Navigating the Body (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Plane of the body that divides the body into left and right halves. The descriptive terms medial and lateral relate to this plane. The motions of flexion and extension occur along this plane.
Sagittal Plane
Plane of the body that divides the body into front and back portions. The terms anterior and posterior relate to this plane. The actions of adduction and abduction happen along this plane.
Frontal Plane
Plane of the body that divides the body into upper and lower parts. The terms superior and inferior relate to this plane. the action of rotating happens along this plane.
Transverse Plane
Refers to a structure closer to the head.
Superior
Refers to a structure closer to the feet.
Inferior
Term meaning closer to the head. Utilized when referring to structures on the trunk.
Cranial
Term meaning closer to the feet. Utilized when referring to structures on the trunk.
Caudal
Term pertaining to a structure further toward the back of the body than another structure. Also referred to as dorsal.
Posterior
Term pertaining to a structure further in front of another structure. Also referred to as ventral
Anterior
Term pertaining to a structure closer to the midline of the body.
Medial
Term pertaining to a structure further away from the midline of the body.
Lateral
Term describing a structure further away from the trunk of the body’s midline.
Distal
Term describing a structure closer to the trunk of the body’s midline.
Proximal
Movement that straightens or opens a joint. This movement takes place in the sagittal plane
Extension
Movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together. (in fetal position most joints are in this position) This movement takes place in the sagittal plane
Flexion
This particular rotation brings the limb in toward the midline. (also only occurs at the hip and shoulder joints)
Medial Rotation
This particular rotation swings the limb away from the midline of the body. (also only occurs at the hip and shoulder joints)
Lateral Rotation
This movement involves a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction; together these actions create a cone shaped movement. (this movement is only possible at the hip and shoulder joints)
Circumduction
This movement only occurs at the axial skeleton. For example when the neck or vertebral column bends laterally to side.
Lateral Flexion
Term referring to the superior movement of the scapula or jaw.
Elevation
Term referring to the inferior movement of the scapula or jaw.
Depression
Term describing the pivoting action of the forearm. Occurs when the radius and ulna lie parallel to one another. (this movement can also occur at the feet)
Supination
Term describing the pivoting action of the forearm. Occurs when the radius crosses over the ulna, turning the palm down.
Pronation
Term that means to wander from the usual course. (lateral deviation occurs at the mandible during talking or chewing.)
Deviation
Only happens at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Occurs when the thumbpad crosses the palm toward the last (pinkie) finger.
Opposition
A spherical surface of one bone fits into the dish-shaped depression of another bone. Such a joint as this is capable of movement in every plane. ( The shoulder and hip joint)
Ball-and-socket joint
Joint that allows only flexion and extension. An example of this joint is the elbow joint.
Hinge Joint
A modified ellipsoid joint composed of convex and concave articulating surfaces-like two saddles.
Saddle Joint
A joint that is usually between two flat surfaces and allows the least movement of all synovial joints. Only small shift movements are possible at these articulations, such as those between the carpal bones in the wrist or tarsal bones in the foot.
Gliding Joint
A joint designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone. For example rotation of the head occurs because of the ___ joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae.
Pivot Joint
The system in the body that senses, interprets, and responds to the body’s needs in order to maintain homeostasis, or equilibrium.
Nervous System
The system that is composed of several organs, yellow fluid called lymph, small microscopic vessels called lymphatic and lymph nodes. Performs functions such as draining the interstitial fluid which escapes from the capillaries and transporting it back to the heart. Vessels of this system carry fats from the intestines to the blood. Tissue of this system helps the body’s immune system defend against foreign cells, microbes and cancer cells.
Lymphatic System
