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KIN 441: Foundational Anatomy and Skills for the Upper Extremity > Leg & Foot (Chapter 7) Exam II > Flashcards

Leg & Foot (Chapter 7) Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ bears only ten percent of the body’s weight and rightfully so: It is the thinnest bone in the body in proportion to its length.

A

Fibula

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2
Q

When the knee is in a _____ position, the tibia can rotate medially and laterally.

A

Flexed

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3
Q

Where can the thickest layering of cartilage in the body be found?

A

Posterior Surface of the Patella ; eighth-of-an-inch thick coating

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4
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body, and the attachment site and junction point for the quadriceps femoris tendon and patellar ligament.

A

Patella

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5
Q

What three tendons of the thigh converge at the medial knee to form the larger pes anserinus tendon.

A

Sarotorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus

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6
Q

How many bones does the foot contain?

A

Twenty -six

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7
Q

How many phalanges is the hallucis (big toe) made of?

A

Two

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8
Q

What are the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles known as together?

A

Triceps Surae

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9
Q

The _____ is sometimes called the “second heart” because of the important role its strong contractions play in returning blood from the leg to the heart.

A

Soleus

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10
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

- Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

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11
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

A

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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13
Q

What is the action of the soleus ?

A

Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

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14
Q

What is the origin of the soleus?

A

Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posteror aspect of head of fibula

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the soleus?

A

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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16
Q

When do you use your gastrocnemius and soleus?

A
  • peeking over a fence (standing on your toes)
  • walking, running, climbing
  • carrying a heavy backpack up a steep hill
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17
Q

The _____ has a short muscle belly but the longest tendon in the body.

A

Plantaris

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18
Q

What is the action of the plantaris?

A
  • weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint)

- weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

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19
Q

What is the origin of the plantaris?

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the plantaris?

A

Calcaneus via Calcaneal tendon

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21
Q

What is the action of the popliteus ?

A
  • medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint)

- flex the knee (T/F joint)

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22
Q

What is the origin of the popliteus?

A

lateral condyle of the femur

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the popliteus?

A

proximal, posterior aspect of tibia

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24
Q

What is the action of the peroneus longus?

A
  • evert the foot

- assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

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25
Q

What is the origin of the peroneus longus?

A

head of fibula and proximal two thirds of lateral fibula

26
Q

What is the insertion of the peroneus longus?

A

base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

27
Q

What is the action of the peroneus brevis?

A
  • evert the foot

- assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

28
Q

What is the origin of the peroneus brevis?

A

distal two-thirds of lateral fibula

29
Q

What is the insertion of the peroneus brevis?

A

tuberosity of fifth metatarsal

30
Q

What are the extensors of the ankle and toes?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorium longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
31
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

A

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

32
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

A

medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

33
Q

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • invert the foot

- dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

34
Q

What is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

-middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

35
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

distal phalanx of first toe

36
Q

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • extend the first toe
  • dorsiflex the ankle
  • invert the foot
37
Q

what is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane

38
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

39
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • extend the second through fifth toes
  • dorsiflex the ankle
  • evert the foot
40
Q

What are the flexors of the ankle and toes?

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
41
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

A

proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane

42
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

A

all five tarsal bone and bases of second through fourth metatarsals

43
Q

What is the action of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • invert the foot

- plantar flex the ankle

44
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

middle, posterior surface of tibia

45
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

distal phalanges of the second through fifth toes

46
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus?

A
  • flex the second through fifth toes
  • weak plantar flexion of ankle
  • invert the foot
47
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

middle half of posterior fibula

48
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

distal phalanx of first toe

49
Q

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • flex the first toe
  • weak plantar flexion of the ankle
  • invert the foot
50
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

dorsal surface of calcaneus

51
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

second through fourth toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons

52
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

-extend the second the fourth toes

53
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorium brevis?

A

flex middle phalanges of the second through fifth toes (proximal interpalangeal joints)

54
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorium brevis?

A

medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

55
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorium brevis?

A

middle phalanges of second through fifth toes

56
Q

What is the action of the abductor hallucis ?

A
  • abduct the first toe

- assist to flex the first toe

57
Q

What is the origin of the abductor hallucis?

A

medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

58
Q

What is the insertion of the abductor hallucis?

A

proximal phalanx of first toe and medial sesamoid bone

59
Q

What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi ?

A
  • flex the fifth toe

- assist to abduct the fifth toe

60
Q

What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi ?

A

lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

KIN 441: Foundational Anatomy and Skills for the Upper Extremity (8 decks)

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