Pelvis and Thigh (Chapter 6) Exam II

Question 1

What is the longest , heaviest, and strongest bone in the body?

Answer 1

Femur (pg. 278)

Question 2

In what way does the female and male shape of the pelvis differ?

Answer 2

Female has a broader hip for carrying and delivering a child. A wider iliac crest, a larger pelvic bowl, and a greater distance between ischial tuberosities.

Question 3

What is the big hole in the hip known as ?

Answer 3

Obturator Foreman

Question 4

What bone serves as the attachment site for the sartorius muscle and inguinal ligament?

Answer 4

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Question 5

The Ischial Tuberosity is also commonly known as ?

Answer 5

Sit Bones

Question 6

What five groups of muscle make up most of the pelvis and thigh?

Answer 6

Gluteal muscles (3), Lateral Rotators (6), Quadriceps (4), Hamstrings (3), Adductors (5)

Question 7

What quadriceps muscle located on the anterior thigh and is on the only quadriceps that crosses two joints (the hip and the knee) ?

Answer 7

Rectus femoris

Question 8

When do you use your quadriceps muscle?

Answer 8

• kicking a soccer ball
• stabilizing yourself in a stationary squat position
• raising your knee quickly into a bad guy’s cojones

Question 9

What is the origin of the quadriceps muscle rectus femoris?

Answer 9

Anterior inferior iliac spine (ASIS)

Question 10

What is the insertion of all of the quadriceps muscle?

Answer 10

Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

Question 11

What is the origin of the quadriceps muscle vastus medialis?

Answer 11

Medial lip of linea apsera

Question 12

What is the origin of the quadriceps muscle Vastus Lateralis ?

Answer 12

Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter

Question 13

What is the origin of the quadriceps muscle Vastus Intermedius?

Answer 13

Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

Question 14

What is the action of the quadriceps muscle rectus femoris?

Answer 14

Flex the hip (coxal joint)

Question 15

What is the action of the quadriceps muscle as a whole>

Answer 15

extend the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

Question 16

What is the common origin of the hamstrings group?

Answer 16

Ischial Tuberosity

Question 17

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

Answer 17

Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

• laterally rotate the flexed knee (T/F joint)
• extend the hip (coxal joint)
• assist to laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint)

Question 18

What is the origin of the biceps femoris?

Answer 18

long head: ischial tuberosity

short head: lateral lip of linea aspera

Question 19

what is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

Answer 19

head of the fibula

Question 20

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

Answer 20

flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

• medially rotate the flexed knee (T/F joint)
• extend the hip (coxal joint)
• assist to medially rotate the hip (coxal joint)
• tilt the pelvis posteriorly

Question 21

What are the muscles of the hamstring?

Answer 21

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 22

what is the insertion of semitendinosus?

Answer 22

proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Question 23

what is the action of the semimembranosus?

Answer 23

flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

• medially rotate the flexed knee (T/F joint)
• extend the hip (coxal joint)
• assist to medially rotate the hip (coxal joint)
• tilt the pelvis posteriorly

Question 24

what is the insertion of semimembranosus?

Answer 24

posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Question 25

When do you use your hamstrings?

Answer 25

running, cycling, swimming, climbing stairs - stabilizing your hip while bending over to tie your shoes - scraping mud off your boots (extension of the hip)

Question 26

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 26

coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments

Question 27

what is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 27

iliotibial tract (upper fibers) and gluteal tuberosity (lower fibers)

Question 28

what is the action of gluteus maximus?

Answer 28

extend the hip (coxal joint) laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint) abduct the hip (coxal joint)

Question 29

what is the origin of the gluteus medius ?

Answer 29

gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest

Question 30

what is the insertion of gluteus medius?

Answer 30

lateral aspect of greater trochanter

Question 31

what is the action of gluteus medius?

