin of the abductor hallucis?

Answer 57

medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Question 58

What is the insertion of the abductor hallucis?

Answer 58

proximal phalanx of first toe and medial sesamoid bone

Question 59

What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi ?

Answer 59

- flex the fifth toe | - assist to abduct the fifth toe

Question 60

What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi ?

Answer 60

lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis