SPINE AND EXXTREMITIES I Flashcards
THE UPPER EXTREMITIES (Large hands)
________ - growth occurs after epiphyseal closure in which hands, feet, face head and soft tissues are enlarged
________ - condition occurs before epiphyseal closure, enlarged skeleton is perfectly proportioned
________ - due to overgrowth of bone and and soft tissues, stimulated by excess of somatotropic hormones
acromegaly
gigantism
acromegaly and gigantism
SMALL HANDS
____________ - congenital anomaly of obscure cause
Acromicria
SHORT THICK HANDS:
_________ - short thick and fat hands
___________ - short and thick, thumb diverges from nearer the wrist than N, little finger is curved
cretinism
mongolism
MALPOSTURE OF THE HAND
claw is formed by hyperextension
of the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal articulations
causes: brachial plexus or ulnar n. injuries
muscular atrophy
syringomyelia or acute poliomyelitis
Clawhand
MALPOSTURE OF THE HAND
Thumb held in extension by its
inability to flex.
Occurs in:
Syringomyelia
progressive muscular dystrophy
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ape hand
MALPOSTURE OF THE HAND
_________ – pronated hand drops from the wrist from weakness of the extensors
due to: radial n. palsy., poliomyelitis, lead poisoning, arsenic or alcohol
WRIST DROP
MALPOSTURE OF THE HAND
______________( Preacher’s hand ) the ring and little fingers are flex while the other digits move normally, may extend to produce the posture ( in ulnar n. palsy or syringomyelia )
BENEDICTION HAND
THE FINGERS
1. _________ (supernumerary)
- congenital, familial, or associated with syndromes
- __________ (webbed fingers)
-congenital or hereditary
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
NODULES OF THE FINGERS
__________- painless nodules in distal finger joints. A localized osteoarthritis
_________ (Haygarth’s nodes) - middle and proximal finger joints are affected
Heberden’s nodes
Rheumatoid arthritis
DIGITAL INFECTION:
_____________- swollen skin over the mantle of the nail and the lateral folds. painful and tender
__________ - abscess of the terminal pulp space, swelling of fingertip and dull pain
paronychia
felon
WRIST MOTION
D
P
dorsiflexion
palmar flexion
WRIST SIGN
light percussion on the radial side of the palmaris longus tendon produces a tingling sensation
clin occurrence:
trauma from excessive flexion of the wrist
impingement upon carpal tunnel by arthritis
TINEL’S SIGN
MOTIONS OF THE FOREARM
P
s
pronation
supination
ELBOW MOTION
Movements of humeroulnar joint
(EF)
humeroradial and proximal radioulnar joints (PS)
extension
flexion
pronation
supination
NORMAL ANGLE OF THE ELBOW
__________
__________ is less than 170 deg or deviation more than 160 degree
__________ is more than 170 deg or deviation less than 10 degrees
170
cubitus valgus
cubitus varus