Answer 31

``` abduct the hip (coxal joint) flex the hip (coxal joint) laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint) medially rotate the hip extend the hip ```

Question 32

what is the action of gluteus minimus?

Answer 32

abduct the hip (coxal joint) medially rotate the hip (coxal joint) flex the hip (coxal joint)

Question 33

what is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 33

gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Question 34

what is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 34

anterior aspect of greater trochanter

Question 35

When do you use your gluteals?

Answer 35

climbing stairs (maximus escpecially) - running, cycling, swimming, skating - latin dancing (lots of lateral rotation of the hip)

Question 36

What is the origin of the adductor magnus?

Answer 36

inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity

Question 37

what is the insertion of the adductor magnus?

Answer 37

meidal lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle

Question 38

What is the action of the adductor group?

Answer 38

- adduct the hip (coxal joint) - medially rotate the hip (coxal joint) - assist to flex the hip (all except the gracilis)

Question 39

what is the origin of adductor longus?

Answer 39

pubic tubercle

Question 40

what is the insertion of adductor longus?

Answer 40

medial lip of linea aspera

Question 41

what is the origin of adductor brevis?

Answer 41

inferior ramus of pubis

Question 42

what is the insertion of adductor brevis?

Answer 42

pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera

Question 43

what is the origin of the pectineus?

Answer 43

superior ramus of pubis

Question 44

what is the insertion of pectineus?

Answer 44

pectineal line of femur

Question 45

what is the origin of the gracilis?

Answer 45

inferior ramus of pubis

Question 46

what is the insertion of the gracilis?

Answer 46

proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Question 47

what is the action of the gracilis?

Answer 47

flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) - medially rotate the flexed knee (T/F joint) - posterior fibers of adductor magnus: extend the hip

Question 48

When do you use your adductors?

Answer 48

- ice skating (doing a crossover step when turning) - gripping a horse with your thighs when riding - stabilizing your pelvis when walking

Question 49

What is the action of the tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract?

Answer 49

flex the hip (coxal joint) medially rotate the hip (coxal joint) abduct the hip

Question 50

what is the origin of the tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract?

Answer 50

iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS

Question 51

what is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract?

Answer 51

iliotibial tract

Question 52

What is the longest muscle in the body stretching from the anterior superior iliac spine, across the thigh, to the medial knee?

Answer 52

Sartorius

Question 53

What is the action of the sartorius ?

Answer 53

- flex the hip (coxal joint) - laterally rotate the hip - abduct the hip - flex the knee - medially rotate the flexed knee

Question 54

what is the origin of the sartorius?

Answer 54

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 55

what is the insertion of the sartorius?

Answer 55

proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Question 56

What are the lateral rotators of the hip (also known as the deep six)?

Answer 56

piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior and gemellus inferior

Question 57

What is the action of all 6 of the lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 57

laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint)

Question 58

What is the origin of piriformis?

Answer 58

anterior surface of sacrum

Question 59

what is the insertion of piriformis?

Answer 59

superior aspect of greater trochanter

Question 60

What is the origin of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 60

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Question 61

what is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 61

intertrochanteric crest, between the great and lesser trochanters

Question 62

what is the origin of the obturator internus?

Answer 62

obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen

Question 63

what is the insertion of obturator internus?

Answer 63

medical surface of greater trochanter

Question 64

what is the origin of the obturator externus?

Answer 64

rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane

Question 65

what is the insertion of the obturator externus ?

Answer 65

trochanteric fossa of femur

Question 66

what is the origin of gemellus superior?

Answer 66

ischial spine

Question 67

what is the insertion of gemellus superior?

Answer 67

medial surface of greater trochanter

Question 68

what is the origin of gemellus inferior ?

Answer 68

ischial tuberosity

Question 69

what is the insertion of gemellus inferior?

Answer 69

medial surface of greater trochanter

Question 70

Approximately how much of the population has a psoas minor?

Answer 70

about 40 %

Question 71

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

Answer 71

body and transverse process of first lumbar vertebrae

Question 72

what is the insertion of the psoas minor?

Answer 72

superior ramus of pubis

Question 73

what is the action of the psoas minor?

Answer 73

assist to create lordiotic curvature in the lumbar spine

Question 74

what is origin of the psoas major?

Answer 74

bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Question 75

what is the insertion of psoas major?

Answer 75

lesser trochanter

Question 76

What is the action of psoas major?

Answer 76

flex the hip - may laterally rotate the hip - flex the trunk toward the thigh - tilt pelvis anteriorly - assist to laterally flex the lumbar spine

Question 77

what is the origin of the iliacus?

Answer 77

iliac fossa

Question 78

what is the insertion of the iliacus ?

Answer 78

lesser trochanter

Question 79

what is the action of the iliacus ?

Answer 79

flex the hip - may laterally rotate the hip - flex the trunk toward the thigh - tilt pelvis anteriorly

Question 80

What three structures form the femoral triangle?

Answer 80

inguinal ligament, adductor longus, and sartorius

Question 81

Since it is long and easily accessible, the _______ vein is often used for grafts in coronary bypass surgery.

Answer 81

Saphenous vein