Navigating the Body (Chapter 1)

Question 1

Plane of the body that divides the body into left and right halves. The descriptive terms medial and lateral relate to this plane. The motions of flexion and extension occur along this plane.

Answer 1

Sagittal Plane

Question 2

Plane of the body that divides the body into front and back portions. The terms anterior and posterior relate to this plane. The actions of adduction and abduction happen along this plane.

Answer 2

Frontal Plane

Question 3

Plane of the body that divides the body into upper and lower parts. The terms superior and inferior relate to this plane. the action of rotating happens along this plane.

Answer 3

Transverse Plane

Question 4

Refers to a structure closer to the head.

Answer 4

Superior

Question 5

Refers to a structure closer to the feet.

Answer 5

Inferior

Question 6

Term meaning closer to the head. Utilized when referring to structures on the trunk.

Answer 6

Cranial

Question 7

Term meaning closer to the feet. Utilized when referring to structures on the trunk.

Answer 7

Caudal

Question 8

Term pertaining to a structure further toward the back of the body than another structure. Also referred to as dorsal.

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

Term pertaining to a structure further in front of another structure. Also referred to as ventral

Answer 9

Anterior

Question 10

Term pertaining to a structure closer to the midline of the body.

Answer 10

Medial

Question 11

Term pertaining to a structure further away from the midline of the body.

Answer 11

Lateral

Question 12

Term describing a structure further away from the trunk of the body’s midline.

Answer 12

Distal

Question 13

Term describing a structure closer to the trunk of the body’s midline.

Answer 13

Proximal

Question 14

Movement that straightens or opens a joint. This movement takes place in the sagittal plane

Answer 14

Extension

Question 15

Movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together. (in fetal position most joints are in this position) This movement takes place in the sagittal plane

Answer 15

Flexion

Question 16

This particular rotation brings the limb in toward the midline. (also only occurs at the hip and shoulder joints)

Answer 16

Medial Rotation

Question 17

This particular rotation swings the limb away from the midline of the body. (also only occurs at the hip and shoulder joints)

Answer 17

Lateral Rotation

Question 18

This movement involves a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction; together these actions create a cone shaped movement. (this movement is only possible at the hip and shoulder joints)

Answer 18

Circumduction

Question 19

This movement only occurs at the axial skeleton. For example when the neck or vertebral column bends laterally to side.

Answer 19

Lateral Flexion

Question 20

Term referring to the superior movement of the scapula or jaw.

Answer 20

Elevation

Question 21

Term referring to the inferior movement of the scapula or jaw.

Answer 21

Depression

Question 22

Term describing the pivoting action of the forearm. Occurs when the radius and ulna lie parallel to one another. (this movement can also occur at the feet)

Answer 22

Supination

Question 23

Term describing the pivoting action of the forearm. Occurs when the radius crosses over the ulna, turning the palm down.

Answer 23

Pronation

Question 24

Term that means to wander from the usual course. (lateral deviation occurs at the mandible during talking or chewing.)

Answer 24

Deviation

Question 25

Only happens at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Occurs when the thumbpad crosses the palm toward the last (pinkie) finger.

Answer 25

Opposition

Question 26

A spherical surface of one bone fits into the dish-shaped depression of another bone. Such a joint as this is capable of movement in every plane. ( The shoulder and hip joint)

Answer 26

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 27

Joint that allows only flexion and extension. An example of this joint is the elbow joint.

Answer 27

Hinge Joint

Question 28

A modified ellipsoid joint composed of convex and concave articulating surfaces-like two saddles.

Answer 28

Saddle Joint

Question 29

A joint that is usually between two flat surfaces and allows the least movement of all synovial joints. Only small shift movements are possible at these articulations, such as those between the carpal bones in the wrist or tarsal bones in the foot.

Answer 29

Gliding Joint

Question 30

A joint designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone. For example rotation of the head occurs because of the ___ joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae.

Answer 30

Pivot Joint

Question 31

The system in the body that senses, interprets, and responds to the body’s needs in order to maintain homeostasis, or equilibrium.

Answer 31

Nervous System

Question 32

The system that is composed of several organs, yellow fluid called lymph, small microscopic vessels called lymphatic and lymph nodes. Performs functions such as draining the interstitial fluid which escapes from the capillaries and transporting it back to the heart. Vessels of this system carry fats from the intestines to the blood. Tissue of this system helps the body’s immune system defend against foreign cells, microbes and cancer cells.

Answer 32

Lymphatic System